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Human Anatomy BIO244 > Introduction to Skeletal System > Flashcards

Introduction to Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the skeleton?

A

Support, Protection, Movement, Storage, Hematopoiesis (blood cell production)

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2
Q

What are the four types of bones?

A

Long, Short, Flat, Irregular

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3
Q

What is a bone head?

A

enlarged, often rounded, articular end of a bone

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4
Q

What is a bone tubercle?

A

small rounded process

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5
Q

What is a bone tuberosity?

A

a knob like, rough process

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6
Q

What is a bone trochanter?

A

large, rough structures, only on femur

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7
Q

What is a bone condyle?

A

a smooth rounded, articular process

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8
Q

What is a bone epicondyle?

A

a projection on or above a condyle

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9
Q

What is a bone process?

A

a bony bump or projection on a bone

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10
Q

What is a bone crest?

A

a prominent ridge

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11
Q

What is a bone line?

A

a low ridge, less prominent than a crest

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12
Q

What is a bone spine?

A

a slender, sharp process

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13
Q

What is a bone facet?

A

smooth, flat articular surface

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14
Q

What is a bone fossa?

A

a shallow groove

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15
Q

What is a bone fissure?

A

a narrow, slit-like passage way

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16
Q

What is a bone foramen?

A

a hole or opening through the bone

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17
Q

What is a bone meatus?

A

a canal or tube-like passage within a bone

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18
Q

What is a bone suture?

A

not a structure on a bone, but a line of union between bones

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19
Q

What are the major divisions of the skeleton?

A

Axial (skull, spine, thorax) Appendicular (limbs, pelvis)

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20
Q

What are the bones with sinuses?

A

Frontal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid, Maxillary

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21
Q

What are joints?

A

Points where bones are bound together and/or move against each other

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22
Q

What are articulations?

A

Bones moving against each other

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23
Q

What are the two ways to name joints?

A

According to the bones forming the joint and their greek name

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24
Q

What are the three types of joints?

A

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial

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25
What is the joint classification according to the degree of movement?
Synarthrosis, Amphiarthrosis, Diarthrosis
26
What does "Syn-" mean?
Together
27
What does "Amphi-" mean?
Both
28
What does "Dia-" mean?
Across
29
What is a fibrous joint?
Bones joined by fibrous connective tissue, little/no movement, no cavity. ex: sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses
30
What is a cartilaginous joint?
Cartilage between bones, no fluid in joint.
31
What is a synovial joint?
lots of movement, contains synovial fluid, has articular cartilage covering the ends, joint cavity and capsule, supporting ligaments
32
What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?
Synchondroses and Symphyses
33
What are synchondroses?
Bones joined by hyaline cartilage, small movements, braces the sternum and bone head
34
What are symphyses?
Bones joined by fibrocartilage, small movements, braces the vertebrae
35
What is a meniscus?
a thin fibrous cartilage between the surfaces of some joints
36
What is a bursa?
a fluid-filled sac or saclike cavity, especially one countering friction at a joint.
37
What is a tendon sheath?
a layer of synovial membrane around a tendon
38
What are the types of synovial joints?
- Ball and socket - Hinge - Plane - Saddle - Pivot - Ellipsoid
39
What is a ball and socket joint?
a joint in which the rounded surface of a bone moves within a depression on another bone, allowing greater freedom of movement than any other kind of joint.
40
What is a hinge joint?
a type of synovial joint that exists in the body and serves to allow motion primarily in one plane.
41
What is a plane joint?
joints that allow the bones to slide or rotate against each other, but the range of motion is usually slight and tightly limited by ligaments or surrounding bones.
42
What is a saddle joint?
a type of synovial joint that allow articulation by reciprocal reception. Both bones have concave-convex articular surfaces which interlock like two saddles opposed to one another.
43
What is a pivot joint?
a type of synovial joint that permit axial rotation
44
What is an ellipsoid joint?
an ovoid articular surface, or condyle that is received into an elliptical cavity. This permits movement in two planes
45
What is flexion?
a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts
46
What is extension?
a movement that increases the angle between two body parts
47
What is abduction?
a movement away from the midline – just as abducting someone is to take them away
48
What is adduction?
is a movement towards the midline
49
What is plantar flexion?
extension at the ankle, so that the foot points inferiorly. Similarly there is a term for the hand, which is palmarflexion.
50
What is dorsiflexion?
refers to flexion at the ankle, so that the foot points more superiorly.
51
What is pronation?
is the motion that moves the forearm from the supinated (anatomical) position to the pronated (palm backward) position
52
What is supination?
is the opposite motion, in which rotation of the radius returns the bones to their parallel positions and moves the palm to the anterior facing (supinated) position.
53
What is rotation?
a rotating movement going towards either the midline or away from the midline (medial/lateral)
54
What is circumduction?
the movement of a body region in a circular manner, in which one end of the body region being moved stays relatively stationary while the other end describes a circle
55
What is gliding?
Movement of one surface over another without angular or rotatory movement
56
What is hyperextension?
is an excessive joint movement in which the angle formed by the bones of a particular joint is opened, or straightened, beyond its normal, healthy, range of motion.
57
What is eversion?
the movement of the sole away from the median plane – so that the sole faces in a lateral direction.
58
What is inversion?
the movement of the sole towards the median plane – so that the sole faces in a medial direction.
59
What is opposition?
is the thumb movement that brings the tip of the thumb in contact with the tip of a finger
60
What is protraction?
describes the anterolateral movement of the scapula on the thoracic wall that allows the shoulder to move anteriorly. In practice, this is the movement of ‘reaching out’ to something.
61
What is retraction?
refers to the posteromedial movement of the scapula on the thoracic wall, which causes the shoulder region to move posteriorly i.e. picking something up.
62
What is elevation?
to movement in a superior direction
63
What is depression?
to movement in an inferior direction.
64
What is osteoarthritis?
A type of arthritis that occurs when flexible tissue at the ends of bones wears down.
65
What is Rheumatoid arthritis?
he body's immune system attacks its own tissue, including joints and degrading them
66
What is bursitis?
Inflammation of the fluid-filled pads (bursae) that act as cushions at the joints.

Human Anatomy BIO244 (32 decks)

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