Unit 5 - COPD Flashcards
Is COPD curable
no
Describe Chronic Bronchitis
inflammation and excessive bronchial mucus
Describe Emphysema
destruction of walls of alveoli; alveolar membranes break down
_____ is often comorbid with COPd
asthma
COPD typically includes components of both _____ _____ and _____. Although the COPD complex can also include asthma, small airway disease, and narrowing of small bronchioles, it is more commonly known to include _____ _____.
chronic bronchitis
emphysema
bronchitis
emphysema
_____: loss of alveola surface reduces gas exchange/elastic recoil is lost reducing volume of air that is passively expired (air trapping/bronchioles or alevoli may be involved
emphysema
_____: excessive bronchial mucous secretions/productivity cough lasting 3 or more months in 2 consecutive years/lost ability to clear mucus/airway edema/recurrent infection is common
chronic bronchitis
With chronic bronchitis, a productivity cough lasting _____ in _____ consecutive years
3 or more months
2
3 risk factors for COPD
- working in an industrial environment
- history of asthma
- cigarette smoking
Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (EFVs) + symptoms =
level of severity
prolonged impairment of gas exchange results in…
cardiac dysfunction
caloric demand increases as effort to breath _____
increases
The earliest-presenting symptom of COPD is…..
coughing in the morning with clear sputum
With progression of COPD, the body…
These extra blood cells…, leading to the development of _____ _____ _____ and clubbing of the fingertips
body compensates by producing extra red blood cells
clog the small blood vessels of he fingers
cyanotic nail beds
enlargement and thickening of the R ventricle of the heart often results in _____
dysrhythmias
Barrel chest occurs because…
the lungs are chronically overinflated with air, so the rib cage stays partially expanded
_____ will keep the alveoli open and increase exchange of oxygen and CO2 more effectively/improve airflow and reduce air trapping and especially may be used when asthma is a major component of COPD. It improves symptoms and exercise tolerance and may reduce the severity of exacerbations.
Bronchodilators
______ and _____ _____ _____ are commonly ordered to decrease the inflammation and swelling of lung tissues to maximize oxygen and CO2 exchange and to improve symptoms
Steroidal/Corticosteroid therapy and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents
a cough suppressant (is/is not) an appropriate medication for a client with COPD as it is important for the client to expel mucous to maintain adequate oxygenation
is not
an _____ ______ may be ordered to reduce the risk of respiratory infections
influenza vaccine
a _____-_____ _____ may be prescribed if infection is suspected
broad-spectrum antibiotic
oxygen therapy improves:
- exercise tolerance
- mental functioning
when should you use caution with oxygen therapy
in clients with chronic elevated CO2
_____ _____: a client with COPD may have their breaths stimulation by a _____ _____. This disease process causes the body to retain CO2. Providing too much oxygen can result in an increase in CO2 levels, leading to respiratory failure. Oxygen should be at a lower rate, such as 1-2 L/min. per nasal cannula.
Hypoxic Drive
Describe percussion
forceful striking of skin with cupped hands
Describe vibration
series of vigorous quiverings produced by hands on client’s chest wall
Describe postural drainage
drainage of gravity of secretions from lung segments
Dietary Measures:
a diet (high/low) in protein and fats (with/without) excess carbohydrates is recommended to…
Frequent (small/big) meals help maintain intake and…
high
without
minimize CO2 production during metabolism.
small
reduce fatigue associated with eating
Carbohydrate-rich food may (increase/decrease) the client’s CO2 production and worsen the symptoms of the disease…eat frequent snacks
increase
indications for a diagnoses of ineffective breathing pattern may include:
an elevated respiratory rate
A client who is diagnosed with COPD may have alterations in both _____ & ______
oxygenation and perfusion
Clinical manifestations associated with a decreased in perfusion include _____ and _____
acrocyanosis and confusion
*a weak pulse and blue nailbeds would also indicate poor perfusion
Is wheezing a normal breath sound
No, yet it is NOT an indication of poor perfusion
is wheezing an indication of poor perfusion?
No, though it is still an abnormal breath sound
Techniques used to instruct a client to control the breathing pattern include:
- pursed-lip breathing
- abdominal breathing
- relaxation (visualization and meditation)
The following activities may enhance breathing pattern for the COPD client:
- Providing adequate rest periods…
- Assisting with ADLs…
- Relaxation techniques reduce _____ and its effect on the _____ _____
- pursed-lip breathing helps…
- prevents fatigue and reduces Oxygen demands
- conserves energy and reduces oxygen demands
- anxiety, respiratory rate
- keep airways open by maintaining positive pressure
Clients should be sitting in _____-_____ for meals
high-fowlers
Adequate fluid intake is needed…
to keep secretions thin: at least 2-2.5 quarts of fluid daily
Can relatives be used as a medical interpreter?
NO!
Evidence that care provided to a client with COPD was successful may include: the client conducting morning care and ambulating in the room while maintaining an oxygen saturation of 92%. This outcome identifies the client’s ability to…
maintain adequate oxygenation and perform ADLs
