Unit 9 - Congenital Heart Defects Flashcards
CHD:
- defects in the _____ or _____ _____
- results from an alteration in _____ fetal development or persistence of a fetal structure that does not convert to _____ anatomy after birth
- _____ in every 1,000 live births
- more than _____ types documented
- deaths have declined; _____ newborns with defects survive to adulthood
- defects in the heart or great vessels
- results from an alteration in normal fetal development or persistence of a fetal structure that does not convert to extrauterine anatomy after birth
- 8 in every 1,000 live births
- more than 35 types documented
- deaths have declined; 85% newborns with defects survive to adulthood
Fetal circulation:
cardiogenesis begins at approximately _____ weeks gestation
3
Fetal circulation:
the heart arises from the _____
mesenchyme
Fetal circulation:
The heart arises from the mesenchyme:
- develops as an _____ _____ _____ with a large lumen and muscular wall
- _____ grows faster than ends
enlarged blood vessel
midsection
Fetal circulation:
The heart tube elongates and rotates to the _____, creating a _____ loop
right
bulboventricular
Fetal circulation:
Fetal heart contractions begin by approximately the _____ _____
28th day
Fetal circulation:
the developing fetus has speacil circulatory needs because their lungs, kidneys, and digestive tracts are _____
non-functional
Fetal circulation:
the fetus derives it’s oxygen and nutrients and eliminates its waste through the maternal blood supply by way of the _____
placenta
Fetal circulation:
normally there is no fetal/maternal blood mixing: the fetus is dependent of _____ _____
capillary exchange
Ductus venousus is between _____ vein and _____ _____ _____ (bypass the _____)
umbilical vein and inferior vena cava
liver
Foramen ovale (bypass the _____)
lungs
ductus arteriousus (bypasses the _____)
lungs
Circulation after Birth:
placenta (_____)
delivered
Circulation after Birth:
umbilical vein atrophy (_____ ligament)
round
Circulation after Birth:
ductus venousus (atrophy about _____ wk. ligamentum _____)
1 wk
venosum
Circulation after Birth:
Foramen ovalae (fossa ovale about _____ month)
1
Circulation after Birth:
Ductus arteriousus (atrophy: _____ wks ligamentum _____)
3
arteriousum
Circulation after Birth:
umbilical arteries: (atriphy: become _____ umbilical ligaments)
lateral
Septal defect - most common type occurs between _____, _____ sides of heart
left, right
Septal defect
Patent ductus arteriosus: occurs between the _____ _____
great arteries
Patent ductus arteriosis:
- blood shunts from _____ heart to _____ heart
- _____ amount of blood pumped to the lungs
- child will demonstrate _____ _____ _____ symptoms
- _____ _____ _____ develops
- left to right
- increases
- congestive heart failure
- right ventricular hypertrophy
_____ _____ often first indication of congenital heart defect
heart murmur
Describe heart murmur:
blood flowing with high pressure or through a shunt
loud murmur
Assessment:
- presence of _____
- mother’s _____ and _____ experience
- _____ assessment
- _____ assessment
- murmor
- prenatal and antepartum
- physiological assessment
- psychosocial assessment
Defect that increases pulmonary blood flow:
- _____ fluid volume
- ineffective infant _____ pattern
- risk for _____
- interrupted _____ processes
- excess fluid volume
- ineffective infant feeding pattern
- risk for infection
- interrupted family processes
Defect that decreases pulmonary blood flow:
- _____ cardiac output
- risk for _____
- _____ role strain
- activity _____
- _____ growth and development
- decreased cardiac output
- risk for infection
- caregiver role strain
- activity intolerance
- delayed growth and development
Following cardiac surgery:
- _____ breathing pattern
- _____ pain
- risk for imbalance _____
- risk for _____
ineffective
acute
fluid volume
infection
Primary goal is to…
support perfusion
Patients should have a _____ increase in activity
gradual
