Nervous System I

Question 1

What are the functions of nervous system?

Answer 1

mental activity
monitors
senses
integration
processing
coordination

Question 2

What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 2

CNS and PNS

Question 3

What are the two divisions of the PNS?

Answer 3

Sensory (afferent)

Motor (efferent)

Question 4

What are the two divisions of the motor (efferent)?

Answer 4

Voluntary (somatic)

Involuntary (automatic)

Question 5

What are the two divisions of the involuntary (autonomic) system?

Answer 5

Parasympathetic

Sympathetic

Question 6

What does the parasympathetic system do?

Answer 6

the rest and digestion response

Question 7

What does the sympathetic system do?

Answer 7

the fight or flight response

Question 8

What are the two cell types of the nervous system?

Answer 8

Neurons (conducting cells)

Neuroglia (supporting cells)

Question 9

What bundled together make nerves?

Answer 9

Axons

Question 10

What are interneurons?

Answer 10

Association neurons between motor and sensory neurons

Question 11

What are multipolar neurons?

Answer 11

has many dendrites and a single axon, motor neurons and most CNS neurons

Question 12

What are bipolar neurons?

Answer 12

one dendrite and one axon, used in the eye and sense of smell

Question 13

What are unipolar neurons?

Answer 13

one short process attached to one long axon, sensory neurons

Question 14

What are glial cells?

Answer 14

Supporting non-conduction cells that assisit neurons anatomically and physiologically, there are more of them than neurons

Question 15

What are astrocytes?

Answer 15

(CNS) star-shaped supporting framework for blood vessels and neurons that help form blood-brain barrier

Question 16

What are microglial cells?

Answer 16

(CNS) phagocytes, remove dead tissue, microbes, foreign material

Question 17

What are ependymal cells?

Answer 17

(CNS) line cavities of the brain and spinal cord, work with blood vessels to form cerebrospinal fluid from blood

Question 18

What are oligodendrocytes?

Answer 18

(CNS) form myelin sheaths on multiple axons

Question 19

What are schwann cells?

Answer 19

(PNS) wrap around axons of neurons to form myelin sheaths

Question 20

What are satellite cells?

Answer 20

(PNS) Surround neuron cell bodies in sensory ganglia, protects neurons from heavy metals

Question 21

What are myelin sheaths?

Answer 21

formed by Schwann cells (PNS) or oligodendrocytes (CNS), made of lipids that insulate the axon and speed up the rate of nerve impulse. Not all axons are myelinated

Question 22

What is the layering of the spinal cord?

Answer 22

white matter, then dark matter

Question 23

What is the layering of the brain?

Answer 23

dark matter, then white matter

Question 24

What are axons bundled together called in the two major divisions?

Answer 24

Nerves (PNS)

Tracts (CNS)

Question 25

What are soma and dendrites clumped together called in the two major divisions?

Answer 25

Ganglia (PNS) | Nuclei (CNS)

Question 26

What forms white matter?

Answer 26

Myelinated axons

Question 27

What forms grey matter?

Answer 27

Unmyelinated axons, cell bodies, dendrites

Question 28

What is the endoneurium?

Answer 28

Most interior borders of nerve, seperates differing axons

Question 29

What is the perineurium?

Answer 29

Median border of nerve, separates differing axon clusters

Question 30

What is the epineurium?

Answer 30

Outer border of nerve, furthest from axon cluster

Question 31

What are the dorsal/ventral rootlets of the spinal nerve?

Answer 31

dorsal rootlets carry sensory fibers, ventral rootlets carry motor fibers

Question 32

What are the dorsal/ventral roots?

Answer 32

dorsal roots carry sensory fibers from dorsal root ganglia, ventral roots carry motor fibers from the ventral horn

Question 33

What are the dorsal/ventral rami?

Answer 33

contain nerves that provide visceral motor, somatic motor, and sensory information, with the dorsal ramus feeding the dorsal trunk (skin and muscles of the back), and the ventral ramus feeding the ventral trunk and limbs through the ventrolateral surface

Question 34

What are the rami communicantes?

Answer 34

structure that anteriorly connects the spinal nerve to the sympathetic trunk

Question 35

What are the dorsal root ganglion?

Answer 35

a group of cell bodies responsible for the transmission of sensory messages from receptors such as thermoreceptors, nociceptors, proprioceptors, and chemoreceptors, to the CNS for a response

Question 36

What is the sympathetic trunk (chain) ganglian?

Answer 36

contains preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic system in the lower back

Question 37

How do the nodes of Ravier speed up an AP signal?

Answer 37

they reduce the amount of surface that the AP system as to cover via saltatory conduction

Question 38

How does a synapse release neurotransmitters?

Answer 38

Calcium releases into the presynaptic neuron and activate synaptic vessels

Question 39

What are four neurotransmitters?

Answer 39

acetylcholine serotonin dopamine norepinephrine