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Nursing 2300 (VIcky Hansen) > Unit 8 - Leukemia > Flashcards

Unit 8 - Leukemia Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition:

Body produces large number of abnormal blood cells/usually white blood cells

A

Leukemia

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2
Q

leukemia cells usually look _____ than normal blood cells and do not function properly
- often are _____ blasts that cannot grow into healthy blood cells

A

different

immature

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3
Q

Malignant WBCs fill bone marrow, replacing _____ _____ that produce _____, other blood products -> _____ decrease amount of these products in circulation

A

stem cells
RBCs
decrease

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4
Q

Leukemia diagnosed _____ times more often in adults than children

A

10

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5
Q

_____ are affected more than _____ with leukemia

A

men are affected more than women

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6
Q

Classified by acuity an predominant cell type involved:

  • acute onset
  • rapid disease progression
  • immature, undifferentiated blast cells
A

acute leukemia

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7
Q

Classified by acuity an predominant cell type involved:

  • gradual onset
  • prolonged course
  • abnormal mature-appearing cells
A

chronic leukemias

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8
Q

Classified by acuity an predominant cell type involved:

  • involve immature lymphocytes and precursor cells in bone marrow
  • infiltrate spleen, lymph nodes, CNS
A

lymphocytic leukemias

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9
Q

Classified by acuity an predominant cell type involved:

  • involve myeloid stem cells in bone marrow
  • interfere with maturation of all types of cells
A

myeloid leukemias

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10
Q

acute leukemia

  • _____ onset
  • _____ disease progression
  • immature, undifferentiated _____ _____
A
  • acute onset
  • rapid disease progression
  • immature, undifferentiated blast cells
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11
Q

chronic leukemias

  • _____ onset
  • _____ course
  • _____ mature-appearing cells
A
  • gradual onset
  • prolonged course
  • abnormal mature-appearing cells
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12
Q

lymphocytic leukemias

  • involve immature _____ and _____ cells in bone marrow
  • _____ spleen, lymph nodes, CNS
A
  • involve immature lymphocytes and precursor cells in bone marrow
  • infiltrate spleen, lymph nodes, CNS
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13
Q

myeloid leukemias

  • involve _____ _____ _____ in bone marrow
  • interfere with _____ of all types of cells
A
  • involve myeloid stem cells in bone marrow

- interfere with maturation of all types of cells

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14
Q

Most common type of leukemia in children

A

acute lymphocytic leukemia

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15
Q

Most common type of leukemia in adults

A

acute myeloid leukemia

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16
Q

The top causes of cancer death in children and adolescents are _____ and other nervous system tumors and _____. The reason leukemia has a higher death rate in adolescents than in children, despite having a lower incidence rate, is because survival rates for leukemia are higher in _____ than _____.

A

brain
leukemia
children
adolescents

17
Q

A defect in stem cell that differentiate into all myeloid cells: monocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets

A

AML

18
Q

Most common nonlymphocytic leukemia

A

AML

19
Q

AML affects all ages with peak incidence at age _____

A

67

20
Q

2 types of treatment for AML

A
  • aggressive chemo - induction therapy

- hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)

21
Q

3 stages of CML

A
  • chronic phase
  • transformation phase
  • blast crisis
22
Q

CML is Uncommon in people younger than _____ years, with increased incidence with age; mean age: _____ years

A

20

64

23
Q

Manifestations for _____: initially may be asymptomatic, malaise, anorexia, weight loss, confusion or shortness of breath caused by leukostasis, enlarged tender spleen, or enlarged liver

A

CML

24
Q

_____ is uncontrolled proliferation of immature cells from lymphoid stem cell

A

ALL

25
Q

ALL is most common in _____ _____, _____ more often than girls, peak age _____ years old

A

young children
boys
4

26
Q

ALL

Prognosis is good for children; _____% for 3-year event-free survival but drops with increased age

A

85%

<45%

27
Q

3 major s/s related to leukemia

A
  • anemia
  • infection
  • bleeding
28
Q

2 main diagnostic tests for leukemia

A
  • Bone marrow analysis

- peripheral blood smear

29
Q

Chemotherapy:

  • Single agent or combination chemotherapy -> eradicate leukemic cells, produce _____
  • Combination therapy _____ cell growth at various stages of cell cycle
  • Generally divided into ___ phases
  • Postremission chemotherapy -> eradicate additional leukemic cells, prevent _____, prolong survival
A
  • Single agent or combination chemotherapy -> eradicate leukemic cells, produce remission
  • Combination therapy interrupts cell growth at various stages of cell cycle
  • Generally divided into two phases
  • Postremission chemotherapy -> eradicate additional leukemic cells, prevent relapse, prolong survival
30
Q

Tw phases of chemo:

  • _____ _____ -> high drug doses to eradicate leukemic cells
  • Damage stem cells, production of _____ blood cells
  • Colony stimulating factors (CSF)—hematopoietic growth factors—administered to rescue _____ _____ following induction chemotherapy
  • Client may experience bone pain with _____
  • _____ _____ -> eradicate additional leukemic cells, prevent relapse, prolong survival
A
  • Induction phase -> high drug doses to eradicate leukemic cells
  • Damage stem cells, production of normal blood cells
  • Colony stimulating factors (CSF)—hematopoietic growth factors—administered to rescue bone marrow following induction chemotherapy
  • Client may experience bone pain with CSFs
  • Postremission chemotherapy -> eradicate additional leukemic cells, prevent relapse, prolong survival
31
Q

_____ is treatment of choice for some types of leukemia

A

BMT (bone marrow transplant)

32
Q

_____ _____ _____ _____: uses bone marrow cell from donor

A

allogenic bone marrow transplant

33
Q

_____ _____ _____ _____: uses client’s own bone marrow to restore function after chemotherapy or radiation

A

autologous bone marrow transplant

34
Q

2 types of BMT

A
  • allogenic

- autologous

35
Q

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD):

  • Allogenic BMT or SCT may precipitate GVHD -> _____% of clients
  • Immune cells identify recipient’s body tissue as _____
  • Acute -> within days
  • Chronic -> _____ _____ days after transplant
A

60
foreign
> or = 100

36
Q

What kind of therapy:

cytokines (interferons, interleukins) -> modify body’s response to cancer cells

A

Biological therapy

37
Q

What kind of therapy:

  • damages cellular DNS -> cell cannot divide and multiply
  • rapidly dividing cells respons - bone marrow cells, cancer cells
A

radiation therapy

38
Q

What?

  • hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, lactic acidosis, and hypocalcemia caused by the massive destruction of many neoplastic cells.
  • Frequently, acute renal failure develops and, combined with electrolyte abnormalities, may rapidly become life- threatening.
A

Tumor Lysis Syndrome

39
Q

Interventions:

  • protect _____ _____ integrity
  • promote health _____ _____
  • easing _____ and _____
  • decreasing _____ and _____ intolerance
  • maintaining _____ and _____ balance
  • _____ self-care, self-esteem, anxiety, etc.
A
  • protect mucous membrane integrity
  • promote healthy grief response
  • easing pain and discomfort
  • decreasing fatigue and activity intolerance
  • maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance
  • improve self-care, self-esteem, anxiety, etc.

Nursing 2300 (VIcky Hansen) (64 decks)

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