Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 116 > Plant Diversity I > Flashcards

Plant Diversity I Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

charophytes

A

green algae; closest relative to lang plants; shallow waters around edges of ponds/lakes, drying out can occur here; NS favors inds that can w/stand harsh conditions = land plants; sporopollenin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

sporopollenin

A

polymer layer of protection; prevents exposed zygotes from drying out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

similarities btwn land plants & charophytes

A

ring of cellulose synthesizing proteins in PM to make cellulose microfibrils; similar falgellated sperm; formation of phragmoplast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

phragmoplast

A

group of microtubles; forms btwn daughter nuclei during CD; cell plate forms in middle of phragmoplast and gives rise to new cell walls of daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

alternation of generations

A

land plants alternate btwn 2 multicell stages in their life cycles: gametophytes and sporophyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

gametophyte

A

haploid (n); roduce gametes via mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

sporophyte

A

produced by fusion of gametes = diploid (2n); produces haploid spores by meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

embryophytes

A

2n embryo (sporophyte) in land palnts in retained w/i tissue of famle gametophyte and develops here; nutrients are transferred from parent to embryo through placental transfer cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

sporangia

A

walled spores produced here; multicellular organs in sporophytes that produce spores; sporocytes go through meiosis and produce spores; sporopollein in spore wall makes it resilient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

sporocytes

A

2n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

spores

A

n; haploid repro cells that grow via mitosis into multicellular gametophyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

multicellular gametagania

A

produced by gametophytes and produce sgametes via mitosis; male = antherdium; female = archegonium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

antherdium

A

male; produce & release sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

archegonium

A

female; produces egg cells; site of fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

apical meristems

A

roots & shoots can elongate to increase SA:vol and increase access to resources; localized regions of CD @ tips of roots & shoots; cellls differentiate into various cell types here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cuticle

A

waxy covering over all above group parts; gas extange poor here; prevents dessication (drying out); protects again microbes (can’t grow here)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

stomata

A

tiny openings on surfaces of leaves and stems; open & close; lots of gas extange; main route of evaporation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

vascular tissue

A

cells joined into “tubes” and tubes transfer water & nutr.; xylem; phloem; sporphylls; sporophytes (2n) = dom life cycle stage; leaves; roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

bryophytes

A

mosses, liverworts, hornworts; non vasular = lack specialized vascular sys; not monophyletic, no clade; form a grade, small, herbaceious (non woody plants); earliest lineages of land plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

grade

A

collection of orgs that share biological feature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

vascular plants

A

seedless lycophytes = clube mosses, ferns (form a grade); seeded VP = most living plant spp, gymnosperms and angiosperms

22
Q

seed

A

embryo packaged w/ supply of nutr inside protective coat

23
Q

gymnosperms

A

“naked seeds” seeds not inclosed in any chamber (ex: conifers)

24
Q

angiosperms

A

“container seeds”; flowering plants; fruit-enclosed seeds; most dominant type of plant

25
Q

non vascular plants

A

small; rely on diffusion and osmosis; need moist env; utilize flagellated sperm = motile, need water to move

26
Q

moss life cycle

A

(1) sporophyte makes spores (n) (2) germate in suitable havitat grow via mitosis (3) form protonema and buds via mitosis to create gametophores (4) gametophyte generation = dom stage of life cycle (5) fertilization to create n+n zygote that remain in archnogonium (6) grows via mitosis into multicell embryo (7) sporophyte stage

27
Q

protonema

A

filament of cells (n)

28
Q

gametophyte

A

protonema + gametophore = gametophyte body of moss

29
Q

gametophyte gen in moss life cycle

A

lives independently of sporophytes; rhizoids = anchors not roots; at tips of gametophyte shoots = anthoridium and archogonium; ferilization

30
Q

sporophyte gen in moss life cycle

A

grows out of archegonium; stays small, nutrionally dependent on gametophytes; initally green & photosyn but matures brown & no photosyn; parts: foot, seta, capsule, peristome

31
Q

foot

A

archors embryo to gametophytes and absorbs water and nutr from parent plant

32
Q

seta

A

stalk; takes material from foot to capsule

33
Q

capsule

A

sporangium; sporangium cells (2n); produces spores (n) via meiosis

34
Q

peristome

A

ring structures; opens and released spores if its dry; aids in dispersion; upper capsule

35
Q

importance of mosses

A

common in moist forest; can colonize on bare, sandy soil and retain N in soil; harbor N fizating cyan bac and reatin N in env; peat

36
Q

peat

A

partially decaying organic material; consists of sporangium “peat moss” and is soruce of fuel; peat land covers 3% of eather’s surface and contains 30% soil carbon = carbon reservior

37
Q

xylem

A

contacts H2O and minerals; uses lignin polymer

38
Q

ligin polymer

A

in xylem; strengthens cell walls of H2O conducting; grow tall & support; huge competitive adv to out compete shorter plants for light and spores disperse further

39
Q

leaves

A

increase SA of plant bod; primary location of photosyn

40
Q

phloem

A

conducts sugars, AA, organic products

41
Q

roots

A

absorb H2O and mineral from soil; anchor palnts

42
Q

sporophylls

A

modified leaves; bear sporongia; ex: Ferns; produce sori

43
Q

sori

A

clusters of sporangia; underside of sporophylls

44
Q

homosporous spore production

A

most seedless vascular plants; have on type of sporangonium that produces one type of spore; spores develop into bisexual gametophyte that rpoduces sperm and egg

45
Q

heterosporous spore production

A

vascular plants; 2 types of sporangia produce 2 types of spores; megasporangium; microsporangium

46
Q

megasporangium

A

produces megaspores via meiosis that develop into female gametophyte; produces egg in archengonium

47
Q

microsporangium

A

produces microspores via meiosis that develop into male gametophyte; produces sperm in anteridium

48
Q

seedless vasular plants

A

2 clades: lycophytes, manilophytes

49
Q

lycophytes

A

most ancient of vascular plants; many are non-parasitic epiphytes that grow on trees

50
Q

manilophytes

A

ferns; sporphylls w sori (sporangia clusters) on underside that produce spores via meiosis

51
Q

fern life cycle

A

homosporous spore production; each gametophyte develops antheridium and archengoinum = sperm + egg prodcues at diff times and flagellated sperm swims to egg in archegonium; fert btwn diff gametophytes creates genetic recomb in zygote; zygote prodces sporophyte via mitosis = grows out of archegonium; young leaves = tightly coiled (“fiddleheads”)

Biology 116 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions