Aides caused by HIV-1: - destroys body's ability to... - virus found in... - transmission - sexual contact - infected blood via _____ sharing - transfusions of infected blood before _____

- destroys body's ability to fight infection - virus found in body fluids - transmission - sexual contact - infected blood via needle sharing - transfusions of infected blood before 1985

Aides caused by HIV-1: Virus infects cells that have _____ antigen: - viral DNA integrated into _____ DNA - may remain _____ for years - antibodies detectable in _____ to _____

Virus infects cells that have CD4 antigen: - viral DNA integrated into host DNA - may remain inactive for years - antibodies detectable in 6 weeks to 6 months

Unit 7 - HIV Flashcards by Cat Howell

What year:
Cases of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, Kaposi sarcoma in young, healthy gay men
- term for new syndrome: AIDS

1981

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What year:

antibody identified

1983

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What year:

HIV isolated

1984

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What year:

emerging infectious agent, probably jumped from animal to human in _____

1950s

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AIDS caused by _____

HIV-1

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Aides caused by HIV-1:

destroys body’s ability to…
virus found in…
transmission
sexual contact
infected blood via _____ sharing
transfusions of infected blood before _____

destroys body’s ability to fight infection
virus found in body fluids
transmission
sexual contact
infected blood via needle sharing
transfusions of infected blood before 1985

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Aides caused by HIV-1:

Virus infects cells that have _____ antigen:

viral DNA integrated into _____ DNA
may remain _____ for years
antibodies detectable in _____ to _____

Virus infects cells that have CD4 antigen:

viral DNA integrated into host DNA
may remain inactive for years
antibodies detectable in 6 weeks to 6 months

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Men have take up _____ of cases

77%

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Most female cases are _____ _____ or _____

African American or Hispanic

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Increase in clients > _____ years of age

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rate of perinatal transmission _____

decreased

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Use of recreational drugs, such as intravenous drugs, is a risk factor for contracting HIV. Asking about safe sexual practices is important, but intravenous drug use would put the client at greater risk for contracting HIV. The nurse (can/cannot ) ask about the partner without the partner’s consent; however, if the partner were present and positive, it would be a risk factor. Recent symptoms are not a risk factor.

cannot

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A child with an immune disorder such as HIV/AIDS (should/should not) be immunized with a live varicella vaccine, because of the risk of contracting the disease. DTaP, HIB, and hepatitis B vaccinations (are/are not) live vaccines, and should be given on schedule.

should not

are not

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Most common manifestations of AIDS:

- risk predictable by _____ or _____ count

T4 or CD4

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most common opportunistic infection (indicator of possible HIV infective state)

PCP (pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia)

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T/F: The home health nurse should see the client with PCP because of the complaint of shortness of breath with the new onset of fever. All of the clients need to be seen by the nurse, but based on the ABCs (airway, breathing, and circulation), the nurse should visit this client first to obtain vital signs and perform a respiratory assessment.

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Opportunistic infections:
_____
- rapid progression to disseminated disease
- disseminated disease

Tuberculosis

Opportunistic infections:
_____
- oral thrush, esophagitis
- vaginal candidiasis in women

candidiasis

Opportunistic infections:
_____
- typically late in disease
- wasting syndrome

Mycobacterium avium complex

Secondary Cancers:
Kaposi sarcoma
- \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_ cancer associated with AIDS
- indicator of \_\_\_\_\_-\_\_\_\_\_ HIV disease
- caused by \_\_\_\_\_-\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_
- transmitted mainly through \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_
- initially \_\_\_\_\_, may become painful
- may obstruct \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_, cause \_\_\_\_\_
- may \_\_\_\_\_ gas exchange in lungs

most common cancer associated with AIDS
indicator of late-stage HIV disease
caused by KS-associated herpes virus
transmitted mainly through sexual contact
initially painless, may become painful
may obstruct organ function, cause bleeding
may impair gas exchange in lungs

Secondary Cancers:
Lymphomas

Non-Hodgin’s lymphoma

_____ times more frequent in HIV
_____ is usual site
primary lymphoma of the _____

five times more frequent in HIV
CNS is usual site
primary lymphoma of the brain

Secondary Cancers:
Cervical cancer
- cervical dysplasia common in _____ infected with HIV
- aggressive cancer develops _____

cervical dysplasia common in women infected with HIV

- aggressive cancer develops frequently

T/f: infants are asymptomatic at birth

Pediatric manifestations:
Encephalopathy
- developmental delay or deterioration of _____, intellectual functioning

developmental delay or deterioration of motor, intellectual functioning

Pediatric manifestations: Adolescents - _____% of new HIV cases in adolescents in African Americans

- ~65% of new HIV cases in adolescents in African Americans

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) - tests for HIV _____ - may be _____ early in infection - repeat to confirm _____

- tests for HIV antibodies - may be negative early in infection - repeat to confirm positive

Western blot antibody testing - more reliable than _____ - more _____ - takes _____

- more reliable than ELISA - more expensive - takes longer

HIV viral load tests | - measure amount of actively _____ _____

- measure amount of actively replicating HIV

The nurse would expect to obtain sputum cultures, administer antibiotics, and perform chest physiotherapy to help clear the respiratory secretions. Bronchial washings (are, are not) routine testing for this scenario. The client likely has an infectious disease and is not contagious. Isolation precautions are usually not ordered for noncontagious infections.

are not

The _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ remains the standard for determining clinical staging and related treatment for children with HIV. The client described is Category C, a severely symptomatic client with lymphoma and wasting syndrome. The other choices are incorrect.

1994 Revised HIV Pediatric Classification System

Preferred method for pediatric testing

HIV DNA polymerase chain reaction test

Child of HIV+ mother should be tested _____ times in first 18 months

several

T/F: viral culture at birth is more expensive

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) combines _____ or _____ drugs - _____ incidence of drug resistance - _____ likelihood of decreasing viral load, symptoms - complicated, expensive - (does, does not) eradicate HIV - scheduled for specific times during day

3 or 4 - reduce incidence of drug resistance - increase likelihood of decreasing viral load, symptoms - complicated, expensive - does not eradicate HIV - scheduled for specific times during day

Protease inhibitors (PIs) - protease: viral enzyme used for _____ _____, _____ - PIs bond chemically with protease, _____ _____ _____ - immature, noninfectious viral particles - viral resistance occurs quickly - PIs _____, induce _____ of other drugs

- protease: viral enzyme used for viral assembly, maturation - PIs bond chemically with protease, blocking its function - immature, noninfectious viral particles - viral resistance occurs quickly - PIs inhibit, induce metabolism of other drugs

Nonnucleoside reverse transciptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) - only _____ used at a time - (may, may not) be used in combination with nucleoside analogues, PIs - nevirapine - delavirdine - efavirenz

- only one used at a time - may be used in combination with nucleoside analogues, PIs - nevirapine - delavirdine - efavirenz

Entry Inhibitors (EIs) - prevent HIV from _____ target cells - _____ CD4 counts, _____ viral loads - enfuvirtide

- prevent HIV from entering target cells - improved CD4 counts, reduced viral loads - enfuvirtide

Is there a cure for HIV

no cure or effective treatment exists

All options are potential nursing diagnoses for this client. _____ _____ related to preventing transmission of HIV would be the priority diagnosis for this client due to his statement of wanting to remain sexually active. The client will need to be educated on safer sex practices to decrease the risk of transmission to potential sexual partners.

Deficient knowledge

The nurse should educate the client regarding the prevention of the spread of HIV. The client will need further education when he states that he will use an oil-based lubricant. The client should be educated to use _____ condoms for oral, vaginal, or anal intercourse and to avoid _____ or _____ skin condoms, which allow passage of HIV. The client should use only _____-_____ lubricants–not oil-based, such as _____ _____, which can result in condom damage. The client is correct in stating that it is not an acceptable practice to share toothbrushes or razors. The client is also correct in stating that blood donation is prohibited.

latex natural or animal water-based petroleum jelly

Positive outcomes for an HIV client would include remaining free from _____ infection, displaying normal nutritional patterns, demonstrating adequate _____ with the stress of chronic disease, and attending school.

secondary nutritional coping