Unit 4 - Acid/Base Flashcards
acid _____ hydrogen ions in solution
release
Bases _____ hydrogen ions in solution
accept
_____ _____ determines acidity of body fluids
hydrogen ions (H+)
how do you measure hydrogen ions
pH
Describe pH as you increase H+
decrease pH = > acidic
Describe pH as you decrease H+
increase pH = > basic
normal ABG pH of body fluids
7.35-7.45
metabolic processes produce _____
acids
- volatile (carbonic acid)
- nonvolatile
3 systems that work together to maintain pH
- buffer systems
- respiratory system
- renal system
Buffers prevent major changes in _____
pH
Describe Buffer System
- bind c H+ when excess acid is present
- release H+ if body fluids are too basic
Focus on _____ _____ as the main buffer
Bicarbonate HCO3
CO2 + H2O =
carbonic acid
3 major buffer systems
- Bicarbonate-Carbonic Acid
- Phosphate
- Protein
Describe Respiratory System:
- Regulates carbonic acid by…
- CO2 is potential acid when…
- Increase in CO2 or H+…
- Regulates carbonic acid by eliminating or retaining Co2
- CO2 is potential acid when combined with water
- Increase in CO2 or H+ stimulates respiratory center
Describe Respiratory System with Acidosis:
- Rate & depth of respiration
- CO2 and Carbonic Acid
- pH
retained CO2 and excess of carbonic acid
- increasing rate and depth of respiration increase
- eliminates CO2 and carbonic acid
- you need to increase pH to normal range
Describe Respiratory System with Alkalosis:
- rate and depth of respiration
- CO2
- CO2 & H2O
- Carbonic acid
- pH
Loss of CO2 and deficient carbonic acid
- decreases rate and depth of respiration
- CO2 retention
- CO2 combines with H2O
- restores carbonic acid levels
- pH back to normal
Describe Renal system:
- Long-term regulation of…
- Kidneys eliminate…
- Regulate _____ in ECF
- faster or slower?
- selectively excrete or retain _____ to…
- Long-term regulation of acid-base balance
- kidneys eliminate nonvolatile acids
- regulate bicarbonate (HCO3) in ECF
- slower
- selectively excrete or retain H+ to maintain pH
How is acid-base balance assessed?
by measuring arterial blood gasses (ABGs)
PaCO2 measures…
pressure of dissolved CO2 in blood
PAO2 measures…
pressure of oxygen dissolved in plasma
Serum HCO3 reflects…
regulation of acid-base balance
Normal ABG Value:
PaCO2
35-45
Normal ABG Value:
HCO3
21-28