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Human Anatomy BIO244 > Respiratory Physiology > Flashcards

Respiratory Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

How thin are alveolar walls?

A

< 1 micrometer

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2
Q

What are alveolar walls made of?

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

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3
Q

What is the surface area of the alveoli?

A

35 times the surface area of the body

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4
Q

What is the bifurcation of the trachea called?

A

Carina

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5
Q

How many lobes and BP does the left lung have?

A

2 lobes

9 BP

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6
Q

How many lobes and BP does the right lung have?

A

3 lobes

10 BP

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7
Q

What do autonomics do?

A

Control bronchoconstriction/dilation

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8
Q

What does the pulmonary plexus include?

A

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Sensory innervation

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9
Q

What is does the Vagus nerve do?

A

parasympathetics

bronchocontriction

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10
Q

What does the sympathetic trunk do?

A

Sympathetics

bronchodilator

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11
Q

What is the role of acetylcholine in autonomics?

A

Pre and post-ganglionic cholinergic receptors that react to acetylcholine

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12
Q

What regulates respiration?

A

PNC Pneumotaxis center Pons

DRG/VRG Medulla

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13
Q

What are chemoreceptors sensitive to?

A

Pco2 and Po2 and pH of blood/cerebrospinal fluid

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14
Q

Baroreceptors role?

A

Blood pressure change detection

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15
Q

Respiratory centers influences?

A

Glossopharyngeal IX

Vagus X

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16
Q

Where are the chemoreceptors of the Glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Carotid bodies

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17
Q

Where are the chemoreceptors of the Vagus nerve?

A

Aortic body

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18
Q

Where are the baroreceptors of the Vagus nerve?

A

Carotid sinus

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19
Q

Where are the baroreceptors of the Glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Aortic Sinus

20
Q

What is the Hering-Breuer reflex?

A

Inflation, prevents over expansion

Deflation, inhibits over expiration

21
Q

What is hypercapnia?

A

High blood carbon dioxide

22
Q

What is hypocapnia?

A

Low blood carbon dioxide

23
Q

What are the most important respiratory muscles?

A

Diaphragm

External intercostal

24
Q

What does the internal intercostal muscle do?

A

Depress the ribs

25
What is Boyle's law?
Defines the relationship between gas pressure and volume P= 1/V
26
What is surfactant and what does it do?
Oily secretion, contains phospholipids and proteins that coat the alveoli and reduce surface tension
27
What are the three layers of the alveolar wall?
1 Squamous epithelium of alveolus 2 Endothelial cells of the capillary 3 Fused basal laminae between the two
28
How many bronchial arteries?
2 on left | 1 on right
29
What is the blood pressure in the pulmonary circuit?
30 mm Hg
30
What is compliance of the lung?
Indicator of expandability, low compliance means more breathing force needed
31
What affects compliance?
1 Connective-tissue structure 2 Level of surfactant 3 Mobility of thoracic cage
32
What is atmospheric pressure at sea level?
1 atm = 760 mm Hg
33
What is intrapulmonary pressure?
Slightly different from Patm | +/- 1 mm Hg
34
What is intrapleural pressure?
-4 mm Hg Avg. Max of -18 Has to remain below Patm to keep the lungs from collapsing
35
What is tidal volume?
Volume of air moved per breath
36
How does fetal hemoglobin differ?
Binds Hb better
37
What are pulmonary vessels and lungs doing before birth?
Collapsed
38
What is pneumothorax?
Allows air into pleural cavity
39
What is atelectasis?
Collapsed lung, result of pneumonia thorax
40
Which neurotransmitter is released by the post ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system innervating the bronchial tubes?
acetylcholine
41
Which type of neurotransmitter receptor is between the post ganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system and the bronchial tubes?
adrenergic
42
Which specific nerve carries the parasympathetics to the bronchial tubes?
vagus (or cyon)
43
The chemoreceptors in the carotid body send information to the brainstem via which nerve?
glossopharyngeal CN IX
44
The baroreceptors in the aortic body send information to the brainstem via which nerve?
vagus CN X
45
Which neurotransmitter receptor is between the post ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system and the bronchial tubes?
cholinergic muscarinic
46
Which type of neurotransmitter is released by the post ganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system and the bronchial tubes?
norepinephrine/noradrenaline

Human Anatomy BIO244 (32 decks)

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