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Human Anatomy BIO244 > Heart - Blood - Major Vessels > Flashcards

Heart - Blood - Major Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the cardiovascular system

A

deliver oxygen, hormones, and nutrients and disposing of waste and immunity

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2
Q

Structures of the cardiovascular system

A

heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, blood

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3
Q

What are the two circuits of circulation?

A

pulmonary and systemic

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4
Q

Layers of heart tissue

A

endocardium, myocardium, epicardium

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5
Q

What do the atria do?

A

receiving chambers of the heart, have the auricles

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6
Q

What do the ventricles do?

A

pump blood out of the heart

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7
Q

What do the semi-lunar valves do?

A

determine the passage of blood between the ventricles and the main arteries

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8
Q

What do the atrioventricular valves do?

A

close to prevent blood from flowing back into the atria

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9
Q

Describe the blood flow of the heart

A

Blood leaves the heart through the pulmonic valve, into the pulmonary artery and to the lungs. Blood leaves the heart through the aortic valve, into the aorta and to the body

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10
Q

What does the Sinoatrial node do?

A

node sends an impulse into the atria to pump

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11
Q

What does the Atrioventricular node do?

A

node sends an impulse into the ventricles to pump

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12
Q

Describe the electrical cardiac cycle

A

Cardiac contraction is initiated in the excitable cells of the sinoatrial (SA) node by both spontaneous depolarization and sympathetic activity

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13
Q

What are the tunics of blood vessels?

A

tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa

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14
Q

How are arteries and veins different?

A

Arteries have thick walls composed of three distinct layers (tunica) Veins have thin walls but typically have wider lumen

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15
Q

What is the carotid sinus?

A

the major baroreception site of the body

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16
Q

Where is the carotid sinus?

A

on the internal jugular artery

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17
Q

What does the IJV drain?

A

the brain

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18
Q

What does the EJV drain?

A

the face

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19
Q

What does the AJV drain?

A

the anterior neck

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20
Q

What does the azygos vein drain?

A

the posterior walls of the thorax and abdomen

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21
Q

What is in the posterior mediastinum?

A

great vessels, esophagus, thoracic duct, sympathetic trunks

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22
Q

What supplies the foregut?

A

celiac trunk

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23
Q

What supplies the midgut?

A

SMA

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24
Q

What supplies the hindgut?

A

IMA

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25
Q

What does the celiac trunk break into?

A

Left gastric artery, splenic artery, common hepatic artery

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26
Q

What is the hepatic portal system?

A

the venous system that returns blood from the digestive tract and spleen to the liver

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27
Q

What is supplied by the SMA?

A

middle colic, right colic, ileocolic

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28
Q

What supplies the cecum?

A

iliocolic artery

29
Q

What is supplied by the IMA?

A

left colic, sigmoidal, superior rectal

30
Q

What supplies the ascending colon?

A

right colic artery

31
Q

What supplies the descending colon?

A

left colic artery

32
Q

What supplies the transverse colon?

A

middle colic artery

33
Q

What supplies the sigmoid colon?

A

sigmoid artery

34
Q

What supplies the rectum?

A

superior rectal artery

35
Q

What are the suprarenal glands supplied by?

A

inferior, middle, and superior suprarenal arteries

36
Q

What supplies the pelvis?

A

internal iliac artery

37
Q

What surrounds the axillary artery?

A

between medial and lateral cords

38
Q

Why is anastomosis good?

A

it allows for collateral blood flow

39
Q

What does the cephalic vein drain?

A

the radial part of the hand, forearm and arm

40
Q

What artery feeds the superficial palmar arch?

A

ulnar artery

41
Q

What artery feeds the deep palmar arch?

A

radial artery

42
Q

What are the three centrifuge layers of blood?

A

plasma, white, red

43
Q

What does a centrifuge diagnostic test show?

A

volume of of RBC in blood

44
Q

Why do guys have more RBCs?

A

higher androgen/EPO production

45
Q

What is blood plasma?

A

91% water, 9% assorted substances

46
Q

What are the proteins in plasma?

A

transport proteins, enzymes, albumin (60%), clotting proteins, hormones, antibodies, antimicrobial proteins. TEACH AandP

47
Q

What are the three formed element classes?

A

Erythrocytes, Thrombocytes, Leukocytes

48
Q

Describe RBCs?

A

biconcave, anucleate,

49
Q

What is blood oxygen level called?

A

02 Sat

50
Q

What is Carbon Dioxide Transport?

A

water breaks CO2 into bicarbonate HCO3

51
Q

What does erythrocyte production require?

A

iron, vitamin b 12, heme, folate

52
Q

What stimulates erythrocyte production?

A

hypoxia causes EPO release in kidneys, which stimulates RBC production in bone marrow

53
Q

What happens to erythrocytes when they die?

A

destroyed in lymph nodes and spleen and recycled

54
Q

What are the three major groups of anemia?

A

blood loss, excessive destruction of RBCs, and limited production of RBCs

55
Q

What are the two major groups of leukocytes?

A

granulocytes and agranulocytes

56
Q

What are the three groups of granulocytes?

A

basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils

57
Q

What are the two groups of agranulocytes?

A

lymphocytes, monocytes

58
Q

What are basophils?

A

0.5%, causes inflammation, releases histamine and heparin

59
Q

What are eosinophils?

A

1-4%, Big, fight cancer and parasites

60
Q

What are neutrophils?

A

60-70%, antimicrobial substances, attacks

61
Q

What do granules do?

A

tiny sacs containing enzymes used to defend against pathogens, destroy cells, and reduce inflammation

62
Q

What are lymphocytes?

A

20-25%, fight infection, no granules, B and T cells

63
Q

What are monocytes?

A

2-10%, no granules, become macrophages

64
Q

What are platelets?

A

sticky cells used in clotting that live around 10 days

65
Q

What are the steps of hemostasis?

A

vascular spasms, platelet plug formation, coagulation

66
Q

What are hemostasis disorders?

A

thrombus, embolism, embolus, thrombocytopenia

67
Q

What is a thrombus?

A

a blood clot that occurs inside the vascular system

68
Q

What is an embolism?

A

A sudden blocking of an artery.

69
Q

What is an embolus?

A

A sudden blocking of an artery.

Human Anatomy BIO244 (32 decks)

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