Unikont Diversity III

Question 1

invertebrates

Answer 1

animals that lack a backbone; >95% of animals spp; found throughout animal phylogenetic tree

Question 2

phylum porifera

Answer 2

least complex animal; specialized cells; no true tissues/organs (metazoa); sac like body; osculum; spongocoel;choanocytes; filter feeder

Question 3

spongocoel

Answer 3

passage for H2O; central cavity; NOT a digestive cavity;

Question 4

filter feeder

Answer 4

filter food particles from env

Question 5

choanocytes

Answer 5

ingest bac and tiny food particles; line spongocoel cavity; collar of microvilli; falgellated cell; phylum porifera

Question 6

phylum cnidaria

Answer 6

eumetazoa; radiata; mostly marine orgs (ex: jelly fish, coral, sea anenome); diplo; hollow sac w/ mouth and tentacles at one end; “one-way orgs”; certain gastrovasular cavity for digestion; cnidocytes

Question 7

“one-way orgs”

Answer 7

mouth = only opening; food enters here; waste expelled here also

Question 8

cnidocytes

Answer 8

specialized cell; w/i tentacles; function = defense and prey capture; phylum cnidaria

Question 9

lophotrochozoa

Answer 9

eumetazoa; bilteria; protostomia; triplo; clade based of molecular data; lophore; tochophore larva; platyhelminthes; rotifera; lophophorates

Question 10

lophore

Answer 10

crown of cilliated tenacles found around mouth of org

Question 11

trochophore larva

Answer 11

stage of development

Question 12

phylum platyhelminthes

Answer 12

lophotrochozoa; dorsoventrally flattened; acoelomates; free living planarian; parasitic tapeworms

Question 13

phylum rotifera

Answer 13

lophotrochozoa; very small; fresh water, damp, marine soil env; crown of cilia at head draws vortex of H2O into mouth and enters trophi; alimentary canal; pseudocoelomates

Question 14

trophi

Answer 14

jaws, grounds up food; in phylum rotifera

Question 15

alimentary canal

Answer 15

complete digestive sys in phylum rotifera

Question 16

lophophorates

Answer 16

lophotrochozoa; lophophore; coelomates; fresh water and marine env

Question 17

phylum mollusca

Answer 17

lophotrochozoa; snails, slugs, clams, squids, octopi; soft body mostly covered by darsol CaCO3 shell; coelomate; 3 mjor clades: gastropods, bivalvles, cepholopods

Question 18

3 main parts of coelomates (mollusca)

Answer 18

(1) very muscular “foot” sometimes modified into tentacles (2) visceral mass - contains internal organs (viscera) covered by mantle (3) radula - belt of teeth in mouth; not in divalves; scrape up food

Question 19

mantle

Answer 19

thin sheet of tissue glands secrete CaCO3 shell

Question 20

gastropods

Answer 20

clade of mollusca; mostly marine, some fresh water and terrestial; snails w/ shells; slugs and sea slugs w/ no shells

Question 21

bivalvles

Answer 21

clade of mollusca; clams, muscles, oysters; marine and freshwater; 2 part shells: hinged shell, secreted by mantle; no radula; suspension feeder that traps particles of food from env

Question 22

cepholopods

Answer 22

clade of mollusca; squids, octopi; marine env; capture and ingest prey (predatory); mouth = radula, 2 strong beaks; modified foot = tentacles for food capture, object handling

Question 23

phylum annelida

Answer 23

lophotrochozoa; major characteristic = segmentation of body wall, coelom, and many internal organs; digestive tract not segmented; marine, freshwater, damp soil env

Question 24

phylum nematoda

Answer 24

ecdysozoa; many spp; undergo ecdysis; round worms - cylindrical w/ tapered ends; cuticle; pseudocoelomates w/ no circulatory sys; ex: heartowrm; alimentary canal

Question 25

ecdysis

Answer 25

molting during growth; org will shed its covering

Question 26

cuticle

Answer 26

outer body covering

Question 27

phylum arthropoda

Answer 27

ecdysozoa; largest phylum, most spp, coelomates; segmented body specicalized to perform specific functions (head, thorax w legs and wings, abdomen w posterior segment); jointed appendages to swim, walk and has sensory structures; jointed exoskeleton

Question 28

jointed exoskeleton

Answer 28

chitin and proteins; covers entire body; advantages: protection, limits water loss, points of attachment for muscles; major disadvantage: limits growth bc needs to molt and shed exokeleton to grow new larger one