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Nursing 2300 (VIcky Hansen) > Unit 5 - Asthma > Flashcards

Unit 5 - Asthma Flashcards

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1
Q

T/F: most asthma attacks require treatment

A

T

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2
Q

Asthma in early life may lead to…

A

airway remodeling

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3
Q

asthma can turn into…

A

chronic inflammatory disease

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4
Q

Acute inflammatory response triggered:

Inflammatory mediators released:

  • causes activation of…
  • broncho…, airway ___, impaired clearance of _____
  • (increases/decreases) work of breathing
  • trapped air mixes with _____ air
  • _____ gas exchange
A
  • causes activation of inflammatory cells
  • bronchoconstriction, airway edema, impaired clearance of secretion
  • increases
  • trapped air mixes with inhaled air
  • impairs gas exchange
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5
Q

Pathophysiology and Etiology:

Attack prolonged by late-phase response:

  • _____ hours after exposure to trigger
  • inflammatory cells _____ airway epithelium, _____ mucosal edema, and _____ bronchoconstriction
  • airway resistance _____
  • if untreated, _____ develops
  • _____ can lead to respiratory _____
A
  • 4-12 hours after exposure to trigger
  • inflammatory cells damage airway epithelium, produce mucosal edema, and prolong bronchoconstriction
  • increases
    if untreated, hypoxemia develops
  • hyperventilation can lead to respiratory alkalosis
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6
Q

Pediatric differences:

  • _____ airway
  • _____ and _____
  • ribs _____
  • oxygen consumption _____
  • _____ _____ muscle fatigue
A
  • narrower airway
  • edema and swelling
  • ribs flexible
  • oxygen consumption higher
  • more rapid muscle fatigue
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7
Q

5 common causes of asthma

A
  • air pollutants
  • allergens
  • chemicals, food
  • stress
  • respiratory infections
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8
Q

Preventions of Asthma:

  • avoiding _____ and _____ _____
  • _____ dust
  • _____ carpets
  • covering _____ and _____
  • _____ removal
A
  • avoiding allergies and environemental triggers
  • controlling dust
  • removing carpets
  • covering mattresses and pillows
  • pet removal
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9
Q

Traffic signals for asthma:

green

A
  • green: 80 - 100% of personal best, asthma is under control
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10
Q

Traffic signals for asthma:

yellow

A
  • yellow: 50 - 80% caution, need treatment
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11
Q

Traffic signals for asthma:

red

A
  • red: < 50% immediate need for bronchodilator/further medical treatment
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12
Q

_____ is the most common respiratory disease in pregnancy

A

asthma

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13
Q

asthma in pregnancy can lead to a _____ baby and _____ _____ _____

A

premature and low birth weight

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14
Q

Asthma and Pregnancy:

- improves in _____, maintains in _____, worsens in _____

A

improves in 1/3, maintains in 1/3, and worsens in 1/3

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15
Q

3 specific diagnostic tests for asthma

A
  • PEFR

- Allergic asthma: scratch or patch testing, IgE testing

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16
Q

What do bronchodilators do

A

relax smooth muscles of airway

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17
Q

Bronchodilator:

  • _____ stimulant
  • _____ agents
  • _____
A
  • adrenergic stimulant (beta 2 agonist)
  • anticholinergic agents (ipratropium/atrovent) usually used with another med
  • methylxanthines (theophylline and aminophylline)
18
Q

Corticosteroids and NSAIDS

A

cromolyn sodium, nedocromil

19
Q

Leukotrine modifiers

- _____ medications

A

oral medications

  • montelukast (singulait)
  • zafirlukast
  • zileuton
20
Q

The client admitted with an acute exacerbation of asthma will require a _____ medication, such as an _____ _____-_____ _____-_____, oral _____, inhaled _____-_____ _____ _____

A

rescue
inhaled short-acting beta agonist
oral corticosteroids
inhaled long-acting beta agonists

21
Q

oral _____ are _____ medications used to treat asthma

A

oral anticholinergics are maintenance medications

22
Q

Appropriate teaching a for a client prescribed _____ _____ (_____) (_____ _____) includes only taking the prescribed number of doses each day to prevent a drug overdose and the use of hard candy or extra fluids to decrease dry mouth

A

ipratropium bromide (atrovent) (anticholinergic bronchodilator)

23
Q

_____ _____ acts to stimulate the fight-or-flight response, _____-_____ receptors of the sympathetic nervous system are _____, the bronchiolar smooth muscle _____, and _____ occurs

A 
bronchodilator therapy
beta2-adrenergic
stimulated
relaxes
bronchodilators
24
Q

_____ mouth after using inhalers/leaving steroids in the mouth can cause thrush and also to reduce the amount of drug swallowed that may contribute to systemic side effects of steroids (not so much with newer inhalers)

A

rinse

25
Q

_____ modifiers works by blocking substances in your lungs called leukotrienes that cause narrowing and swelling of airways. Blocking leukotrienes improves asthma symptoms and helps prevent asthma attacks. Leukotrienes also cause allergic rhinitis symptoms. By blocking leukotrienes, singulair improves seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms. Take singulair at least _____ hour _____ eating.

A

Leukotriene (singulair)
1
before

26
Q

If sing _____, it will require therapeutic blood levels to be drawn, severe side effects of too much

A

theophylline

27
Q

inaudible breath sounds, reduced wheezing, and ineffective cough are some indicators that…

A

little or no air movement into and out of the lungs is taking place and immediate intervention is needed

28
Q

affects on vitals during asthma attack

  • P
  • BPM
  • expiration
A
  • tachycardia
  • tachypnea
  • prolonged expirations
29
Q

an increased respiratory rate indicates respiratory _____, but not _____

A

compromise, exhaustion

30
Q

_____ wheezing and the use of _____ muscles when inhaling indicate a progression of the severity of the symptoms, but airflow is still occurring; therefore, they (do, do not) require the most urgent action

A

diffuse, accessory, do not

31
Q

T/F: respiratory status can changes rapidly during an acute asthma attack

A

T

32
Q

Slowed, shallow respiratory with significantly diminished breath sounds and (increased, decreased) wheezing may indicate…Therefore, _____ intervention is necessary

A

decreased
exhaustion and impending respiratory failure
immediate

33
Q

One of the indicators for ineffective breathing pattern is _____

A

wheezing

34
Q

Goals may include: client will…
- experience decreased number and severity of _____
- require _____ unscheduled visits to primary care provider or emergency department
_____ exposure to irritants that aggravate asthma control
- experience _____ quality of life

A

exacerbations
fewer
reduce
improved

35
Q

To help promote airway clearance place the client in _____ position to facilitate breathing and lung expansion

A

Fowler

36
Q

Providing adequate rest periods prevents _____ and _____ oxygen demands

A

fatigue and reduces

37
Q

Reducing excessive _____ promotes rest

A

stimuli

38
Q

Assisting with activities of daily living _____ energy and _____ oxygen demands

A

conserves and reduces

39
Q

Effective treatment of asthma include _____-_____ treatment to prevent attacks and _____ inflammation, as well as short-term treatment when an attack occurs.

A

long-term

decrease

40
Q

Long-term treatment continues _____, not just for a year

A

indefinitely

41
Q

Age-appropriate, evidence-based interventions for a young adolescent client diagnosed with asthma includes referral to…

A
  • peer-lead support group
  • assessing peer-support for the client
  • collaborating with teachers to ensure the client has the necessary support in school
42
Q

While it is appropriate to include the parents in the education process, the client should be taught…

A

how to administer medications prior to teaching the parents

Nursing 2300 (VIcky Hansen) (64 decks)

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