Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Anatomy BIO244 > Lymphatics and Immunity Quiz > Flashcards

Lymphatics and Immunity Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

What is lymph?

A

The fluid between the cells in the body tissues carrie by lymphatic vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are lymph capillaries?

A

Close-ended tubes extending into interstitial spaces near the blood capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do lymph capillaries do?

A

receive and transport excess fluid away from the interstitial space in most tissues and return it to the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are Lacteals?

A

Special lymphatic capillaries in the lining of the small intestines that absorb digested fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does lymph move through the body?

A

Skeletal muscle contraction peaking during physical exercise, pulsations from adjacent blood vessels, and pressure changes from breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do lymph valves do?

A

Prevent back flow of lymphatic fluid, similar to veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two largest lymph vessels?

A

Right lymphatic duct and Thoracic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where does the right lymphatic duct drain lymph to the veins?

A

The right jugular vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where does the thoracic duct drain lymph to the veins?

A

junction of the left subclavian vein and left internal jugular vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How much of the bodies lymph does the thoracic duct drain/collect?

A

3/4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How much of the bodies lymph does the right lymphatic duct drain/collect?

A

1/4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the cells of the lymphatic organs?

A
  • Lymphocytes
  • Macrophages
  • Dendritic cells
  • Reticular cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What makes up lymphatic organs and tissues?

A

Reticular fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is diffuse lymphatic tissue?

A

Common in mucous membranes and glands, recognized by dense scattering dark stained nuclei within connective tissue fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where do you find large amounts of diffuse lymphatic tissue?

A
  • Peyer’s patches
  • Appendix
  • Tonsils
  • Lymphoid nodules in respiratory tract
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are tonsils?

A

Lymphatic tissue covered in mucous membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the four tonsils groups?

A
  • Pharyngeal (adenoids)
  • Palatine
  • Lingual
  • Tubal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the function of lymph nodes?

A

Filter and check the lymph for microbes/foreign material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do the cells in lymph nodes do?

A

Engulf microbes/foreign material and initiate immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where are lymph node clusters located?

A
  • Groin
  • Axillae
  • Neck
  • Pelvis
  • Abdomen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the two regions of a lymph node?

A

Capsule

Cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the structure of lymph nodes?

A

Microscopic, kidney shaped, internal framework of reticular connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are trabecular?

A

ill-defined sinuses and meshes that are filled up with lymphoid cells in different stages of development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Lymph node circulation

A
  1. Afferent (more)
  2. Cortex
  3. Medulla
  4. Efferent (less)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Functions of the spleen

A

Filters blood of foreign things, recycles RBCs, stores thrombocytes and leukocytes, fights pneumonia and meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What does white pulp in the spleen do?

A

WBC production, synthesizes antibodies, lymphocyte production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What does red pulp in the spleen do?

A

filters blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What does the spleen store for erythrocytes?

A

Stores platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What does the spleen do in fetuses?

A

Makes erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the spleen’s outer capsule make of?

A

Trabeculae

31
Q

Where is the thymus gland?

A

Anterior mediastinum, with two lobes that make it up

32
Q

What does the thymus gland do?

A

Secrete thymosin, T cells mature here, adaptive immune response

33
Q

What happens to the thymus gland with age?

A

Decreases in size

34
Q

What are Peyer’s Patches?

A

Small masses of lymphatic tissue in the ileum that monitor intestinal bacteria and prevent pathogenic bacteria growth

35
Q

Define Innate Immunity

A
  • Fights any foreign invader
  • uses enzymes
  • non specific
  • no memory
  • Immediate, first line of defense
36
Q

Define Adaptive/acquired immunity

A
  • Fights specific infection
  • Uses T and B helper cells
  • Very specific
  • Has memory
  • Takes longer to kick in
37
Q

What are the divisions of innate immunity?

A

External and internal

38
Q

What are the divisions of acquired immunity?

A

Active and Passive

39
Q

What does External defense use?

A

Physical and chemical barriers

40
Q

What does Internal defense use?

A
  1. Phagocytes (Macros and WBCs)
  2. Inflammatory reactions
  3. Fever
  4. Interferons
  5. Complement system
  6. NK cells
41
Q

What does active immunity use?

A
  1. T cells (Mafia)
  2. B cells
  3. Antigen presenting cells
42
Q

What does passive immunity use?

A

Antibodies artificially produced (vaccines), no contact with pathogen

43
Q

What is an NK cell?

A

Lymphocyte that provides rapid response around 3 days after infection, also fights cancer

44
Q

What is an interferon?

A

signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to viruses

45
Q

What is the complement system?

A

proteins and tissue fluid combine with an antigen-antibody complex to cause lysis of foreign cells

46
Q

What is the inflammatory response?

A
  • Vasodilation
  • Swelling
  • Fever
  • Redness
  • Chemotaxis
47
Q

What is chemotaxis?

A

How cells move towards the infection site

48
Q

What is humoral adaptive immunity?

A

Blood, formation of antibodies

49
Q

What is cell-mediated adaptive immunity?

A

T cell use in immunity

50
Q

What are antigenic determinants? (aka epitopes)

A

The part of an antigen that is recognized and bound to by antibodies

51
Q

What is the Major Histocompatibility Complex?

A

Genetic system identifies compatible and foreign proteins (allows transplant matching)

52
Q

What are lymphocytes?

A

Lymphatic system cells whose main purpose is to fight infection

53
Q

What are the difference between B and T lymphocytes?

A

B cells secrete antibodies

T cells fight microbes

54
Q

What are phagocytes?

A

Engulf antigens and present them to T cells

55
Q

What are memory cells?

A

Long-lived lymphocyte that has the ability to respond to antigens of identified threats in the future

56
Q

What are the five types of antibodies?

A 
IgG is the most common in blood
IgA is in secretions
IgM (first response+messenger)
IgD (unknown)
IgE (allergy)
57
Q

Antigen inactivation by antibodies is caused by:

A

Neutralization
Agglutination
Precipitation
Complement activation

58
Q

What is neutralization?

A

coating the antigen sites with antibodies

59
Q

What is agglutination?

A

groups together similar antigens

60
Q

What is precipitation?

A

reaction caused by interaction of antibody and antigen

61
Q

What are the 4 T cell types?

A

Killer T cell
Helper T cell
Suppressor T cell
Memory T cell

62
Q

What do Killer T cells do?

A

Kills antigens

63
Q

What do Helper T cells do?

A

Stimulates T and B cells

64
Q

What do Suppressor T cells do?

A

inhibits T and B cells

65
Q

What do Memory T cells do?

A

remembers antigens

66
Q

What is active immunity?

A

requires exposure for response to take place and produces antibodies

67
Q

What is passive immunity?

A

Natural
- baby getting breast milk
Artificial
- human getting antivenin for a bite

68
Q

What is Lupus?

A

systemic autoimmune disease that attacks your own body

69
Q

What is Rheumatoid arthritis?

A

chronic systemic inflammatory d/o affecting joints

70
Q

What is Grave’s disease?

A

Toxic diffuse goiter, hyperthyroidism

71
Q

What is anaphylaxis?

A

Seconds/minutes of exposure

chemical reaction shock

72
Q

What is anaphylactic shock?

A

Untreated anaphylaxis, severe tissue hypoperfusion that can lead to organ failure

73
Q

What is delayed hypersensitivity?

A

Days till reaction, cell-mediated response(instead of antibody)

  • T cells
  • Monocytes
  • Macrophages
74
Q

What is the humoral immune response?

A

Small response at first exposure

Large response at second

Human Anatomy BIO244 (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions