Nervous Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

How negative is the intracellular environment of a neuron?

A

-70mV

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2
Q

What maintains the charge balance of the membrane?

A

Na+/K+ pump

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3
Q

What is the Na+/K+ pump?

A

Active transport that requires ATP to move positively charged ions around to increase or decrease the charge of an area

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4
Q

What is a local potential change?

A

Membrane potential in the region of the membrane exposed to stimuli is changed

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5
Q

What are the two responses to stimuli in the membrane?

A

Depolarize

Hyperpolarize

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6
Q

What does a graded potential mean?

A

Degree of change is proportional to instensity of stimulation

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7
Q

What is the threshold potential to initiate AP?

A

-55mV

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8
Q

What is a refractory period?

A

A time during which a second AP cannot occur

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9
Q

What is the absolute refractory period?

A

During a current AP, no more additional AP can cause anything

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10
Q

What is the relative refractory period?

A

Immediately following an AP, the membrane is hyperpolarized and a stronger AP can initiate a new one

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11
Q

What is a common impulse/sec in the body?

A

100 impulses/sec

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12
Q

How does the refractory period help with directing a message?

A

Ensures AP only goes in one direction, since the area upstream is in refractory period

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13
Q

What is saltatory conduction?

A

The action of AP jumping over myelin sheaths, much faster than unmyelinated neurons

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14
Q

What role does calcium play in synaptic transfer?

A

Tells the synaptic vesicles to release their neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft

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15
Q

What is acetylcholinesterase?

A

AChE, removes ACh from the synaptic cleft by breaking it down

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16
Q

What does ACh bind to on the postsynaptic membrane?

A

ligand-gated Na+ channels, allowing Na+ to enter the cell and depolarize it

17
Q

What results in an excitatory response?

A

opening the Na+ channels

18
Q

What results in an inhibitory response?

A

opening the K+ or Cl+ channels

19
Q

What is botulism?

A

Alteration and inhibition of ACh release

20
Q

What is myasthenia gravis?

A

inflammation of ACh receptors, autoimmune