Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 116 > Circulation > Flashcards

Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

animals w/o CS

A

flatworm, cnidarians, nematodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 basic components of CS

A

(1) circ fluid (2) vessel network (3) heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

heart

A

muscular pump pushing fluid through vessel network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

2 types of CS

A

open and closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

open CS

A

w hemolymph; w heart; has low pressure that forces hemolymph throughout body + spread out; disadv: ineff; adv: less costly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

hemolymph

A

circ fluid in open CS; aka ISF bathing tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

heart in open CS

A

undergoes contraction where hymolymph is pumped through circ vesselt o interconnected sinuses; undergoes relaxations where hymolymph is sucked back into heart via pores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

closed CS

A

blood is circ fluid w/i vessels + diff then ISF; heart pumps blood into large vessels that branch into smaller vessels that get to organs; adv = high BP for big active animals is more eff sys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

vert circ

A

cardiovascular sys; closed sys w blood (circ fluid), blood vessels (3 types), heart w 2+ muscular chambers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

3 types of blood vessels

A

arteries, capillaries, veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

arteries

A

brings blood away from heart to organs of body; divide into arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

arteriole

A

deliver blood to capillaries; part of arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

capillaries

A

microscopic blood vessels that infiltrate organs; capillary beds; merge togther to form venules; movement of substance btwn blood +tissue: diffusion, gas exchange, waste removal, nutr arrival; prob = not all fluid returns to caps (~15% remains) solved via lymphatic sys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

capillary beds

A

network of caps; infiltrate tissues + exchange material w blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

veins

A

recieve blood from venules; sandwiched in btwn muscles; muscle movement; venus pressure allows blood to move along veins; valves = open/close to prevent backflow blood toward heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

atrium

A

1 or 2 atria dep on spp; recieves blood returning from tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ventricle

A

1 or 2 dep on spp; pumps blood away from heart to arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

fish circ

A

single circulation; heart w 2 chambers: 1 atrium, 1 ventricle; single circ not very eff: BP dropes in cap bed in gills; O2 rich blood reaches other organs slowly; swimming = muscle movement, increases circ, vital for fish to stay in action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

single circulation

A

blood flow = single circuit; atrium pumps blood intno ventricle; ventricle contracts pumps blood to arteries; blood to cap beds in gills (O2 poor); net diffusion of O2 into blood, CO2 out of blood (O2 rich); caps (deliever O2) converge into vessel that carries blood to cap beds in rest of body; blood returns to atrium via veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

amphibian circ

A

double circulation; heart w 3 chambers: 2 atria + 1 ventriclue; adv = more vigorous blood flow bs blood gets repressurized twice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

double circulation

A

ventricle pumps blood into forked artery directed 2 circuits: pulmocutaneous + systemic; both atria pump into single ventricle ridge in venticle diverts most O2 rich blood to sys circuit + O2 poor blood into pulmocutaneous circuit some mixing of O2 rich + O2 poor amphibian can adjust circ: in water sends O2 rich to lungs, on land sends O2 rich blod to skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

pulmocutaneous circuit

A

transports blood to lungs/skin; blood picks up O2 (O2 rich); circuit returns to LA via veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

systemic circuit

A

transport O2 rich blood to organs (need O2) returns blood to RA via veins

24
Q

mammals + birds circ

A

double circ; 4 chambered heart: 2 atria + 2 ventricle, double circuit w system + pulmonary circuits completely seperate

25
cardiac cycle
one complete sequence of filling + pumping (~75 bpm); 2 portions: systole - contraction phase, diastole - relaxation phase; both = one cycle; in human heart
26
cardiac output
in human heart; vol of blood pump by LV per min; pump to circ; CO = HR x SV; heart rate (bpm); stroke vol - vol of blood pumped in one contraction
27
4 valves in human heart
prevent backflow; blood flow = unidirectional; 2 artioventicular values right AV 1st left AV 2nd; 2 semilumar valves
28
artioventricular valves
btwn atrium + ventricle; blood returning from tissues fill up atria; BP pressisng on AV valves forces them open; ventricles fill w blood; ventricles contract; AV valves closed no backblow to atria; human heart
29
semilumar valves
human heart; btwn ventricle + exits of heart; forced open via ventricular contraction; pulmonary valve (1st btwn RV + pulmonary artery) and aortic valve (2nd btwn LV + aorta)
30
2 main heart sounds due to valves closing
lub and dup
31
lub
1st; low pitched long lasting sounds; AV valves closing
32
dup
2nd; higher pitched shorter lasting; SL valves closing
33
heart murmur
abnormal blood flow; SL valve damaged; back flow into ventricles; lub-shh
34
heartbeat
SA node = pacemaker; mass of cardiac muscle at RA autorhythmically initiates each heartbeat generates APs on its own triggered via Ca2+ channels opening depol AP (artifical pacemaker replaces SA node) SA node impulse spreads rapidly through atrial walls atria contracts during contraction impulse moves SA node to AV node purposeful delay MAKE GRAPHIC
35
3 regulators of heart rate
(1) nervous sys (2) endocrine sys (3) temperature
36
nervous sys HR reg
w/i heart BVs are baroreceptors (sensory receptors) that sense BP changes when stimulated send signals to cardiac signals to cardiac cneter in brain medulla; cardiac centers control 2 sets of autonomic nerves going to SA node: sympathetic nerves (fight or flight inc HR + inc strength of contraction), parasympathic nerves (rest + digest dec HR)
37
endocrine sys HR reg
during stress adrenal medulla stimulated by sympathetic nerves; AM releases epinepherine inc HR
38
temperature HR reg
inc temp (fever) inc HR; dec temp dec HR
39
3 layers of arteries + veins
endothelium; smooth muscle; connective tissue
40
endothelium
inner most; lines lumen; provides smooth surface; minimizes resistance to blood flow
41
smooth muscle
middle; thicker, stronger more flexible in arteries than in veins
42
connective tissue
outer; outer coat w elastic collagen fibers; provides support
43
capillary
endothelium + basal lamina; only location of exchange btwn blood and ISF; at least 1 cap next to every single cell; ~60,000 miles
44
plasma
fluid component of blood; blood under high pressure; in closed CS some plasma forced out into tissues; this is ISF (bathes tissues): blood still in CS, out of CS no RBCs
45
RBCs
contains some proteins, less solutes than blood, hypotonic to blood
46
blood pressure
pressure exerted on cap wall due to heart pumping pushes plasma out of caps (ISF)
47
osmotic pressure
blood is hypertonic to ISF so ISF wants to flow back into blood
48
BP + OP
fluid moves back + forth btwn caps + tissues via opposing forces; @ arterial end of cap BP > OP net movement out of cap; @ venous end cap BP < OP net movement back into cap
49
lymphatic system
lymph movement due to rhythmic contractions of vessel walls skeletal muscles contract fluid movement; lyphetic's all over the body conduct lymph ducts; one way flow: tissues, lymph, CS
50
3 functions of lymphatic system
(1) collect + return ISF to blood maintains fluid balance (2) absorbs lipids from DT (3) pathogen defense
51
lymph structures
lymph, lymph vessel, lymph nodes
52
lymph
LS fluid
53
lymph vessels
throughout body almost all tissue infiltrated
54
lymph nodes
connective tissue w lots of WBCs; pathogens filtered out of lymph + killed
55
edema
lymphatic injury; swelling due to ISF accumulation; fluid builds up in tissues bc vessels not taking it to lymphatics + back to CS; due to lymph vessel blockage

Biology 116 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions