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Human Anatomy BIO244 > Respiratory Physiology > Flashcards

Respiratory Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

How thin are alveolar walls?

A

< 1 micrometer

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2
Q

What are alveolar walls made of?

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

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3
Q

What is the surface area of the alveoli?

A

35 times the surface area of the body

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4
Q

What is the bifurcation of the trachea called?

A

Carina

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5
Q

How many lobes and BP does the left lung have?

A

2 lobes

9 BP

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6
Q

How many lobes and BP does the right lung have?

A

3 lobes

10 BP

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7
Q

What do autonomics do?

A

Control bronchoconstriction/dilation

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8
Q

What does the pulmonary plexus include?

A

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Sensory innervation

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9
Q

What is does the Vagus nerve do?

A

parasympathetics

bronchocontriction

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10
Q

What does the sympathetic trunk do?

A

Sympathetics

bronchodilator

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11
Q

What is the role of acetylcholine in autonomics?

A

Pre and post-ganglionic cholinergic receptors that react to acetylcholine

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12
Q

What regulates respiration?

A

PNC Pneumotaxis center Pons

DRG/VRG Medulla

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13
Q

What are chemoreceptors sensitive to?

A

Pco2 and Po2 and pH of blood/cerebrospinal fluid

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14
Q

Baroreceptors role?

A

Blood pressure change detection

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15
Q

Respiratory centers influences?

A

Glossopharyngeal IX

Vagus X

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16
Q

Where are the chemoreceptors of the Glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Carotid bodies

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17
Q

Where are the chemoreceptors of the Vagus nerve?

A

Aortic body

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18
Q

Where are the baroreceptors of the Vagus nerve?

A

Carotid sinus

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19
Q

Where are the baroreceptors of the Glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Aortic Sinus

20
Q

What is the Hering-Breuer reflex?

A

Inflation, prevents over expansion

Deflation, inhibits over expiration

21
Q

What is hypercapnia?

A

High blood carbon dioxide

22
Q

What is hypocapnia?

A

Low blood carbon dioxide

23
Q

What are the most important respiratory muscles?

A

Diaphragm

External intercostal

24
Q

What does the internal intercostal muscle do?

A

Depress the ribs

25
Q

What is Boyle’s law?

A

Defines the relationship between gas pressure and volume P= 1/V

26
Q

What is surfactant and what does it do?

A

Oily secretion, contains phospholipids and proteins that coat the alveoli and reduce surface tension

27
Q

What are the three layers of the alveolar wall?

A

1 Squamous epithelium of alveolus
2 Endothelial cells of the capillary
3 Fused basal laminae between the two

28
Q

How many bronchial arteries?

A

2 on left

1 on right

29
Q

What is the blood pressure in the pulmonary circuit?

A

30 mm Hg

30
Q

What is compliance of the lung?

A

Indicator of expandability, low compliance means more breathing force needed

31
Q

What affects compliance?

A

1 Connective-tissue structure
2 Level of surfactant
3 Mobility of thoracic cage

32
Q

What is atmospheric pressure at sea level?

A

1 atm = 760 mm Hg

33
Q

What is intrapulmonary pressure?

A

Slightly different from Patm

+/- 1 mm Hg

34
Q

What is intrapleural pressure?

A

-4 mm Hg Avg.
Max of -18
Has to remain below Patm to keep the lungs from collapsing

35
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

Volume of air moved per breath

36
Q

How does fetal hemoglobin differ?

A

Binds Hb better

37
Q

What are pulmonary vessels and lungs doing before birth?

A

Collapsed

38
Q

What is pneumothorax?

A

Allows air into pleural cavity

39
Q

What is atelectasis?

A

Collapsed lung, result of pneumonia thorax

40
Q

Which neurotransmitter is released by the post ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system innervating the bronchial tubes?

A

acetylcholine

41
Q

Which type of neurotransmitter receptor is between the post ganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system and the bronchial tubes?

A

adrenergic

42
Q

Which specific nerve carries the parasympathetics to the bronchial tubes?

A

vagus (or cyon)

43
Q

The chemoreceptors in the carotid body send information to the brainstem via which nerve?

A

glossopharyngeal CN IX

44
Q

The baroreceptors in the aortic body send information to the brainstem via which nerve?

A

vagus CN X

45
Q

Which neurotransmitter receptor is between the post ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system and the bronchial tubes?

A

cholinergic muscarinic

46
Q

Which type of neurotransmitter is released by the post ganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system and the bronchial tubes?

A

norepinephrine/noradrenaline

Human Anatomy BIO244 (32 decks)

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