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Nursing 2300 (VIcky Hansen) > Unit 7 - HIV > Flashcards

Unit 7 - HIV Flashcards

1
Q

What year:
Cases of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, Kaposi sarcoma in young, healthy gay men
- term for new syndrome: AIDS

A

1981

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2
Q

What year:

antibody identified

A

1983

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3
Q

What year:

HIV isolated

A

1984

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4
Q

What year:

emerging infectious agent, probably jumped from animal to human in _____

A

1950s

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5
Q

AIDS caused by _____

A

HIV-1

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6
Q

Aides caused by HIV-1:

  • destroys body’s ability to…
  • virus found in…
  • transmission
  • sexual contact
  • infected blood via _____ sharing
  • transfusions of infected blood before _____
A
  • destroys body’s ability to fight infection
  • virus found in body fluids
  • transmission
  • sexual contact
  • infected blood via needle sharing
  • transfusions of infected blood before 1985
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7
Q

Aides caused by HIV-1:

Virus infects cells that have _____ antigen:

  • viral DNA integrated into _____ DNA
  • may remain _____ for years
  • antibodies detectable in _____ to _____
A

Virus infects cells that have CD4 antigen:

  • viral DNA integrated into host DNA
  • may remain inactive for years
  • antibodies detectable in 6 weeks to 6 months
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8
Q

Men have take up _____ of cases

A

77%

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9
Q

Most female cases are _____ _____ or _____

A

African American or Hispanic

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10
Q

Increase in clients > _____ years of age

A

50

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11
Q

rate of perinatal transmission _____

A

decreased

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12
Q

Use of recreational drugs, such as intravenous drugs, is a risk factor for contracting HIV. Asking about safe sexual practices is important, but intravenous drug use would put the client at greater risk for contracting HIV. The nurse (can/cannot ) ask about the partner without the partner’s consent; however, if the partner were present and positive, it would be a risk factor. Recent symptoms are not a risk factor.

A

cannot

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13
Q

A child with an immune disorder such as HIV/AIDS (should/should not) be immunized with a live varicella vaccine, because of the risk of contracting the disease. DTaP, HIB, and hepatitis B vaccinations (are/are not) live vaccines, and should be given on schedule.

A

should not

are not

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14
Q

Most common manifestations of AIDS:

- risk predictable by _____ or _____ count

A

T4 or CD4

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15
Q

most common opportunistic infection (indicator of possible HIV infective state)

A

PCP (pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia)

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16
Q

T/F: The home health nurse should see the client with PCP because of the complaint of shortness of breath with the new onset of fever. All of the clients need to be seen by the nurse, but based on the ABCs (airway, breathing, and circulation), the nurse should visit this client first to obtain vital signs and perform a respiratory assessment.

A

T

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17
Q

Opportunistic infections:
_____
- rapid progression to disseminated disease
- disseminated disease

A

Tuberculosis

18
Q

Opportunistic infections:
_____
- oral thrush, esophagitis
- vaginal candidiasis in women

A

candidiasis

19
Q

Opportunistic infections:
_____
- typically late in disease
- wasting syndrome

A

Mycobacterium avium complex

20
Q 
Secondary Cancers:
Kaposi sarcoma
- \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_ cancer associated with AIDS
- indicator of \_\_\_\_\_-\_\_\_\_\_ HIV disease
- caused by \_\_\_\_\_-\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_
- transmitted mainly through \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_
- initially \_\_\_\_\_, may become painful
- may obstruct \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_, cause \_\_\_\_\_
- may \_\_\_\_\_ gas exchange in lungs
A
  • most common cancer associated with AIDS
  • indicator of late-stage HIV disease
  • caused by KS-associated herpes virus
  • transmitted mainly through sexual contact
  • initially painless, may become painful
  • may obstruct organ function, cause bleeding
  • may impair gas exchange in lungs
21
Q

Secondary Cancers:
Lymphomas

Non-Hodgin’s lymphoma

  • _____ times more frequent in HIV
  • _____ is usual site
  • primary lymphoma of the _____
A
  • five times more frequent in HIV
  • CNS is usual site
  • primary lymphoma of the brain
22
Q

Secondary Cancers:
Cervical cancer
- cervical dysplasia common in _____ infected with HIV
- aggressive cancer develops _____

A
  • cervical dysplasia common in women infected with HIV

- aggressive cancer develops frequently

23
Q

T/f: infants are asymptomatic at birth

A

T

24
Q

Pediatric manifestations:
Encephalopathy
- developmental delay or deterioration of _____, intellectual functioning

A
  • developmental delay or deterioration of motor, intellectual functioning
25
Q

Pediatric manifestations:
Adolescents
- _____% of new HIV cases in adolescents in African Americans

A
  • ~65% of new HIV cases in adolescents in African Americans
26
Q

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

  • tests for HIV _____
  • may be _____ early in infection
  • repeat to confirm _____
A
  • tests for HIV antibodies
  • may be negative early in infection
  • repeat to confirm positive
27
Q

Western blot antibody testing

  • more reliable than _____
  • more _____
  • takes _____
A
  • more reliable than ELISA
  • more expensive
  • takes longer
28
Q

HIV viral load tests

- measure amount of actively _____ _____

A
  • measure amount of actively replicating HIV
29
Q

The nurse would expect to obtain sputum cultures, administer antibiotics, and perform chest physiotherapy to help clear the respiratory secretions. Bronchial washings (are, are not) routine testing for this scenario. The client likely has an infectious disease and is not contagious. Isolation precautions are usually not ordered for noncontagious infections.

A

are not

30
Q

The _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ remains the standard for determining clinical staging and related treatment for children with HIV. The client described is Category C, a severely symptomatic client with lymphoma and wasting syndrome. The other choices are incorrect.

A

1994 Revised HIV Pediatric Classification System

31
Q

Preferred method for pediatric testing

A

HIV DNA polymerase chain reaction test

32
Q

Child of HIV+ mother should be tested _____ times in first 18 months

A

several

33
Q

T/F: viral culture at birth is more expensive

A

T

34
Q

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) combines _____ or _____ drugs

  • _____ incidence of drug resistance
  • _____ likelihood of decreasing viral load, symptoms
  • complicated, expensive
  • (does, does not) eradicate HIV
  • scheduled for specific times during day
A

3 or 4

  • reduce incidence of drug resistance
  • increase likelihood of decreasing viral load, symptoms
  • complicated, expensive
  • does not eradicate HIV
  • scheduled for specific times during day
35
Q

Protease inhibitors (PIs)

  • protease: viral enzyme used for _____ _____, _____
  • PIs bond chemically with protease, _____ _____ _____
  • immature, noninfectious viral particles
  • viral resistance occurs quickly
  • PIs _____, induce _____ of other drugs
A
  • protease: viral enzyme used for viral assembly, maturation
  • PIs bond chemically with protease, blocking its function
  • immature, noninfectious viral particles
  • viral resistance occurs quickly
  • PIs inhibit, induce metabolism of other drugs
36
Q

Nonnucleoside reverse transciptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)

  • only _____ used at a time
  • (may, may not) be used in combination with nucleoside analogues, PIs
  • nevirapine
  • delavirdine
  • efavirenz
A
  • only one used at a time
  • may be used in combination with nucleoside analogues, PIs
  • nevirapine
  • delavirdine
  • efavirenz
37
Q

Entry Inhibitors (EIs)

  • prevent HIV from _____ target cells
  • _____ CD4 counts, _____ viral loads
  • enfuvirtide
A
  • prevent HIV from entering target cells
  • improved CD4 counts, reduced viral loads
  • enfuvirtide
38
Q

Is there a cure for HIV

A

no cure or effective treatment exists

39
Q

All options are potential nursing diagnoses for this client. _____ _____ related to preventing transmission of HIV would be the priority diagnosis for this client due to his statement of wanting to remain sexually active. The client will need to be educated on safer sex practices to decrease the risk of transmission to potential sexual partners.

A

Deficient knowledge

40
Q

The nurse should educate the client regarding the prevention of the spread of HIV. The client will need further education when he states that he will use an oil-based lubricant. The client should be educated to use _____ condoms for oral, vaginal, or anal intercourse and to avoid _____ or _____ skin condoms, which allow passage of HIV. The client should use only _____-_____ lubricants–not oil-based, such as _____ _____, which can result in condom damage. The client is correct in stating that it is not an acceptable practice to share toothbrushes or razors. The client is also correct in stating that blood donation is prohibited.

A

latex
natural or animal
water-based
petroleum jelly

41
Q

Positive outcomes for an HIV client would include remaining free from _____ infection, displaying normal nutritional patterns, demonstrating adequate _____ with the stress of chronic disease, and attending school.

A

secondary
nutritional
coping

Nursing 2300 (VIcky Hansen) (64 decks)

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