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Biology 116 > Unikont Diversity IV > Flashcards

Unikont Diversity IV Flashcards

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1
Q

phylum echinodermata

A

ancestra protist, eumetazoa, bilateria, deutro; ex: sea star; larvae exhibit bilateral sym; 5 part sym in adult body; internal endoskeleton made of CaCO3 w spines that project outward; water vascular system = fluid filled canals and chambers (feeding and gas extange)

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2
Q

phylum chordata

A

ap, eumetazoa, bilateria, deutro; inverts and verts

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3
Q

deuterostomia

A

ap, eumetz, bilateria; radial and indet cleavage; blastopore becomes anus

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4
Q

chordates

A

sister group = echinodetmata; big four shared set of derived characteristic at some point in life cycle: (1) notochord (2) doral, hollow, nerve chord (3) pharyngael gill slits (4) muscular, post-anal tail

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5
Q

notochord

A

firm, flexible longitudinal supporting rod; functions as internal skeleton in all chordate embrys and some adults; forerunner of backbone; loacted btwn gut and nerve chord; big 4

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6
Q

dorsal, hollow, nerve chord

A

big 4; all non chordates have ventral, solid nerve chords; develops into CNS via cephalization

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7
Q

pharyngeal gill slits

A

big 4; ancestor was prob suspension feeder

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8
Q

muscular, post-anal tail

A

big 4; extends beyond posterior anus

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9
Q

lancelets

A

basal clade of chordates; most basal group; marine suspension feeders; inverts

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10
Q

tunicates

A

basal clade of chordates; invests; marine susp feeders; char by having one set of hox genes

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11
Q

vertebrates chordates

A

chordate characteristis most evident during embryonic stages; adults w backone made of bone or cartilage; 2 or more sets of hox increases genetic complexity

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12
Q

hagfishes and lampreys

A

basal clade of vert chordates; only living verts w/o jaws; rudimentary vertebrae made of cartilage

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13
Q

gnathostomes

A

chordates w vert; jaw mouth; hinged jaw; 4 set of hox genes; basal clade: chondrichthyes

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14
Q

chondrichthyes

A

basal clade of gnathostomes; acquatic; cartilage skeleton; cartilage fish (sharks, rays)

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15
Q

osteichthyoes

A

chordates w vert; bony skeleton w hard matrix made of calcium phosphate; have lungs that supplement gas extange by gills; basal clade: actinoterygii

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16
Q

actinopterygii

A

basal clade of osteichthyoes; acquatic, raytinned rish (trout, tune,salmon)

17
Q

lobe-finned fish

A

chordates w vert; muscular fins or limbs increase locomotion; basal clades: actinistia and dipnoi

18
Q

actinistia

A

basal clade of lobe-finned fish; coelocanths

19
Q

dipnoi

A

basal clade of lobe-finned fish; lungfish w lungs and gills; sister group of tetrapods

20
Q

tetrapods

A

chordates; 4 limbs; neck; fused pelvic girdle or walking not swimming; basal clade: amphibia; amniotes

21
Q

amphibia

A

basal clade of tetrapods; 1st tetrapods; eggs must be laid in water or damp env (acquatic larvae); thin, moist, skin; frogs, salamanders

22
Q

amniotes

A

tetrapods; amniotic egg; rib-cage ventilation where lungs are specialized; amnion; reptila; birds

23
Q

amnion

A

membrane that form fluid filled sac around embryo

24
Q

reptila

A

tetrapods; amniotes; hard, dry scale w keratin (protein) for protection; ectothermic; shelled eggs laid on land

25
Q

ectothermic

A

body temp fluctuates w env (ex: lizards, snakes)

26
Q

birds

A

tetrapods; amniotes; anterior limbs = wings; feather light skeleton for flight; endothermic

27
Q

endothermic

A

maintain constant metabloic E to maintain constant body temp

28
Q

mammalia

A

tetrapods; amniotes; mammary glands that produce milk; give birth to live young; have fair and fat layer under skin to retain heat; endothermic w high metabolic rate; eff cell resp and circ sys

29
Q

monotremes

A

mammalia; lays eggs (ancestral mammals); hair and milk but no nipples; ex: platypus, echinda

30
Q

marsupials

A

mammalia; have nipples; live young; placenta; opossums, kangaroos, koalas; early birth need marsupium (“pouch)

31
Q

placenta

A

nutr and waste exchange btwn mother and embryo

32
Q

eutherians

A

mammalia; placental mammals w more complex exhange sys; long pregancies = greater embryoic dev

Biology 116 (27 decks)

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