Reproductive System Quiz

Question 1

What are the gonads?

Answer 1

Ovaries and testes

Question 2

What do the gonads do?

Answer 2

produce gametes and sex hormones

Question 3

What are gametes?

Answer 3

Eggs and sperm

Question 4

What sex hormones are produced in males vs females?

Answer 4

Males
-Testosterone
Females
-Estrogen
-Progesterone

Question 5

What do the testes do?

Answer 5

Produce sperm and testosterone

Question 6

Why are the testes in the scrotum and not within the body?

Answer 6

To remain cooler to preserve sperm

Question 7

What are the segments within the testes?

Answer 7

Lobules

Question 8

What do the lobules contain?

Answer 8

Seminiferous tubules

Question 9

What do the seminiferous tubules lead to and what do they do?

Answer 9

They lead to the epididymis and produce sperm

Question 10

What do interstitial cells produce?

Answer 10

Testosterone

Question 11

What is the epididymus?

Answer 11

Comma-shaped, superior and posterolateral region of testes

Question 12

What does the epididymus contain?

Answer 12

the coiled duct of the epididymis

Question 13

What does the epididymis connect?

Answer 13

Seminiferous tubules to the vas deferens

Question 14

What occurs in the epididymus?

Answer 14

Maturation and storage of sperm until ejaculation

Question 15

What is the vas deferens?

Answer 15

Cord extending from the epididymis into the pelvic cavity, behind bladder becoming ampulla

Question 16

What is ampulla?

Answer 16

Expansion of vas deferens

Question 17

What forms the ejaculatory ducts?

Answer 17

The ampulla joined by the seminal vesicles

Question 18

How do the ejaculatory ducts connect to the urethra?

Answer 18

They pass through the prostrate

Question 19

What is a vasectomy?

Answer 19

Minimally invasive cut of the vas deferens, sperm still exists but is reabsorbed

Question 20

What are the three regions of the urethra?

Answer 20

Prostatic
Membranous
Spongy

Question 21

What are the paired seminal vesicles?

Answer 21

Posterior wall of bladder, 60% of semen providing nutrition, pH, and transport for sperm

Question 22

What is the prostate gland?

Answer 22

33% of semen, prostatic and ejaculatory duct run through it, secretes into urethra

Question 23

What are the paired bulbourethral?

Answer 23

Pea-sized glands that secrete prior to ejaculation to neutralize traces of acidic urine in urethra

Question 24

What is sperm?

Answer 24

Germ cells that divided by meiosis, one germ=four sperm, either X or Y

Question 25

What is the structure of a sperm cell?

Answer 25

Head, Acrosome, Midpiece, Tail

Question 26

What does the head of a sperm cell contain?

Answer 26

22 autosomes, 1 sex chromosome

Question 27

What is the acrosome of a sperm cell?

Answer 27

enzymes to digest into the egg

Question 28

What does the midpiece of a sperm cell contain?

Answer 28

mitochondria to make ATP

Question 29

What are the 3 erectile columns?

Answer 29

``` Corpora cavernosa (dorsal) Corpus spongiosum (ventral) ```

Question 30

What is the glands penis?

Answer 30

head of penis covered in foreskin, opening for urethra

Question 31

What is the prepuce?

Answer 31

foreskin

Question 32

What temperature is the scrotum?

Answer 32

2 degrees below body temp

Question 33

What is the spermatic cord?

Answer 33

serosal covering formed by the tunica vaginalis

Question 34

What are the external female genitalia?

Answer 34

- Mons pubis - Labia majora - Labia minora - Clitoris - Vagina/vulva

Question 35

What is breast tissue?

Answer 35

modified sweat glands w/ lactiferous ducts attached to lobules that produce milk

Question 36

What are coopers ligaments?

Answer 36

suspensory ligaments that help maintain structural integrity, supports breast tissue

Question 37

What are ovaries?

Answer 37

produce eggs and hormones, almond sized, contains set number of ovarian follicles

Question 38

What are ovarian follicles?

Answer 38

Oocytes surrounded by follicle cells in different stages of development

Question 39

What are the ovarian follicle stages?

Answer 39

- Primordial follicle - Primary follicle - Secondary follicle - Graafian follicle

Question 40

What is the Graafian follicle?

Answer 40

Bulges and bursts - ovulation, turns into corpus luteum

Question 41

What are the Fallopian tubes?

Answer 41

carry egg from ovary to uterus, eggs move through by cilia and muscles, most fertilization occurs here

Question 42

What are the infundibulum?

Answer 42

funnel shaped end of Fallopian tubes, has finger like fimbriae to sweep in eggs

Question 43

What is the uterus?

Answer 43

Where the fetus grows, between bladder and rectum

Question 44

What are the sections of the uterus?

Answer 44

Body Fundus Cervix

Question 45

What is the cervix?

Answer 45

cervical canal goes through it connects uterus and vagina

Question 46

What are the layers of the uterine wall?

Answer 46

Perimetrium Myometrium Endometrium

Question 47

What does the perimetrium do?

Answer 47

outer layer, visceral peritoneum

Question 48

What does the myometrium do?

Answer 48

muscle layer, contracts during childbirth

Question 49

What does the endometrium do?

Answer 49

inner layer, epithelium, embryo implants here

Question 50

What are the uterine and ovarian ligaments?

Answer 50

``` Suspensory Ovarian Broad Mesosalpinx Mesovarium Mesometrium ```

Question 51

What is the suspensory ligament?

Answer 51

Connects the ovary to the wall of the pelvis

Question 52

What is the ovarian ligament?

Answer 52

Connects the ovary to the lateral surface of the uterus

Question 53

What is the broad ligament?

Answer 53

flat sheet connects and covers internal genitelia - mesosalpinx - mesovarium - mesometrium

Question 54

What is the mesosalpinx ligament?

Answer 54

encloses Fallopian tubes

Question 55

What is the mesovarium ligament?

Answer 55

covers the surface of the ovaries

Question 56

What is the mesometrium ligament?

Answer 56

surrounds the uterus, contains the ureter

Question 57

What are the two layers of the endometrium?

Answer 57

- Stratum functionalis | - Stratum basalis

Question 58

What is the stratum functionalis?

Answer 58

next to uterine cavity, where embryo implants and gets nutrition, thickens during menstrual cycle

Question 59

What is the stratum basalts?

Answer 59

does not thicken or shed during menstruation, produces new functionalis layer

Question 60

What is the ovarian cycle?

Answer 60

changes in ovary each month, 28 days

Question 61

What is the uterine cycle?

Answer 61

changes in uterine wall each month

Question 62

What is the follicular phase?

Answer 62

First ovarian phase, FSH increase

Question 63

What is ovulation?

Answer 63

second ovarian phase, exposure of the egg, stimulated by LH

Question 64

What is the luteal phase?

Answer 64

third ovarian phase,(days 14-28), LH causes ruptured follicle to turn into corpus luteum which secretes progesterone

Question 65

What is the menstrual phase?

Answer 65

Uterine days 1-5, gonadotropins increase, menstruation occurs

Question 66

What is the proliferative phase?

Answer 66

Uterine days 6-14, endometrium thickens due to estrogen increase, ovulation on day 14

Question 67

What is the secretory phase?

Answer 67

Uterine days 15-28, progesterone causes the endometrium to secrete mucus and the cervix to become blocked

Question 68

What is FSH?

Answer 68

control the menstrual cycle and stimulates the growth of eggs in the ovaries

Question 69

What is LH?

Answer 69

helps control the menstrual cycle, It also triggers the release of an egg from the ovary

Question 70

What does the dartos muscle do?

Answer 70

expands and contracts to regulate temperature

Question 71

What does the cremaster muscle do?

Answer 71

raises and lowers the testes to keep sperm healthy

Question 72

What is the round ligament?

Answer 72

connects the uterus to the groin and pubic region to hold the uterus in place