Unit 6 - Pneumonia Flashcards
Pneumonia ->
inflammation of lung parenchyma
3 ways organisms enter lungs
- aspiration
- inhaled
- through bloodstream from infection in body
4 patterns pneumonia develops
- lobar pneumonia
- bronchopneumonia
- interstitial pneumonia
- miliary pneumoni4.
Pathological process varies according to infective organism:
Bacterial pathogens
unilateral lobar pneumonia
Pathological process varies according to infective organism:
Viruses
scattered, patchy, bronchopneumonia
Pathological process varies according to infective organism:
Aspiration
- chemical injury leading to inflammatory response
- open to bacterial invasion
Bronchopneumonia -> _____ onset
insidious
_____ disease occurs sporadically and in outbreaks, such as the one that occurred at an American Legion convention in 1976, when the disease was first recognized. Contaminated water-cooled air-conditioning systems and other water sources have been implicated in its spread. Smokers, older adults, and people with chronic diseases or impaired immune defenses are most susceptible to this disease
Legionnaires
Acute bacterial pneumonia
pathogenesis of pneumococcal pneumonia
Describe pathogenesis of pneumococcal pneumonia
bacteria reside in upper respiratory tract
Legionnaire disease
bronchopneumonia
Primary atypical pneumonia
mycoplasma pneumoniae (“walking pneumonia”)
Common organisms of viral pneumonia
- influenza
- adenovirus
Onset of Pneumococcal or lobar pneumonia
abrupt
Onset of bronchopneumonia
gradual
Onset of Legionnaire disease
gradual
Onset of Primary atypical pneumonia
gradual
Onset of Viral pneumonia
sudden or gradual
onset of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
abrupt
Respiratory manifestations of Pneumococcal or lobar pneumonia
cough productive of purulent or rust-colored sputum; pleuritic or aching chest pain; decreased breath sounds and crackles over affected area; possible dyspnea and cyanosis
Respiratory manifestations of bronchopneumonia
Cough, scattered crackles; minimal dyspnea and respiratory distress; low-grade fever
Respiratory manifestations of Legionnaire disease
dry cough; dyspnea
Respiratory manifestations of Primary atypical pneumonia
dry, hacking, nonproductive cough
Respiratory manifestations of viral pneumonia
dry cough
Respiratory manifestations of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
dry cough, tachypnea and SOB; significant respiratory distress
Systemic manifestations of Pneumococcal or lobar pneumonia
chills and fever
Systemic manifestations of bronchopneumonia
fever, tachypnea, altered mental status
Systemic manifestations of Legionnaire disease
chills and fever, general malaise; headache; confusion; diminished appetite and diarrhea; myalgias and arthralgias
Systemic manifestations of Primary atypical pneumonia
fever, headache, myalgias, and arthralgias predominate
Systemic manifestations of viral pneumonia
flulike symptoms
Systemic manifestations of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
fever
Research indicates a high rate of pneumonia in clients with frequent exposure to…
cigarette smoke and alcohol use
Should you give the flu vaccine to someone allergic to eggs
No!
Pneumococcal revaccination is only recommended in person with _____ failure, to who have had _____, those with malignancies, and those with _____/_____.
renal failure
splenectomies
HIV/AIDS
local effects of infection of lower respiratory tract:
- cough, excessive mucus production
- dyspnea
- hemoptysis, chest pain
systemic effects of infection of lower respiratory tract
- fever, diminished appetite
- cyanosis
- manifestations of impaired gas exchange
Older adults:
- # of cilia _____
- gag and cough reflexes _____
- _____ risk for dehydration
- immune function _____
- # of cilia decreases
- gag and cough reflexes diminish
- greater risk for dehydration
- immune function declines
Chest percussion can help _____ secretions. Providing education for smoking cessation and administering the pneumococcal vaccine are important in treating a client with pneumonia; however, they would be aligned with a different nursing diagnosis. Patients with pneumonia are encouraged to _____ fluid intake.
clear
increase
A baseline electrocardiogram is appropriate for _____ medication
antimalarial
_____ is an expected consequence of the infectious disease process. Fever can produce mild, short-term effects and, when prolonged, can cause life-threatening effects. The nurse should administer antipyretic medication as indicated for elevated temperatures and enforce frequent rest periods because rest _____ energy reserve that is depleted by _____ metabolism, heart, and respiratory rates. The nurse should use ice packs, cool-tepid baths, or a hypothermia blanket with caution and only as needed. the nurse should encourage fluid intake rather than restrict fluids because of the risk of _____ _____.
Hyperthermia
increases
increased
electrolyte imbalance
