Integumentary System

Question 1

What does the integumentary system contain?

Answer 1

Skin, accessory structures

Question 2

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

Answer 2

Protection, sensation, temperature regulation, excretion

Question 3

What are the three layers of skin?

Answer 3

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis (subcutaneous)

Question 4

What is the epidermis?

Answer 4

Top layer of skin, mainly keratinocytes, relatively thin

Question 5

What are keratinocytes?

Answer 5

cells that multiply at the bottom layer of the epidermis and as they move up in the layers become more and more filled with keratin until they die

Question 6

What are the layers of the epidermal epithelium?

Answer 6

Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum, gransulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

Question 7

What is the stratum corneum?

Answer 7

Thich, outer, dead keratin-filled cells, waterproof, falls off

Question 8

What is the stratum lucidum?

Answer 8

palms and soles, clear layer

Question 9

What is the stratum granulosum?

Answer 9

keratin granules in cells, cells die and flatten

Question 10

What is the stratum spinosum?

Answer 10

Spiny, keratin fibers form

Question 11

What is the stratum basale?

Answer 11

dividing cells, single later, melanocytes

Question 12

What are the three skin cancers?

Answer 12

Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma

Question 13

What is basal cell carcinoma?

Answer 13

dome shape, pearly flesh colored piple that doesnt go away, most common

Question 14

What is squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 14

flat reddish brown patch of skin, uv rays, can spread to other cells, second most common

Question 15

What is melanoma?

Answer 15

most dangerous and aggressive, melanocyte cancer

Question 16

What is a first-degree burn?

Answer 16

mild reddening of epidermis

Question 17

What is a second-degree burn?

Answer 17

partial thickness, epidermis and dermis, pain, swelling, redness

Question 18

What is a third-degree burn?

Answer 18

full thickness, through the dermis, charred skin that numbs

Question 19

What is the rule of 9s?

Answer 19

division of the body in percentages of 9%

Question 20

What is the difference between a full thickness and a split thickness skin graft?

Answer 20

full thickness is a full piece of skin while split thickness is a divided piece of skin to make up for a larger area

Question 21

What is the dermis?

Answer 21

dense irregular connective tissue, vascular, accessory structures

Question 22

What accessory structures are in the dermis?

Answer 22

hair follicles, nerve endings, sensory receptors, glands, blood vessels and lymph vessels

Question 23

What are the two principle layers of the dermis?

Answer 23

papillary and reticular

Question 24

What is the papillary layer of the dermis?

Answer 24

20% of dermis, papillae extend into epidermis

Question 25

What is the reticular layer of the dermis?

Answer 25

80% of dermis, accessory structures reside here

Question 26

What is subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)?

Answer 26

not skin, loose connective, contains adipose tissue

Question 27

What makes up hair?

Answer 27

epithelial tissue, root and shaft

Question 28

What are melanocytes?

Answer 28

cells that produce color

Question 29

What does the arrector pili muscle do? (more in furred creatures.)

Answer 29

warmth

Question 30

What two gland types are in the integument?

Answer 30

sweat, sebaceous

Question 31

What is the sebaceous gland?

Answer 31

secretes into hair follicle, oils

Question 32

What are the two types of sweat glands?

Answer 32

merocrine, apocrine

Question 33

What are the five main portions of the nail?

Answer 33

root, body, bed, matrix, cuticle

Question 34

What is the difference between general and special senses?

Answer 34

receptors over a large part of the body vs localized receptors

Question 35

What are general senses?

Answer 35

pain, touch, pressure, heat, stretch

Question 36

What are special senses?

Answer 36

eyes, ears, smell, taste

Question 37

What are free nerve endings?

Answer 37

pain, cold, heat

Question 38

What are Merkel cells?

Answer 38

touch, superficial pressure

Question 39

What are hair follicle receptors?

Answer 39

light touch, light bending of hair

Question 40

What are pacinian corpuscle?

Answer 40

straight dendrite, deep in dermis, deep pressure and vibration

Question 41

What is Meissner's corpuscle?

Answer 41

coiled, just beneath epidermis, two-point discrimination

Question 42

What are ruffini endings?

Answer 42

"spray" of dendrites, deep, continuous pressure and stretched skin

Question 43

What is a muscle spindle?

Answer 43

monitors muscle stretch

Question 44

What is a golgi tendon organ?

Answer 44

monitors tendon stretch