Unit 9 - Congenital Heart Defects Flashcards

1
Q

CHD:

  • defects in the _____ or _____ _____
  • results from an alteration in _____ fetal development or persistence of a fetal structure that does not convert to _____ anatomy after birth
  • _____ in every 1,000 live births
  • more than _____ types documented
  • deaths have declined; _____ newborns with defects survive to adulthood
A
  • defects in the heart or great vessels
  • results from an alteration in normal fetal development or persistence of a fetal structure that does not convert to extrauterine anatomy after birth
  • 8 in every 1,000 live births
  • more than 35 types documented
  • deaths have declined; 85% newborns with defects survive to adulthood
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2
Q

Fetal circulation:

cardiogenesis begins at approximately _____ weeks gestation

A

3

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3
Q

Fetal circulation:

the heart arises from the _____

A

mesenchyme

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4
Q

Fetal circulation:

The heart arises from the mesenchyme:

  • develops as an _____ _____ _____ with a large lumen and muscular wall
  • _____ grows faster than ends
A

enlarged blood vessel

midsection

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5
Q

Fetal circulation:

The heart tube elongates and rotates to the _____, creating a _____ loop

A

right

bulboventricular

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6
Q

Fetal circulation:

Fetal heart contractions begin by approximately the _____ _____

A

28th day

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7
Q

Fetal circulation:

the developing fetus has speacil circulatory needs because their lungs, kidneys, and digestive tracts are _____

A

non-functional

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8
Q

Fetal circulation:

the fetus derives it’s oxygen and nutrients and eliminates its waste through the maternal blood supply by way of the _____

A

placenta

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9
Q

Fetal circulation:

normally there is no fetal/maternal blood mixing: the fetus is dependent of _____ _____

A

capillary exchange

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10
Q

Ductus venousus is between _____ vein and _____ _____ _____ (bypass the _____)

A

umbilical vein and inferior vena cava

liver

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11
Q

Foramen ovale (bypass the _____)

A

lungs

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12
Q

ductus arteriousus (bypasses the _____)

A

lungs

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13
Q

Circulation after Birth:

placenta (_____)

A

delivered

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14
Q

Circulation after Birth:

umbilical vein atrophy (_____ ligament)

A

round

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15
Q

Circulation after Birth:

ductus venousus (atrophy about _____ wk. ligamentum _____)

A

1 wk

venosum

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16
Q

Circulation after Birth:

Foramen ovalae (fossa ovale about _____ month)

17
Q

Circulation after Birth:

Ductus arteriousus (atrophy: _____ wks ligamentum _____)

A

3

arteriousum

18
Q

Circulation after Birth:

umbilical arteries: (atriphy: become _____ umbilical ligaments)

19
Q

Septal defect - most common type occurs between _____, _____ sides of heart

A

left, right

20
Q

Septal defect

Patent ductus arteriosus: occurs between the _____ _____

A

great arteries

21
Q

Patent ductus arteriosis:

  • blood shunts from _____ heart to _____ heart
  • _____ amount of blood pumped to the lungs
  • child will demonstrate _____ _____ _____ symptoms
  • _____ _____ _____ develops
A
  • left to right
  • increases
  • congestive heart failure
  • right ventricular hypertrophy
22
Q

_____ _____ often first indication of congenital heart defect

A

heart murmur

23
Q

Describe heart murmur:

blood flowing with high pressure or through a shunt

A

loud murmur

24
Q

Assessment:

  • presence of _____
  • mother’s _____ and _____ experience
  • _____ assessment
  • _____ assessment
A
  • murmor
  • prenatal and antepartum
  • physiological assessment
  • psychosocial assessment
25
Defect that increases pulmonary blood flow: - _____ fluid volume - ineffective infant _____ pattern - risk for _____ - interrupted _____ processes
- excess fluid volume - ineffective infant feeding pattern - risk for infection - interrupted family processes
26
Defect that decreases pulmonary blood flow: - _____ cardiac output - risk for _____ - _____ role strain - activity _____ - _____ growth and development
- decreased cardiac output - risk for infection - caregiver role strain - activity intolerance - delayed growth and development
27
Following cardiac surgery: - _____ breathing pattern - _____ pain - risk for imbalance _____ - risk for _____
ineffective acute fluid volume infection
28
Primary goal is to...
support perfusion
29
Patients should have a _____ increase in activity
gradual