Unit 1 Quiz

Question 1

According to the author of your text, which of the following would be (an) appropriate part(s) of the answer to the question, “Is psychology a science”
a. some aspects of psychology are scientific
b. some aspects of psychology are not yet scientific, but someday they may be
c. some aspects of psychology will probably never be scientific
d. all of these choices are appropriate answers

Answer 1

d

Question 2

Which two methods of attaining knowledge are combined in science?
a. intuition and rationalism
b. rationalism and empiricism
c. introspection and controlled observation
d. empiricism and faith

Answer 2

b

Question 3

____ stresses the emotional or unconscious determinants of human behaviour
a. Naive realism
b. Irrationalism
c. Mechanism
d. Vitalism

Answer 3

b

Question 4

The ___ believes that because cognitive processes such as intentions, values and beliefs intervene between experience and behaviour, humans are responsible for their actions
a. hard determinist
b. soft determinist
c. interdeterminist
d. all of these choices

Answer 4

b

Question 5

The position that states mental and physiological reactions are two aspects of the same experience and cannot be separated is called:
a. preestablished harmony
b. double aspectism
c. epiphenomenalism
d. psychophysical parallelism

Answer 5

b

Question 6

Which of the following represents a dualistic position on the mind-body question?
a. idealism
b. materialism
c. monism
d. epiphenomenalism

Answer 6

d

Question 7

If any conceivable observation supports a theory, Popper would conclude that the theory is
a. weak
b. insignificant
c. the type that all sciences hope to develop
d. falsifiable

Answer 7

a

Question 8

Presentism assumes that
a. only the present is important
b. to truly understand something you must be present to observe it
c. the present state of a discipline is its best, most fully developed state
d. history should be studied for its own sake, without regard for how historical events relate to present events

Answer 8

c

Question 9

The approach to writing a history of psychology that combines the best of several approaches is referred to as
a. presentism
b. eclecticism
c. historicism
d. the Zeitgeist approach

Answer 9

b

Question 10

Which of the following is not one of the persisting questions in psychology as described in the opening chapter
a. What is the origin of knowledge?
b. Can machines think?
c. How are animals related to humans?
d. How do we maintain unity and continuity of self?

Answer 10

b

Question 11

According to Plato
a. reality was essential as Socrates had described it
b. true knowledge could be attained only through empirical observation
c. nothing in the empirical world was perfect or knowable
d. mathematical knowledge was inferior to empirical knowledge

Answer 11

c

Question 12

Which of the following was true of Aristotle’s philosophy?
a. it followed in the Pythagorean rather than the Hippocratic tradition
b. it assumed that knowledge could be attained only by studying nature directly
c. it assumed that the body was a hindrance in the search for knowledge
d. it assumed that gaining knowledge was a matter of remembering the contents of the soul

Answer 12

b

Question 13

Plato’s philosophy ___ the development of science
a. enhanced
b. inhibited
c. caused
d. prevented

Answer 13

a

Question 14

Those who said so-called universals were nothing more than convenient labels were called
a. nominalists
b. realists
c. rationalists
d. nativists

Answer 14

a

Question 15

The force that transforms matter into a particular form is its ___ cause
a. material
b. formal
c. efficient
d. final

Answer 15

c

Question 16

According to Aristotle, we perceive environmental objects because
a. tiny copies of them enter the pores of the body
b. their movement influences a medium, which in turn stimulates one or more of the fives senses
c. their eidola go through one or more of the five senses and then to the heart
d. their eidola go through one or more of the five senses and then to the brain

Answer 16

b

Question 17

For Aristotle, the greatest happiness came from
a. satisfying biological appetites
b. thinking rationally
c. selectively perceiving
d. acting impulsively

Answer 17

b

Question 18

According to Aristotle, the unmoved mover
a. was God
b. was nature
c. set nature in motion and did little else
d. is the same thing as the form of good

Answer 18

c

Question 19

During the period before the Renaissance, which of the following was not true?
a. astrology was extremely popular
b. superstitions characterized almost all people including peasants, kings and the clergy
c. nonbelievers in the church were treated poorly and were dealt with severely
d. scientific inquiry and reason were encouraged

Answer 19

d

Question 20

According to Aquinas
a. only humans possessed rational souls
b. both human and nonhuman animals possessed rational souls
c. salvation was available to both human and nonhuman animals
d. Aristotle’s philosophy was as scared as the Bible

Answer 20

a

Question 21

According to Bacon, the human tendency to see events as they would like them constituted the
a. idol of the cave
b. idol of the tribe
c. idol of the marketplace
d. idol of the theatre

Answer 21

b

Question 22

All of the following were true of Descartes’ philosophy except
a. it demonstrated conclusively that humans could be understood as machines
b. it brought attention to the mechanical aspects of human behaviour
c. it specified interactionism with such clarify that others could accept or reject it
d. it stimulated the development of physiological and comparative psychology

Answer 22

a

Question 23

Descartes followed all the following rules while seeking certainty except
a. avoid all prejudgments
b. proceed in an orderly fashion from the simple to the complex
c. accept only conclusions that are beyond any doubt
d. always proceed from the general to the specific

Answer 23

d

Question 24

During the Renaissance, Europe gradually switched from being ___-centered to being ___-centered
a. God; human
b. human; God
c. individual; society
d. culture; society

Answer 24

a

Question 25

According to Bacon, science should utilize
a. bold theories
b. hypotheses
c. mathematical analyses
d. only the direct observation of nature

Answer 25

d

Question 26

According to Galileo, all of the following were true of secondary qualities except
a. they correspond to nothing that exists in the physical world
b. they are merely names we give to certain psychological experiences
c. they are irrelevant to an understanding of the physical world
d. they are the only qualities of which we can be certain

Answer 26

d

Question 27

According to Erasmus, among those listed below, who was least likely to speak the truth
a. fools
b. children
c. drunkards
d. philosophers

Answer 27

d

Question 28

Among the Renaissance humanists, skepticism was most clearly demonstrated by
a. Montaigne
b. Pico
c. Petrarch
d. Luther

Answer 28

a

Question 29

Petrarch believed all of the following except
a. the human spirit should be freed from medieval traditions
b. religion should be like that described by St. Augustine
c. life in this world is at least as important as life after death
d. Scholasticism contained most of the solutions to human problems

Answer 29

d

Question 30

According to Bacon, scientific theory
a. acted as an effective guide for scientific research
b. biased observations
c. was useful only if it was non-mathematical
d. was useful only if it yielded useful deductions

Answer 30

b