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Biology 116 > Unikont Diversity II > Flashcards

Unikont Diversity II Flashcards

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1
Q

animals

A

all heterotrophic; ingest/digest food in body

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2
Q

animal cell structure

A

eu; multicellular; no cell walls; external proteins ouside PM for structural support (ex: collagen)

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3
Q

animal organization

A

all w/ differeniated cells w/ specific functions;most animals w/ differentiated tissue - group of cells w/ common structure and fuction as unit; higher animals w/ differented organs adapted to perform specific functions; muscle and nerve tissue is unique defining char

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4
Q

differentiated

A

specialized

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5
Q

cleavage

A

series of mitotic divisions w/o cell growth btwn divisons

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6
Q

blastula

A

hollow ball of cells that surrounds a cavity called a bastocoel

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7
Q

gastrulation

A

embryo fold inwards and expands filling bastocoel; produces gastrula w/ diff layer of embryonic tissue

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8
Q

gastrule

A

(1) endoderm (2) entoderm (3) archenteron

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9
Q

endoderm

A

inner layer of embryonic tissue

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10
Q

entoderm

A

outer layer of embryonic tissue

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11
Q

archenteron

A

pouch formed during gastrulation; opens to outside of gastrula via blastopore

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12
Q

animal development

A

some develop directly into adults (ex: humans); others w/ at least one larval stage; regulation by gene expression

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13
Q

larvae

A

sexually immature form; morphologicall diff from adult; eats diff food; lives in diff habitats; undergoes metamorphosis more dev becomes juvenille (still sexually immature) more dev is now adult

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14
Q

homeobox genes

A

code for proteins that reg exp of dev genes; ex: Hox genes are important in animal embryo dev

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15
Q

body plans

A

particular set of morphological and dev traits; compare key animal feature and features key animal evo steps

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16
Q

differentiation

A

all animals w/ specialized steps; 1st major step in animal evo: porifera vs. eumetazoa

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17
Q

porifera

A

sponges; do not have clearly defined tissues and organs; still animals

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18
Q

eumetazoa

A

“true animals”; do clearly have defined tissues and organs

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19
Q

symmetry

A

arrangement of body structures in relation to a particular axis of the body

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20
Q

radial symmetry

A

wheet, cylinder; multiple plants that divide animal into mirror images; many radial orgs are sessile

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21
Q

sessile

A

live attched to substrate

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22
Q

bilateral symmetry

A

2 sided; body can be divided by only one plane through the midline (r and l are roughly mirror images); cephalization

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23
Q

cephalization

A

dev of head region; location of central nervous system; corrdinates complex movements

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24
Q

asymmetry

A

no plant will rpodcue mirror images (ex: porifera)

25
Q

embryonic tissue devlopment

A

embryos of all eumetazoa become layered

26
Q

germ layers

A

concentric layer of ET; ecotoderm; endoderm; mesoderm

27
Q

ectoderm

A

outer layer; gives rise to outer covering and NS

28
Q

endoderm

A

inner layer lines archenteron; gives rise to digestive track lining and digestive track organs

29
Q

mesoderm

A

middle layer; gives rise to most other body structure

30
Q

diplobastic orgs

A

dev only endo and ectoderm

31
Q

triplobasltic orgs

A

dev ecto, endo, and mesoderm

32
Q

coelom

A

body cavity; fluid filled space; btwn body wall and digestive; only in triploblasts

33
Q

acoelomates

A

no coelum; triplo; no fluid; solid body

34
Q

pseudocoelomate

A

fluid filled coelom; body cavit that isn’t complete lined w/ mesoderm

35
Q

coelomates

A

true coelom; body cavity completely lined w/ mesoderm

36
Q

advantages of coelum

A

enable internal organs to grow and move indep of outer body wall; hydrostatic skeleton; mech for moving circulatory materials - don’t need to be flats, increases SA:vol

37
Q

hydrostatic skeleton

A

fluid under pressue allows for movement

38
Q

2 types w/i bilateria

A

protostomes; deuterostomes

39
Q

protostomes

A

spiral cleavage; planes of cell division diagonal to vertical axis of embryo; undergo determinate cleavage

40
Q

determinate cleavage

A

developmental fate of each embryonic cell is rigidly set very early in dev; protostomes; remove embryonic cell…adult lack parts

41
Q

deuterostomes

A

radial cleaves; plants of cell division are parallel or perpendicular to vertical axis of embryo; undergo indeterminate cleavage

42
Q

indeterminate cleavage

A

each cell produced during early cleavage is going to retain ability to develop into complete embryo

43
Q

coelom formation

A

during gastrulation, embryo’s developing digestive tube initally form “blind pouch”

44
Q

coelom formation in protostomes

A

as archenteron form, solid masses of mesderm split and form coelom

45
Q

coelom formation in deuterostomes

A

mesoderm buds from wall of archenteron and its cavity becomes coelom

46
Q

fate of blastopore

A

group of cells in blastula move inward to form blastopore

47
Q

fate of blastopore in protostomes

A

“1st mouth” opening; blastopore develops into mouth or org

48
Q

fate of blastopore in deuterostomes

A

“2nd mouth” opening; blastopore develops into anus of org; mouth is 2nd opening that forms later

49
Q

cambrian explosion

A

rapid explosion of many diff animal body plans; 1st fossils of large animals w/ hard mineralized skeletons; 535-525 mya

50
Q

kingdom animalia

A

most of current phyla of animal est 500 mya

51
Q

animalia is monophyetic

A

all animals share single protist CA

52
Q

metazoa-clade

A

sponges = basal animals; branch form base of tree; phylum porifera (monophyetic)

53
Q

eumetazoa clade

A

true tissue; clade radiata; clad bilateria

54
Q

clade radiate

A

phylas: ctenophora, cnidaria; basal eumetazoans; diplobasts; radial sym

55
Q

clade bilateria

A

most animlas; bilateral sym; triplobasts; protostomia and deuterostomia

56
Q

deutrostomia

A

phylum chordata - verts and inverts; not all deutros

57
Q

protostomia

A

lophotrocozoans and ecdysozoans

58
Q

lophotrochozoans

A

only inverts; lophpore feding structure; trophore larval shape

59
Q

ecdysozoans

A

ecdytis - molting exoskeleton or cuticle; inverts only

Biology 116 (27 decks)

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