Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 116 > Reproduction II > Flashcards

Reproduction II Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

function of female repro

A

produce ova (eggs); recieve penis and sperm; lactation; houses and nourishes embryo until birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ovary

A

female gonade; in abdominal cavity; held in place by ligaments; produces gametes and sex hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

female gametes

A

oocytes via oogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

female sex hormones

A

estradiol and progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

oviducts (fallopian tubes)

A

extend from uterus to each ovary; funnel shaped portion covers ovary; secondary oocyte from ovary will go to oviduct and move down oviduct into uterus via beating cilia and contractions; site of fert; if no fert secondary oocyte degenerates in oviduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

uterus (womb)

A

myometrium and endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

myometrium

A

thick, smooth muscle wall, expands during pregnancy; part of uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

endometrium

A

part of uterus; connective tissue, glands, blood vessels; cyclically thickens in prep for a possible pregnancy; if fert embryo implants here; if no fert thickened tissue sloughed off (menstruation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cervix

A

lower portion of uterus; seperates uterus from vagina; common cancer via HPV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

vagina

A

muscular tissue; extends outside body; receives penis and sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

oogenesis embryonic dev

A

primordial germ cells (2n) in dev female embryo; mitosis and dev; oogonium (2n) formed during embryonic dev, no new formation after birth; mitosis and dev; primary oocyte (2n) at birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

oogenesis after birth

A

begin meiosis arrested at prophase I; female born w 1-2 mil primary oocytes and about 200k remain at sexual maturity; primary oocytes remain dormant until puberty when hormones act on them and they complete meiosis I and are areested at metaphase II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

location of primary oocyte

A

follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

follicle

A

primary oocyte; follicle cells; zona pellucida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

follicle cells

A

in follicle; protective barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

zona pellucida

A

btwn primary oocyte and follicle cell; thick layer of glycoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

follicles each month

A

6-12 matures; primary oocyte grows FC divide; after 1 wk 1 follicle larger than others and cont to grow/dev

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

primary oocyte

A

complete meiosis I 8-10 hrs before release from ovary; unequal cytokinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

unequal cytokinesis

A

in primary oocyte; polar body (n) is smaller and secondary oocyte is larger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

polar body

A

n; unequal cytokinesis of primary oocyte; disintegrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ovulation

A

secondary oocyte matures and moves to ovary surface; FC secrete fluid, estrogen, proteolytic enz and breakdwn small area of ovary wall; secondary oocyte ejected and enters oviduct

22
Q

corpus luteum

A

“yellow body”; portion of follicle left in ovary after ovulation; temporary endrocrine gland that secretes estrogen and lots of progesterone

23
Q

secondary oocyte if no sperm fert

A

disintegrates; corpus luteum dies (“luteolysis”); start of new cycle; menstruation occurs

24
Q

secondary oocyte if sperm fert

A

meiosis II completed; mature egg and sperm head fuse genome; oogenesis complete

25
Q

menstural cycle

A

thickening of endometrium before ovulation; intermittent and cyclic fertility; no synchronized w sexual receptiveness; repeated every 28 days unless fert occurs then preg prep begins

26
Q

estrous cycle

A

fertil and “in heat”; sexually receptive at only certain time of a yr

27
Q

menstrual cycle steps

A

hypothalamus releases GnRH; AP releases FSH and LH to ovaries; ovaries release estrogen and progesterone

28
Q

estrogen

A

principle sex hormone in female; estradiol

29
Q

estradiol

A

estrogen class hormone; secreted by follicle cell and corpus luteum; responsible for primary and secondary sex chara; stimulates endmetrium prerp

30
Q

primary sex characterisitcs

A

dev and growth of sex organs

31
Q

secondary sex characteristics

A

beast dev; pelvic broadening; fat and muscle distribution

32
Q

progesterone

A

secreted by corpus luteum; completed endometrium prep; stimulates endo glands to secrete nutr fluid

33
Q

components of menstrual cycle

A

ovarian cycle and uterine cycle

34
Q

ovarian cycle

A

follicular phase (days 1-13 before ovulation); ovulation phase (day 14); luteal phase (days 15-28 after ovulation)

35
Q

uterine cycle

A

mentrual flow phase (1-5); proliferative phase (days 6-13); ovulation (day 14); secretory phase (days 15-28)

36
Q

follicular phase

A

ovarian cycle; days 1-13; hypothalamus secretes GnRH to AP which secret RSH and LH to ovaries

37
Q

FSH

A

follicle stimulating hormones stimulates follicle growth

38
Q

LH

A

aids follicle growth

39
Q

FCs during follicular phase

A

produce estradiol; slow rise of estradiol; low levels ihibit further FSH and LH secretion from AP

40
Q

ovaries during follicular phase

A

growing follicle secretes more na dmore estradiol so inc estradiol inc GnRH and inc LH and FSH; very high LH and FSH levels w LH surge on day 13 to trigger ovulation at day 14

41
Q

follicle maturation

A

follicular phase; enlarges and moves to ovary surfaace; ovulation one day after LH surge; secondary oocyte ejected into oviduct

42
Q

lutheal phase

A

ovarian cycle; days 15-28; inc LH stimulates follicular tissue to turn into corpus luteum; prgesterone and estradiol exert neg feedback on hypothalamus: less GnRH, less FSH and LH by AP, to prevent another maturation

43
Q

no preg during lutheal phase

A

LH and FSH levels decrease; CL disintegrates; inc progesterone and estradiol; no neg feedback for hypo; GnRH causes AP to start new cycle

44
Q

proliferative phase

A

days 6-13 of uterine cycle; coordinated w follicular phase (days 1-13) of ovarian cycle; ovarian hormones stimulate uterus to prepare foe embryo; estradiol from FC causes endometrium to thicken

45
Q

ovulation

A

day of 14 of both uterine and ovarian cycles

46
Q

secretory phase

A

days 15-28 of uterine cycle; coordinated w luteal phase (days 15-28) of ovarian cycle; CL produces lots of prog and estra to further dev of endometrium: enlarged arteries, gland growth to secrete nutr fluid to support early embryo before uterine implantation

47
Q

if no preg during secretory phase

A

CL disintegrates; dec prog and estro; arteries constrict, deprived of blood, no circulation; lining disintegrates

48
Q

menstrual phase

A

days 1-5 of uterine cycle; endometrial tissue, fluid, blood sheed; new follicles will begin growth; day 1 of menstrual flow = day 1 of new uterine and ovarian cycles

49
Q

average women

A

500 cycles; about 38 yrs

50
Q

menopause

A

cessation of ovulation and menstruation btwn ages 46 and 54; bc ovaries lose reponsiveness to FSH and LH so steep decline in estradiol production

51
Q

purpose of menopause

A

other animals don’t go through menopause; evo adv to have children then stop reproducing: provide more E to offspring, more care to current offspring, care to grandchildren

Biology 116 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions