Unit 9 - Congenital Heart Defects

Question 1

CHD:

• defects in the _____ or _____ _____
• results from an alteration in _____ fetal development or persistence of a fetal structure that does not convert to _____ anatomy after birth
• _____ in every 1,000 live births
• more than _____ types documented
• deaths have declined; _____ newborns with defects survive to adulthood

Answer 1

• defects in the heart or great vessels
• results from an alteration in normal fetal development or persistence of a fetal structure that does not convert to extrauterine anatomy after birth
• 8 in every 1,000 live births
• more than 35 types documented
• deaths have declined; 85% newborns with defects survive to adulthood

Question 2

Fetal circulation:

cardiogenesis begins at approximately _____ weeks gestation

Answer 2

3

Question 3

Fetal circulation:

the heart arises from the _____

Answer 3

mesenchyme

Question 4

Fetal circulation:

The heart arises from the mesenchyme:

• develops as an _____ _____ _____ with a large lumen and muscular wall
• _____ grows faster than ends

Answer 4

enlarged blood vessel

midsection

Question 5

Fetal circulation:

The heart tube elongates and rotates to the _____, creating a _____ loop

Answer 5

right

bulboventricular

Question 6

Fetal circulation:

Fetal heart contractions begin by approximately the _____ _____

Answer 6

28th day

Question 7

Fetal circulation:

the developing fetus has speacil circulatory needs because their lungs, kidneys, and digestive tracts are _____

Answer 7

non-functional

Question 8

Fetal circulation:

the fetus derives it’s oxygen and nutrients and eliminates its waste through the maternal blood supply by way of the _____

Answer 8

placenta

Question 9

Fetal circulation:

normally there is no fetal/maternal blood mixing: the fetus is dependent of _____ _____

Answer 9

capillary exchange

Question 10

Ductus venousus is between _____ vein and _____ _____ _____ (bypass the _____)

Answer 10

umbilical vein and inferior vena cava

liver

Question 11

Foramen ovale (bypass the _____)

Answer 11

lungs

Question 12

ductus arteriousus (bypasses the _____)

Answer 12

lungs

Question 13

Circulation after Birth:

placenta (_____)

Answer 13

delivered

Question 14

Circulation after Birth:

umbilical vein atrophy (_____ ligament)

Answer 14

round

Question 15

Circulation after Birth:

ductus venousus (atrophy about _____ wk. ligamentum _____)

Answer 15

1 wk

venosum

Question 16

Circulation after Birth:

Foramen ovalae (fossa ovale about _____ month)

Answer 16

1

Question 17

Circulation after Birth:

Ductus arteriousus (atrophy: _____ wks ligamentum _____)

Answer 17

3

arteriousum

Question 18

Circulation after Birth:

umbilical arteries: (atriphy: become _____ umbilical ligaments)

Answer 18

lateral

Question 19

Septal defect - most common type occurs between _____, _____ sides of heart

Answer 19

left, right

Question 20

Septal defect

Patent ductus arteriosus: occurs between the _____ _____

Answer 20

great arteries

Question 21

Patent ductus arteriosis:

• blood shunts from _____ heart to _____ heart
• _____ amount of blood pumped to the lungs
• child will demonstrate _____ _____ _____ symptoms
• _____ _____ _____ develops

Answer 21

• left to right
• increases
• congestive heart failure
• right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 22

_____ _____ often first indication of congenital heart defect

Answer 22

heart murmur

Question 23

Describe heart murmur:

blood flowing with high pressure or through a shunt

Answer 23

loud murmur

Question 24

Assessment:

• presence of _____
• mother’s _____ and _____ experience
• _____ assessment
• _____ assessment

Answer 24

• murmor
• prenatal and antepartum
• physiological assessment
• psychosocial assessment

Question 25

Defect that increases pulmonary blood flow:

• _____ fluid volume
• ineffective infant _____ pattern
• risk for _____
• interrupted _____ processes

Answer 25

• excess fluid volume
• ineffective infant feeding pattern
• risk for infection
• interrupted family processes

Question 26

Defect that decreases pulmonary blood flow:

• _____ cardiac output
• risk for _____
• _____ role strain
• activity _____
• _____ growth and development

Answer 26

• decreased cardiac output
• risk for infection
• caregiver role strain
• activity intolerance
• delayed growth and development

Question 27

Following cardiac surgery:

• _____ breathing pattern
• _____ pain
• risk for imbalance _____
• risk for _____

Answer 27

ineffective
acute
fluid volume
infection

Question 28

Primary goal is to…

Answer 28

support perfusion

Question 29

Patients should have a _____ increase in activity

Answer 29

gradual