Chapter 2 Key Terms Flashcards
What is the active reason according to Aristotle?
The highest form of thinking forming concepts or invents an object of thought through the behavioral process abstraction
Individuals who live their lives based on sensory experience
The lowest form of thinking based on images of empirical objects
The force that transforms a thing
The highest form of thinking forming concepts or invents an object of thought through the bheaivoural process abstraction
What is the allegory of the cave?
The faculty of the soul that searches for essences or abstract concepts
Individuals who live their lives based on sensory experience
The lowest type of understanding based on images of empirical objects
Plato’s description of individuals who live their lives in accordance with the shadows of reality provided by sensory experience instead of in accordance with the true reality beyond sensory experience
Plato’s description of individuals who live their lives in accordance with the shadows of reality provided by sensory experience instead of in accordance with the true reality beyond sensory experience
What is the analogy of the divided line?
The faculty of the soul that searches for essences or abstract concepts
Plato’s illustration of his contention that there is a hierarchy of understanding
The lowest type of understanding based on images of empirical objects
Individuals who live their lives based on sensory experience
Plato’s illustration of his contention that there is a hierarchy of understanding
What is common sense according to Aristotle?
The faculty of the soul that searches for essences or abstract concepts
The faculty located in the heart that synthesizes the information provided by the five senses
The force that transforms a thing
The purpose for which a thing exists
The faculty located in the heart that synthesizes the information provided by the five senses
What is the efficient cause according to Aristotle?
The faculty of the soul that searches for essences or abstract concepts
Individuals who live their lives based on sensory experience
The force that transforms a thing
The purpose for which a thing exists
The force that transforms a thing
What is entelechy according to Aristotle?
The faculty of the soul that searches for essences or abstract concepts
The purpose for which a thing exists, which remains potential until actualized
That indispensable characteristic of a thing that gives it its unique identity
The form of a thing
The purpose for which a thing exists, which remains a potential until actualized
What is essence?
The faculty of the soul that searches for essences or abstract concepts
The purpose for which a thing exists
That indispensable characteristic of a thing that gives it its unique identity
The form of a thing
That indispensable characteristic of a thing that gives it its unique identity
What is the final cause according to Aristotle?
The faculty of the soul that searches for essences or abstract concepts
The purpose for which a thing exists
That indispensable characteristic of a thing that gives it its unique identity
The form of a thing
The purpose for which a thing exists
What is the formal cause according to Aristotle?
The faculty of the soul that searches for essences or abstract concepts
The purpose for which a thing exists
That indispensable characteristic of a thing that gives it its unique identity
The form of a thing
The form of a thing
What are forms according to Plato?
The faculty of the soul that searches for essences or abstract concepts
The purpose for which a thing exists
The pure, abstract realities that are unchanging and timeless
The form of a thing
The pure, abstract realities that are unchanging and timeless
What is the golden mean?
The faculty of the soul that searches for essences or abstract concepts
The purpose for which a thing exists
The rule Aristotle suggested people follow to avoid excesses and to live a life of moderation
The form of a thing
The rule Aristotle suggested people follow to avoid excesses and to live a life of moderation
What is introspection?
The faculty of the soul that searches for essences or abstract concepts
The careful examination of one’s subjective experiences
The rule Aristotle suggested people follow to avoid excesses and to live a life of moderation
The form of a thing
The careful examination of one’s subjective experiences
What is the law of contiguity?
A thought of something will tend to cause thoughts of things that are usually experienced along with it
The careful examination of one’s subjective experiences
The rule Aristotle suggested people follow to avoid excesses and to live a life of moderation
The form of a thing
A thought of something will tend to cause thoughts of things that are usually experienced along with it
What is the law of contrast?
A thought of something will tend to cause thoughts of things that are usually experienced along with it
The careful examination of one’s subjective experiences
A thought of something will tend to cause thoughts of opposite things
The form of a thing
A thought of something will tend to cause thoughts of opposite things
What is the law of frequency?
A thought of something will tend to cause thoughts of things that are usually experienced along with it
The careful examination of one’s subjective experiences
In general, the more often events are experienced together, the stronger they become associated in memory
The form of a thing
In general, the more often events are experienced together, the stronger they become associated in memory
What is the law of similarity?
A thought of something will tend to cause thoughts of things that are usually experienced along with it
The careful examination of one’s subjective experiences
In general, the more often events are experienced together, the stronger they become associated in memory
A thought of something will tend to cause thoughts of similar things
A thought of something will tend to cause thoughts of similar things
What are the laws of association?
The faculty of the soul that searches for essences or abstract concepts
The careful examination of one’s subjective experiences
The laws thought responsible for holding mental events together in memory
The form of a thing
The laws thought responsible for holding mental events together in memory
What is the material cause according to Aristotle?
The faculty of the soul that searches for essences or abstract concepts
What a thing is made of
The laws thought responsible for holding mental events together in memory
The form of a thing
What a thing is made of
What is passive reason according to Aristotle?
The faculty of the soul that searches for essences or abstract concepts
The practical utilization of the information provided by the common sense
The laws thought responsible for holding mental events together in memory
The form of a thing
The practical utilization of the information provided by the common sense
What is physis?
The faculty of the soul that searches for essences or abstract concepts
A primary substance or element from which everything is thought to be derived
The laws thought responsible for holding mental events together in memory
The form of a thing
A primary substance or element from which everything is thought to be derived
What is rational soul?
The faculty of the soul that searches for essences or abstract concepts
A primary substance or element from which everything is thought to be derived
The laws thought responsible for holding mental events together in memory
The form of a thing
The faculty of the soul that searches for essences or abstract concepts
According to Aristotle, who possesses the soul?
Humans
Animals
Plants
All living beings
Humans
What are the functions of the sensitive soul?
Interacting with the environment and retaining information
Growth, nutrition, and reproduction
Thinking about events in the empirical world
Abstraction of concepts
Interacting with the environment and retaining information
What is teleology?
The belief that nature is purposive
The belief in abstract ideas or forms
The arrangement of nature in a hierarchy
The purpose of the unmoved mover
The belief that nature is purposive
What is the theory of forms?
Ultimate reality consists of abstract ideas or forms
Nature is arranged in a hierarchy
The soul possesses the functions of growth, nutrition, and reproduction
Nature is purposive
Ultimate reality consists of abstract ideas or forms
What is the unmoved mover according to Aristotle?
What gives nature its purpose
The soul possessed by animals
The logical necessity in Aristotle’s philosophy
The soul possessed by plants
What gives nature its purpose
What are the functions of the vegetative soul?
Growth, nutrition, and reproduction
Interacting with the environment and retaining information
Thinking about events in the empirical world
Abstraction of concepts
Growth, nutrition, and reproduction
