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Nursing 2300 (VIcky Hansen) > Unit 3 - Fluid & Electrolytes Part 1 > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Fluid & Electrolytes Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are electrolytes

A

charged ions capable of conducting electricity

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2
Q

T/F: an imbalance of electrolytes can cause problems

A

T

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3
Q

_____ of a healthy adult’s weight is water

A

60%

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4
Q

_____ is necessary for normal cellular function

A

water

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5
Q

3 parts to intracellular fluid

A
  • solutes
  • cation
  • anion
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6
Q

3 parts to extracellular fluid

A
  • interstitial fluid
  • intravascular fluid
  • transcellular and lymph fluid
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7
Q

Ratio between intracellular and extracellular fluid

A

intracellular: 2/3
extracellular: 1/3

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8
Q

Where can you find interstitial fluid

A

all the fluid surrounding the cells

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9
Q

Where can you find intravascular fluid

A

in blood vessels

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10
Q

how are electrolytes measured

A

in milliquivalents per liter (mEq/L)

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11
Q

salts break into electrically charged ions in _____

A

water

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12
Q

Where is intracellular fluid found

A

within cells of the body

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13
Q

_____ _____ is vital to normal cell functioning

A

intracellular fluid

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14
Q

What solutes does intracellular fluid contain?

A
  • oxygen
  • electrolytes
  • glucose
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15
Q

Where is extracellular fluid found?

A

outside the cells

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16
Q

2 main compartments of extracellular fluid:

A
  1. intravascular

2. interstitial

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17
Q

Third compartment of extracellular fluid

A

lymph and transcellular fluid

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18
Q

Principal electrolytes found in extracellular fluid

A
  • sodium
  • calcium
  • bicarbonate
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19
Q

4 ways of transport/movement of body fluids across cell and capillary membranes:

A
  • osmosis
  • diffusion
  • filtration/hydrostatic pressure
  • active transport
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20
Q

What kind of transport is the sodium-potassium pump

A

active transport

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21
Q

What kind of transport maintains higher sodium levels in ECF, high potassium concentrations in ICF

A

Active Transport

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22
Q

Definition: movement of water across cell membranes from less concentrated solution to more concentrated solution

A

Osmosis

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23
Q

Definition: concentration of solutes

A

osmolality

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24
Q

Greatest determinants of osmolality in ECF:

A

sodium, glucose, urea

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25
Q

Greatest determinants of osmolality in ICF:

A

potassium, glucose, urea

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26
Q

When Hydrostatic pressure is high:

A

ECF volume excess occurs; the increased fluid volume in the vascular compartment congests the veins

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27
Q

_____ _____ pulls fluid into the capillaries, usually in response to the presence of albumin and other plasma proteins made by the liver.

A

Osmotic pressure

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28
Q

Definition: power of solution to draw water across membrane

A

Osmotic Pressure

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29
Q

Definition: plasma proteins pull water from interstitial space into vascular compartment

A

Colloid Osmotic Pressure (oncotic pressure)

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30
Q

Definition: osmolality of solution

A

tonicity

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31
Q

3 types of tonicity

A
  • isotonic
  • hypertonic
  • hypotonic
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32
Q

Definition: same osmolality as body fluids

A

isotonic solution

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33
Q

Definition: higher osmolality than body fluids

A

hypertonic solution

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34
Q

Definition: lower osmolality than body fluids

A

hypotonic solution

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35
Q

Definition: movement of fluid and solutes together across a membrane from one compartment to another

A

Filtration/hydrostatic pressure

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36
Q

Definition: pressure a fluid exerts on walls in closed system

A

hydrostatic pressure

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37
Q

Filtration = from area of _____ pressure to _____ pressure

A

higher, lower

38
Q

average amount fluid intake through drinking

39
Q

average amount fluid intake through water in food

40
Q

average amount fluid intake through water of oxidation

41
Q

Total average fluid intake at moderate activity and temp.

A

2400-2700/2500

42
Q

average fluid output through urine

43
Q

average fluid output through stool

44
Q

average fluid output through skin

A

250-450 (insensible loss)

45
Q

average fluid output through sweat

46
Q

average fluid output through lungs

A

350-400 (insensible loss)

47
Q

average fluid output at moderate activity and temp.

48
Q

urine output should be equal to…

A

.5mL/kg/hr

49
Q

Thirst is regulated in the _____

A

hypothalamus

50
Q

Normal serum levels of Sodium

A

135-145 mEq/L

51
Q

What is the most abundant cation in ECF

52
Q

Sodium controls and regulates _____ _____ in the body.

A

water balance

53
Q

Normal serum level for Potassium

A

3.5-5.3 mEq/L

54
Q

major cation in ICF

A

Potassium

*only a small amount found in plasma and interstitial fluid.

55
Q

Which 2 electrolytes contributes to serum osmolality

A

sodium, chloride

56
Q

Which electrolyte regulates ECF volume and distribution

57
Q

Which electrolyte maintains ICF osmolality

58
Q

Which electrolyte transmits nerve and other electrical impulses

59
Q

Which 4 electrolytes regulate acid-base balance

A

potassium, chloride, phosphate, & Bicarbonate

60
Q

T/F: potassium must be ingested daily

61
Q

Which electrolyte is vital for skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle function/activity

62
Q

Normal serum level for calcium

A

9-11 mg/dl

63
Q

Where is the most calcium found

A

skeletal system

64
Q

Which electrolyte is vital in regulating muscle contraction and relaxation

65
Q

Normal serum levels for Magnesium

A

1.5-2.5 mEq/L

66
Q

Where is magnesium found

A

skeletal system, ICF

67
Q

Second most abundant ICF cation

68
Q

Which electrolyte is responsible for intracellular metabolism

69
Q

Which electrolyte is responsible for protein, DNA synthesis

70
Q

Which electrolyte operates sodium-potassium pump

71
Q

Which electrolyte regulates cardiac, neuromuscular function

72
Q

Which electrolyte relaxes muscle contractions

73
Q

Which electrolyte is used in the body to synthesize ingested protein

74
Q

_____ can occur from immobility. Ambulation of the client helps to prevent leaching of _____ from the bones into the serum.

A

Hypercalcemia, calcium

75
Q

Normal serum level for Chloride

A

95-105 mEq/L

76
Q

major anion of ECF

77
Q

Which electrolyte regulate ECF balance

78
Q

Which electrolyte is a major component of stomach fluids

79
Q

Which electrolyte is a buffer in oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange

80
Q

Normal serum level for Phosphate

A

2.4-4.5 mg/dL in adults

81
Q

Are normal phosphate levels higher or lower in children compared to adults

A

much higher

82
Q

major anion of ICF

83
Q

Which electrolyte forms bones and teeth

84
Q

Which electrolyte is responsible for metabolism of protein, fat, and carbohydrates

85
Q

Which electrolyte is responsible for cellular metabolism

86
Q

Which electrolyte is responsible for muscle, nerve, RBC function

87
Q

Which electrolyte regulates calcium levels

88
Q

Infants lose more fluid through _____

A

kidneys, because their kidneys are immature

89
Q

T/F: immature kidneys are less able to conserve water

90
Q

The pediatric client with the greatest risk for dehydration is the client who is under ____ years of age

91
Q

T/F: More rapid respirations increases insensible fluid loss, putting the pediatric client at an even greater risk of dehydration and if elevated even more for other reasons, will put them even at a greater risk

Nursing 2300 (VIcky Hansen) (64 decks)

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