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Biology 116 > Nervous System Organization > Flashcards

Nervous System Organization Flashcards

1
Q

cnidarian NS

A

simplies animals w NS: no central control organ no brain; have nerve net of interconnected nerve cells w impulses conducted in both directions that are spread throughout body

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2
Q

sea star (echinoderm) NS

A

made up nerves; central control - nerve ring; radial nerve that recieve info from MR and send to appropriate muscles

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3
Q

nerves

A

axons of multiple neurons

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4
Q

planarian (pladtyhelminthes) NS

A

bilateral; simplist CNS w brain + eyespot to detect stimuli at anterior end; ladder type NS w 2 longitudinal nerve chords w traversing nerve

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5
Q

annelids + arthropods NS

A

bilateral; complex brain w ganglie

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6
Q

ganglia

A

clust of neurons in highly organized repeated pattern

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7
Q

vert NS

A

true CNS w brain and spinal chord; true PNS w nerve and ganglia; complex NS

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8
Q

NS complexity correlation

A

dictated by org lifestyle; ex: chiton is slow moving mollusc w simple NS; ex: squid is active predator mollusc w more complex NS

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9
Q

glial cells

A

support cell w/i NS; types: ependymal, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, schwann, radial glia

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10
Q

ependymal cells

A

lines CNS cavities; char by cilia that circulate cerebrospinal fluid; glial cells

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11
Q

astrocytes

A

glial cells; stimulate endothelial cells in blood vessels to form tight junction to form blod/brain barrier; in CNS; promote vasodilation near active neurons to inc O2 and glucose; help make CNS fluids by removing excess K+ and NTs

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12
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

glial cells; in CNS; pm rich in myelin; forms myelin sheath around CNS axons

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13
Q

axons

A

electrically insulated; salatory conduction

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14
Q

microglia

A

glial cells; found near CNS blood vessels; CNS immune cells; phagocytic

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15
Q

phagocytic

A

eat foregin invaders and cell debris

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16
Q

schwann cell

A

glial cells; PNS; pm rich in myelin; produce myellin sheath around PNS axons

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17
Q

radial glia

A

glial cells; function during embryonic dev to form tracks; newly formed neurons migrate from neural tube and move along tracks to correct place

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18
Q

central nervous system

A

spinal cord + brain

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19
Q

spinal cord

A

links btwn brain + rest of NS

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20
Q

SC structure

A

small central hollow canal; white matter surrounds gray matter; grey matter surround cannal

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21
Q

white matter

A

w myelin

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22
Q

grey matter

A

no myelin

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23
Q

SC functions

A

transmits impulses to and from bran; controls reflex actions: involuntary responses to stimuli, indep of brain influence, predictable + autonomic

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24
Q

knee jerk reflex

A

knee sensory receptors detect sudden strech in quad muscles; info sent to spinal cord; spinal cord integrates info: moto neurons tell quads to contract + interneurons send info to hamdstrings to relax (no brain)

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25
peripheral nervous system
transmit info to and from CNS
26
PNS composition
sensory receptors detect stimuli; cranial and spinal nerves
27
cranial nerves
from hind part of brain; innervate head and upper body; innervate head + upper body
28
spinal nerves
from spinal cord; innervate entire body
29
PNS components
afferent sensory; efferent motor system
30
afferent sensory
PNS; info towards CNS from sensory receptors; viseral and somatic components
31
viseral component
afferent sensory PNS; internal env infor sent to CNS; unaware
32
somatic component
afferent sensory PNS; external env infor sent to CNS; aware
33
efferent motor system
PNS; moving away from CNS to effectors; autonomic NS and motor system
34
motor system
efferent motor system PNS; efferent neurons to skeletal muscles; conscious control of actions; controls spinal cords reflexes
35
autonomic NS
efferent motor system PNS; efferent neurons in glands, heart, + smooth muscles for involuntary actions; no receptors just effectors; 3 divisions: enteric, sympathetic, parasympathetic
36
enteric division
efferent motor system PNS; autonomic NS; digestive sys; controls pancreas + gall bladder
37
sympathetic division
efferent motor system PNS; autonomic NS; fight or flight responses in time of extreme stress; inc HR, resp rate, met rate; dilates air passages to inc O2 and glucose delivery; dec digestion bc not important rn
38
parasympathetic division
efferet motor sys PNS; autonomic NS; rest + digest responses to conserve + restore E; dec HR, resp rate; inc digestion
39
vert embryonic dev
embryo develop neural tube which split into posterior and anterior
40
posterior nerual tube dev
spinal cord
41
anterior neural tube dev
brain
42
brain dev
forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
43
forebrain dev
telencephalon, diencephalon
44
midbrain dev
mesencephalon
45
hindbrain dev
metencephalon, myencephalon
46
forebrain
olfactory bulb; cerebrum - complex processing and learning
47
olfactory bulb
detects sent
48
midbrain
coordinates sensory input
49
hindbrain
forms cerebellum; size corelated w muscle activity
50
size of brain regions in ray finned fish
expores env w olfaction, vision, lateral line sys: relatively large olf bulb; relatively small cerebrum bs no higher order thinking; rel large hindbrain; rel large mid brain
51
cerebrum functions
skeletal muscle contractions for voluntary movements; center for learning, memroy, emotion, perception; higher order
52
right + left hemispheres of cerebrum
left side percieves info from + controls movement of right side of body + vice versa
53
corpus collosum
band of axon that allow communication btwn R/L cerebral cortices in cerebrum
54
inner portion of cerebrum
white matter; myelinated
55
outer portion of cerebrum
grey matter; unmyelinated; cerebral cortex w convolutions and fissures
56
cerebral cortex
part of cerebrum; 4 regions: frontal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, parietal lobe
57
frontal lobe
part of cerebral cortex; motor cortex - skeletal muscle; prefrontal cortex - decision making and planning; Broca's area - motor speech, talking
58
temporal lobe
part of cerebral cortex; auditory lobe - hearing; wernicke's area - lang comprehension
59
occipital lobe
part of cerebral cortex; visual cortex - recieves and analyzes visual info; visual associations cortex - combines images and object recognition
60
parietal lobe
part of cerebral cortex; sensory associations cortex - integrates sensory info; somato sensory cortex - interprete sensory info from skin, body awareness
61
body part representation
neurons arranged according to part of body that generates sensory input or recieves moto commands; cerebral cortex
62
cerebellum
back of brain; coordination of movement, balance, learning, memory, motor skills; reieves info about position of joints + length of muscles; monitor motor commands from cerebellum - hand eye coordination; recieves info from auditory + visual sys
63
diencephalon
divison of thalamus and hypothalamus
64
thalamus
main input center for sensory info going to cerebellum; sends info to appropriate ceneters for processing
65
hypothalamus
regulates pitutiary gland + basic drives (thrist, sex, rage, hunger); link NS w Es for homeostasis
66
brain stem
midbrain; pons, medulla
67
midbrain of brain stem
recieves + integrates sensory info; sends to specific brain regions
68
pons
brain stem; resp + sleep center
69
medulla
brain stem; sits on top + is continuous w spinal cord; control center for: resp, HR, BP

Biology 116 (27 decks)

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