Reproductive System Quiz Flashcards
What are the gonads?
Ovaries and testes
What do the gonads do?
produce gametes and sex hormones
What are gametes?
Eggs and sperm
What sex hormones are produced in males vs females?
Males -Testosterone Females -Estrogen -Progesterone
What do the testes do?
Produce sperm and testosterone
Why are the testes in the scrotum and not within the body?
To remain cooler to preserve sperm
What are the segments within the testes?
Lobules
What do the lobules contain?
Seminiferous tubules
What do the seminiferous tubules lead to and what do they do?
They lead to the epididymis and produce sperm
What do interstitial cells produce?
Testosterone
What is the epididymus?
Comma-shaped, superior and posterolateral region of testes
What does the epididymus contain?
the coiled duct of the epididymis
What does the epididymis connect?
Seminiferous tubules to the vas deferens
What occurs in the epididymus?
Maturation and storage of sperm until ejaculation
What is the vas deferens?
Cord extending from the epididymis into the pelvic cavity, behind bladder becoming ampulla
What is ampulla?
Expansion of vas deferens
What forms the ejaculatory ducts?
The ampulla joined by the seminal vesicles
How do the ejaculatory ducts connect to the urethra?
They pass through the prostrate
What is a vasectomy?
Minimally invasive cut of the vas deferens, sperm still exists but is reabsorbed
What are the three regions of the urethra?
Prostatic
Membranous
Spongy
What are the paired seminal vesicles?
Posterior wall of bladder, 60% of semen providing nutrition, pH, and transport for sperm
What is the prostate gland?
33% of semen, prostatic and ejaculatory duct run through it, secretes into urethra
What are the paired bulbourethral?
Pea-sized glands that secrete prior to ejaculation to neutralize traces of acidic urine in urethra
What is sperm?
Germ cells that divided by meiosis, one germ=four sperm, either X or Y
What is the structure of a sperm cell?
Head, Acrosome, Midpiece, Tail
What does the head of a sperm cell contain?
22 autosomes, 1 sex chromosome
What is the acrosome of a sperm cell?
enzymes to digest into the egg
What does the midpiece of a sperm cell contain?
mitochondria to make ATP
What are the 3 erectile columns?
Corpora cavernosa (dorsal) Corpus spongiosum (ventral)
What is the glands penis?
head of penis covered in foreskin, opening for urethra
What is the prepuce?
foreskin
What temperature is the scrotum?
2 degrees below body temp
What is the spermatic cord?
serosal covering formed by the tunica vaginalis
What are the external female genitalia?
- Mons pubis
- Labia majora
- Labia minora
- Clitoris
- Vagina/vulva
What is breast tissue?
modified sweat glands w/ lactiferous ducts attached to lobules that produce milk
What are coopers ligaments?
suspensory ligaments that help maintain structural integrity, supports breast tissue
What are ovaries?
produce eggs and hormones, almond sized, contains set number of ovarian follicles
What are ovarian follicles?
Oocytes surrounded by follicle cells in different stages of development
What are the ovarian follicle stages?
- Primordial follicle
- Primary follicle
- Secondary follicle
- Graafian follicle
What is the Graafian follicle?
Bulges and bursts - ovulation, turns into corpus luteum
What are the Fallopian tubes?
carry egg from ovary to uterus, eggs move through by cilia and muscles, most fertilization occurs here
What are the infundibulum?
funnel shaped end of Fallopian tubes, has finger like fimbriae to sweep in eggs
What is the uterus?
Where the fetus grows, between bladder and rectum
What are the sections of the uterus?
Body
Fundus
Cervix
What is the cervix?
cervical canal goes through it connects uterus and vagina
What are the layers of the uterine wall?
Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium
What does the perimetrium do?
outer layer, visceral peritoneum
What does the myometrium do?
muscle layer, contracts during childbirth
What does the endometrium do?
inner layer, epithelium, embryo implants here
What are the uterine and ovarian ligaments?
Suspensory Ovarian Broad Mesosalpinx Mesovarium Mesometrium
What is the suspensory ligament?
Connects the ovary to the wall of the pelvis
What is the ovarian ligament?
Connects the ovary to the lateral surface of the uterus
What is the broad ligament?
flat sheet connects and covers internal genitelia
- mesosalpinx
- mesovarium
- mesometrium
What is the mesosalpinx ligament?
encloses Fallopian tubes
What is the mesovarium ligament?
covers the surface of the ovaries
What is the mesometrium ligament?
surrounds the uterus, contains the ureter
What are the two layers of the endometrium?
- Stratum functionalis
- Stratum basalis
What is the stratum functionalis?
next to uterine cavity, where embryo implants and gets nutrition, thickens during menstrual cycle
What is the stratum basalts?
does not thicken or shed during menstruation, produces new functionalis layer
What is the ovarian cycle?
changes in ovary each month, 28 days
What is the uterine cycle?
changes in uterine wall each month
What is the follicular phase?
First ovarian phase, FSH increase
What is ovulation?
second ovarian phase, exposure of the egg, stimulated by LH
What is the luteal phase?
third ovarian phase,(days 14-28), LH causes ruptured follicle to turn into corpus luteum which secretes progesterone
What is the menstrual phase?
Uterine days 1-5, gonadotropins increase, menstruation occurs
What is the proliferative phase?
Uterine days 6-14, endometrium thickens due to estrogen increase, ovulation on day 14
What is the secretory phase?
Uterine days 15-28, progesterone causes the endometrium to secrete mucus and the cervix to become blocked
What is FSH?
control the menstrual cycle and stimulates the growth of eggs in the ovaries
What is LH?
helps control the menstrual cycle, It also triggers the release of an egg from the ovary
What does the dartos muscle do?
expands and contracts to regulate temperature
What does the cremaster muscle do?
raises and lowers the testes to keep sperm healthy
What is the round ligament?
connects the uterus to the groin and pubic region to hold the uterus in place
