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Human Anatomy BIO244 > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the integumentary system contain?

A

Skin, accessory structures

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2
Q

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

A

Protection, sensation, temperature regulation, excretion

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3
Q

What are the three layers of skin?

A

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis (subcutaneous)

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4
Q

What is the epidermis?

A

Top layer of skin, mainly keratinocytes, relatively thin

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5
Q

What are keratinocytes?

A

cells that multiply at the bottom layer of the epidermis and as they move up in the layers become more and more filled with keratin until they die

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6
Q

What are the layers of the epidermal epithelium?

A

Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum, gransulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

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7
Q

What is the stratum corneum?

A

Thich, outer, dead keratin-filled cells, waterproof, falls off

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8
Q

What is the stratum lucidum?

A

palms and soles, clear layer

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9
Q

What is the stratum granulosum?

A

keratin granules in cells, cells die and flatten

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10
Q

What is the stratum spinosum?

A

Spiny, keratin fibers form

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11
Q

What is the stratum basale?

A

dividing cells, single later, melanocytes

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12
Q

What are the three skin cancers?

A

Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma

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13
Q

What is basal cell carcinoma?

A

dome shape, pearly flesh colored piple that doesnt go away, most common

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14
Q

What is squamous cell carcinoma?

A

flat reddish brown patch of skin, uv rays, can spread to other cells, second most common

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15
Q

What is melanoma?

A

most dangerous and aggressive, melanocyte cancer

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16
Q

What is a first-degree burn?

A

mild reddening of epidermis

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17
Q

What is a second-degree burn?

A

partial thickness, epidermis and dermis, pain, swelling, redness

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18
Q

What is a third-degree burn?

A

full thickness, through the dermis, charred skin that numbs

19
Q

What is the rule of 9s?

A

division of the body in percentages of 9%

20
Q

What is the difference between a full thickness and a split thickness skin graft?

A

full thickness is a full piece of skin while split thickness is a divided piece of skin to make up for a larger area

21
Q

What is the dermis?

A

dense irregular connective tissue, vascular, accessory structures

22
Q

What accessory structures are in the dermis?

A

hair follicles, nerve endings, sensory receptors, glands, blood vessels and lymph vessels

23
Q

What are the two principle layers of the dermis?

A

papillary and reticular

24
Q

What is the papillary layer of the dermis?

A

20% of dermis, papillae extend into epidermis

25
Q

What is the reticular layer of the dermis?

A

80% of dermis, accessory structures reside here

26
Q

What is subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)?

A

not skin, loose connective, contains adipose tissue

27
Q

What makes up hair?

A

epithelial tissue, root and shaft

28
Q

What are melanocytes?

A

cells that produce color

29
Q

What does the arrector pili muscle do? (more in furred creatures.)

A

warmth

30
Q

What two gland types are in the integument?

A

sweat, sebaceous

31
Q

What is the sebaceous gland?

A

secretes into hair follicle, oils

32
Q

What are the two types of sweat glands?

A

merocrine, apocrine

33
Q

What are the five main portions of the nail?

A

root, body, bed, matrix, cuticle

34
Q

What is the difference between general and special senses?

A

receptors over a large part of the body vs localized receptors

35
Q

What are general senses?

A

pain, touch, pressure, heat, stretch

36
Q

What are special senses?

A

eyes, ears, smell, taste

37
Q

What are free nerve endings?

A

pain, cold, heat

38
Q

What are Merkel cells?

A

touch, superficial pressure

39
Q

What are hair follicle receptors?

A

light touch, light bending of hair

40
Q

What are pacinian corpuscle?

A

straight dendrite, deep in dermis, deep pressure and vibration

41
Q

What is Meissner’s corpuscle?

A

coiled, just beneath epidermis, two-point discrimination

42
Q

What are ruffini endings?

A

“spray” of dendrites, deep, continuous pressure and stretched skin

43
Q

What is a muscle spindle?

A

monitors muscle stretch

44
Q

What is a golgi tendon organ?

A

monitors tendon stretch

Human Anatomy BIO244 (32 decks)

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