Unit 3 - Fluid & Electrolytes Part 1 Flashcards by Cat Howell

What are electrolytes

charged ions capable of conducting electricity

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T/F: an imbalance of electrolytes can cause problems

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_____ of a healthy adult’s weight is water

60%

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_____ is necessary for normal cellular function

water

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3 parts to intracellular fluid

solutes
cation
anion

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3 parts to extracellular fluid

interstitial fluid
intravascular fluid
transcellular and lymph fluid

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Ratio between intracellular and extracellular fluid

intracellular: 2/3
extracellular: 1/3

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Where can you find interstitial fluid

all the fluid surrounding the cells

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Where can you find intravascular fluid

in blood vessels

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how are electrolytes measured

in milliquivalents per liter (mEq/L)

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salts break into electrically charged ions in _____

water

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Where is intracellular fluid found

within cells of the body

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_____ _____ is vital to normal cell functioning

intracellular fluid

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What solutes does intracellular fluid contain?

oxygen
electrolytes
glucose

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Where is extracellular fluid found?

outside the cells

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2 main compartments of extracellular fluid:

intravascular

2. interstitial

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Third compartment of extracellular fluid

lymph and transcellular fluid

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Principal electrolytes found in extracellular fluid

sodium
calcium
bicarbonate

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4 ways of transport/movement of body fluids across cell and capillary membranes:

osmosis
diffusion
filtration/hydrostatic pressure
active transport

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What kind of transport is the sodium-potassium pump

active transport

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What kind of transport maintains higher sodium levels in ECF, high potassium concentrations in ICF

Active Transport

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Definition: movement of water across cell membranes from less concentrated solution to more concentrated solution

Osmosis

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Definition: concentration of solutes

osmolality

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Greatest determinants of osmolality in ECF:

sodium, glucose, urea

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Greatest determinants of osmolality in ICF:

potassium, glucose, urea

When Hydrostatic pressure is high:

ECF volume excess occurs; the increased fluid volume in the vascular compartment congests the veins

_____ _____ pulls fluid into the capillaries, usually in response to the presence of albumin and other plasma proteins made by the liver.

Osmotic pressure

Definition: power of solution to draw water across membrane

Osmotic Pressure

Definition: plasma proteins pull water from interstitial space into vascular compartment

Colloid Osmotic Pressure (oncotic pressure)

Definition: osmolality of solution

tonicity

3 types of tonicity

- isotonic - hypertonic - hypotonic

Definition: same osmolality as body fluids

isotonic solution

Definition: higher osmolality than body fluids

hypertonic solution

Definition: lower osmolality than body fluids

hypotonic solution

Definition: movement of fluid and solutes together across a membrane from one compartment to another

Filtration/hydrostatic pressure

Definition: pressure a fluid exerts on walls in closed system

hydrostatic pressure

Filtration = from area of _____ pressure to _____ pressure

higher, lower

average amount fluid intake through drinking

1200-1500

average amount fluid intake through water in food

1000

average amount fluid intake through water of oxidation

200

Total average fluid intake at moderate activity and temp.

2400-2700/2500

average fluid output through urine

1400-1500

average fluid output through stool

100-200

average fluid output through skin

250-450 (insensible loss)

average fluid output through sweat

100

average fluid output through lungs

350-400 (insensible loss)

average fluid output at moderate activity and temp.

2300-2600

urine output should be equal to...

.5mL/kg/hr

Thirst is regulated in the _____

hypothalamus

Normal serum levels of Sodium

135-145 mEq/L

What is the most abundant cation in ECF

Sodium

Sodium controls and regulates _____ _____ in the body.

water balance

Normal serum level for Potassium

3.5-5.3 mEq/L

major cation in ICF

Potassium *only a small amount found in plasma and interstitial fluid.

Which 2 electrolytes contributes to serum osmolality

sodium, chloride

Which electrolyte regulates ECF volume and distribution

sodium

Which electrolyte maintains ICF osmolality

potassium

Which electrolyte transmits nerve and other electrical impulses

potassium

Which 4 electrolytes regulate acid-base balance

potassium, chloride, phosphate, & *Bicarbonate*

T/F: potassium must be ingested daily

Which electrolyte is vital for skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle function/activity

potassium

Normal serum level for calcium

9-11 mg/dl

Where is the most calcium found

skeletal system

Which electrolyte is vital in regulating muscle contraction and relaxation

calcium

Normal serum levels for Magnesium

1.5-2.5 mEq/L

Where is magnesium found

skeletal system, ICF

Second most abundant ICF cation

magnesium

Which electrolyte is responsible for intracellular metabolism

magnesium

Which electrolyte is responsible for protein, DNA synthesis

magnesium

Which electrolyte operates sodium-potassium pump

magnesium

Which electrolyte regulates cardiac, neuromuscular function

magnesium

Which electrolyte relaxes muscle contractions

magnesium

Which electrolyte is used in the body to synthesize ingested protein

magnesium

_____ can occur from immobility. Ambulation of the client helps to prevent leaching of _____ from the bones into the serum.

Hypercalcemia, calcium

Normal serum level for Chloride

95-105 mEq/L

major anion of ECF

Chloride

Which electrolyte regulate ECF balance

Chloride

Which electrolyte is a major component of stomach fluids

chloride

Which electrolyte is a buffer in oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange

Chloride

Normal serum level for Phosphate

2.4-4.5 mg/dL in adults

Are normal phosphate levels higher or lower in children compared to adults

much higher

major anion of ICF

phosphate

Which electrolyte forms bones and teeth

Phosphate

Which electrolyte is responsible for metabolism of protein, fat, and carbohydrates

phosphate

Which electrolyte is responsible for cellular metabolism

phosphate

Which electrolyte is responsible for muscle, nerve, RBC function

phosphate

Which electrolyte regulates calcium levels

phosphate

Infants lose more fluid through _____

kidneys, because their kidneys are immature

T/F: immature kidneys are less able to conserve water

The pediatric client with the greatest risk for dehydration is the client who is under ____ years of age

T/F: More rapid respirations increases insensible fluid loss, putting the pediatric client at an even greater risk of dehydration and if elevated even more for other reasons, will put them even at a greater risk