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Human Anatomy BIO244 > Reproductive System Quiz > Flashcards

Reproductive System Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

What are the gonads?

A

Ovaries and testes

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2
Q

What do the gonads do?

A

produce gametes and sex hormones

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3
Q

What are gametes?

A

Eggs and sperm

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4
Q

What sex hormones are produced in males vs females?

A 
Males
-Testosterone
Females
-Estrogen
-Progesterone
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5
Q

What do the testes do?

A

Produce sperm and testosterone

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6
Q

Why are the testes in the scrotum and not within the body?

A

To remain cooler to preserve sperm

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7
Q

What are the segments within the testes?

A

Lobules

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8
Q

What do the lobules contain?

A

Seminiferous tubules

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9
Q

What do the seminiferous tubules lead to and what do they do?

A

They lead to the epididymis and produce sperm

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10
Q

What do interstitial cells produce?

A

Testosterone

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11
Q

What is the epididymus?

A

Comma-shaped, superior and posterolateral region of testes

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12
Q

What does the epididymus contain?

A

the coiled duct of the epididymis

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13
Q

What does the epididymis connect?

A

Seminiferous tubules to the vas deferens

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14
Q

What occurs in the epididymus?

A

Maturation and storage of sperm until ejaculation

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15
Q

What is the vas deferens?

A

Cord extending from the epididymis into the pelvic cavity, behind bladder becoming ampulla

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16
Q

What is ampulla?

A

Expansion of vas deferens

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17
Q

What forms the ejaculatory ducts?

A

The ampulla joined by the seminal vesicles

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18
Q

How do the ejaculatory ducts connect to the urethra?

A

They pass through the prostrate

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19
Q

What is a vasectomy?

A

Minimally invasive cut of the vas deferens, sperm still exists but is reabsorbed

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20
Q

What are the three regions of the urethra?

A

Prostatic
Membranous
Spongy

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21
Q

What are the paired seminal vesicles?

A

Posterior wall of bladder, 60% of semen providing nutrition, pH, and transport for sperm

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22
Q

What is the prostate gland?

A

33% of semen, prostatic and ejaculatory duct run through it, secretes into urethra

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23
Q

What are the paired bulbourethral?

A

Pea-sized glands that secrete prior to ejaculation to neutralize traces of acidic urine in urethra

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24
Q

What is sperm?

A

Germ cells that divided by meiosis, one germ=four sperm, either X or Y

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25
Q

What is the structure of a sperm cell?

A

Head, Acrosome, Midpiece, Tail

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26
Q

What does the head of a sperm cell contain?

A

22 autosomes, 1 sex chromosome

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27
Q

What is the acrosome of a sperm cell?

A

enzymes to digest into the egg

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28
Q

What does the midpiece of a sperm cell contain?

A

mitochondria to make ATP

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29
Q

What are the 3 erectile columns?

A 
Corpora cavernosa (dorsal)
Corpus spongiosum (ventral)
30
Q

What is the glands penis?

A

head of penis covered in foreskin, opening for urethra

31
Q

What is the prepuce?

A

foreskin

32
Q

What temperature is the scrotum?

A

2 degrees below body temp

33
Q

What is the spermatic cord?

A

serosal covering formed by the tunica vaginalis

34
Q

What are the external female genitalia?

A
  • Mons pubis
  • Labia majora
  • Labia minora
  • Clitoris
  • Vagina/vulva
35
Q

What is breast tissue?

A

modified sweat glands w/ lactiferous ducts attached to lobules that produce milk

36
Q

What are coopers ligaments?

A

suspensory ligaments that help maintain structural integrity, supports breast tissue

37
Q

What are ovaries?

A

produce eggs and hormones, almond sized, contains set number of ovarian follicles

38
Q

What are ovarian follicles?

A

Oocytes surrounded by follicle cells in different stages of development

39
Q

What are the ovarian follicle stages?

A
  • Primordial follicle
  • Primary follicle
  • Secondary follicle
  • Graafian follicle
40
Q

What is the Graafian follicle?

A

Bulges and bursts - ovulation, turns into corpus luteum

41
Q

What are the Fallopian tubes?

A

carry egg from ovary to uterus, eggs move through by cilia and muscles, most fertilization occurs here

42
Q

What are the infundibulum?

A

funnel shaped end of Fallopian tubes, has finger like fimbriae to sweep in eggs

43
Q

What is the uterus?

A

Where the fetus grows, between bladder and rectum

44
Q

What are the sections of the uterus?

A

Body
Fundus
Cervix

45
Q

What is the cervix?

A

cervical canal goes through it connects uterus and vagina

46
Q

What are the layers of the uterine wall?

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

47
Q

What does the perimetrium do?

A

outer layer, visceral peritoneum

48
Q

What does the myometrium do?

A

muscle layer, contracts during childbirth

49
Q

What does the endometrium do?

A

inner layer, epithelium, embryo implants here

50
Q

What are the uterine and ovarian ligaments?

A 
Suspensory
Ovarian
Broad
Mesosalpinx
Mesovarium
Mesometrium
51
Q

What is the suspensory ligament?

A

Connects the ovary to the wall of the pelvis

52
Q

What is the ovarian ligament?

A

Connects the ovary to the lateral surface of the uterus

53
Q

What is the broad ligament?

A

flat sheet connects and covers internal genitelia

  • mesosalpinx
  • mesovarium
  • mesometrium
54
Q

What is the mesosalpinx ligament?

A

encloses Fallopian tubes

55
Q

What is the mesovarium ligament?

A

covers the surface of the ovaries

56
Q

What is the mesometrium ligament?

A

surrounds the uterus, contains the ureter

57
Q

What are the two layers of the endometrium?

A
  • Stratum functionalis

- Stratum basalis

58
Q

What is the stratum functionalis?

A

next to uterine cavity, where embryo implants and gets nutrition, thickens during menstrual cycle

59
Q

What is the stratum basalts?

A

does not thicken or shed during menstruation, produces new functionalis layer

60
Q

What is the ovarian cycle?

A

changes in ovary each month, 28 days

61
Q

What is the uterine cycle?

A

changes in uterine wall each month

62
Q

What is the follicular phase?

A

First ovarian phase, FSH increase

63
Q

What is ovulation?

A

second ovarian phase, exposure of the egg, stimulated by LH

64
Q

What is the luteal phase?

A

third ovarian phase,(days 14-28), LH causes ruptured follicle to turn into corpus luteum which secretes progesterone

65
Q

What is the menstrual phase?

A

Uterine days 1-5, gonadotropins increase, menstruation occurs

66
Q

What is the proliferative phase?

A

Uterine days 6-14, endometrium thickens due to estrogen increase, ovulation on day 14

67
Q

What is the secretory phase?

A

Uterine days 15-28, progesterone causes the endometrium to secrete mucus and the cervix to become blocked

68
Q

What is FSH?

A

control the menstrual cycle and stimulates the growth of eggs in the ovaries

69
Q

What is LH?

A

helps control the menstrual cycle, It also triggers the release of an egg from the ovary

70
Q

What does the dartos muscle do?

A

expands and contracts to regulate temperature

71
Q

What does the cremaster muscle do?

A

raises and lowers the testes to keep sperm healthy

72
Q

What is the round ligament?

A

connects the uterus to the groin and pubic region to hold the uterus in place

Human Anatomy BIO244 (32 decks)

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