Nutritional Physiology Flashcards
What are the macronutrients?
Carbs
Proteins
Fats
What are the micronutrients?
Vitamins
Minerals
What are the essential nutrients?
Nutrients humans can’t synthesize (a.a.)
What is anabolism?
Uses energy to build bigger things from smaller things
What is catabolism?
Breaks down larger things into smaller things to create energy
What is hydrolysis?
The process used in catabolism to breakdown large molecules by adding water
What is dehydration synthesis?
The process used in anabolism to build larger molecules by removing the water in small ones.
What is leptin?
A hormone that tells you that you are full
What is ghrelin?
A hormone that tells you that you are hungry
What is neuropeptide Y?
Controls appetite, increased by ghrelin and decreased by leptin
What are carbs?
organic compounds that include sugars and starches, energy from their chemical bonds is used
What does excess CHO do?
Obesity
Dental caries
Nutritional deficits
What does CHO deficiency do?
Metabolic acidosis
Weight loss
What are complex CHO?
Polysaccharides:
Starch
Glycogen
What are simple CHO?
Disaccharides (milk sugar, cane sugar, beet sugar, molasses)
Monosaccharides (honey and fruits)
What does digestion do to complex CHO?
Breaks it into monosaccharides small enough to be absorbed
What is cellulose?
Complex CHO that humans can’t digest, we use it to move toxins out of our colon as it increases healthy bowel movement
What are monosaccharides that are absorbed?
Fructose, Galactose, Glucose
What is the minimum CHO intake?
130g/day
What is avg CHO intake?
200-300g/day
What are lipids?
Organic compounds including fats, oils, and fat-like substances like phospholipids and cholesterol
What do lipids do?
Supply energy and build membranes
What are the most common dietary lipids?
triglyceride
What does an excess in lipids do?
Obesity
Increased serum cholesterol
Increased risk of heart disease