UH72 Limits Flashcards
Maximum approved gross mass for flight ?
7905 lbs / 3585 kg
Vne for OEI operation
(under all conditions)
110 KIAS
Vne for steady autorotation
(under all conditions)
90 KIAS
Min. airspeed for autorotations
60 KIAS
Target airspeed for practice autorotatons
75 KIAS
Maximum ground sloping to the left ?
11*
Maximum ground sloping to the right ?
6*
Maximum ground sloping up ?
8*
Maximum ground sloping down ?
8*
Name the prohibited maneuvers
- Aerobatics
- Intentional full autorotation landings
- Flight into icing conditions
The rotor brake shall not be applied until ….?
Both engines are shut down and rotor RPM has dropped below 50%
At which % does the ROTOR RPM warning show:
1) Light steady + low-pitch beeping tone
2) Light flashing + warning gong
3) Light flashing + high pitch constant tone
1) 95%
2) 106%
3) 110%
Maximum forward airspeed with hinged doors in open spoiler position and sliding doors closed
100 KIAS or Vne
Whichever is less
Minimum height for hands-off and feet-off operation during T/O and approach
( ft AGL - Autopilot )
200 ft AGL
Minimum height for hands-off and feet-off operation in cases other than T/O and approach
( ft AGL )
( Autopilot )
500 ft AGL
What color is the warning light and what does it indicate ?
Red
A hazard which may require immediate corrective action
What color is the caution light and what does it indicate ?
Yellow
The possible need for future corrective action
Specify minimum ENG oil pressure ?
start of red range
1.3 bar
Specify caution range - ENG oil pressure ?
1.3 - 1.5 bar
Specify range for “continuous operation” - ENG oil pressure
normal range
1.5 bar - 5.0 bar
Specify maximum continuous ENG oil pressure
5.0 bar
When can you exceed 5.0 bar ENG oil pressure ?
Transient operation during start cycle and warm up at ground idle only
Specify minimum main transmission oil pressure
1.0 bar
Specify caution range - Main transmission oil pressure
1.0 - 1.5 bar
Specify range for “continuous operation” - Main transmission oil pressure
1.5 - 5.0 bar
Specify maximum main transmission oil pressure
5.0 bar
Specify range for “continuous operation” main transmission oil temperature
celcius
-10 to 105 ºC
Specify maximum main transmission oil temperature
celcius
105 ºC
Why does the ENG starter have time limits ?
To prevent overheating damage of the starter
Specify a starter energize time limit + time between cycles
onboard battery
30 sec ON
60 sec OFF
30 sec ON
60 sec OFF
30 sec ON
30 minutes OFF
Specify a starter energize time limit + time between cycles
External power
20 sec ON
60 sec OFF
20 sec ON
60 sec OFF
20 sec ON
30 minutes OFF
Define: Between which two stages does the “starter energize time” elapse ?
Initiation of the starter to the ignition in the turbine ( !! New !! Ignition is now 320 degrees TOT )
Specify maximum continuous load per generator
200 A
Total maximum continuous load ( power supply through both generators )
360 A
Minimum approved gross weight for flight
1750 Kg (3859 lbs)
Maximum approved gross weight for flight
3585 Kg (7905 lbs)
Specify max allowed floor loading
600 kg / m2
(123 lbs / sq. ft. )
Specify tie-down ring limits
Load pr. tie-down ring
70 kg
(154 lbs)
Specify airspeed limits for
Yellow arc
Green arc
red radial
Red cross-hatched radial
Yellow: 0 - 30 kt
Green: 30 - 150 kt
Red radial: 150 kt
Red cross-hatched radial: 90 kt
The red cross-hatched radial is Vne for power off - Autorotation
Specify Maximum airspeed for rearward flight
with hinged doors in open spoiler position and sliding doors closed, open or removed
15 Kts
Specify maximum crosswind speed for flights
with open, half open or removed doors
30 Kts
What is the minimum airspeed during opening or closing of the forward hinge door ? (Maximum?🤔)
30 KIAS
Specify the rule in regard to the helicopter doors, when flying IMC
It is prohibited to fly IMC with opened/removed doors
Specify minimum airspeed with IAS mode engaged
AFCS - Automatic flight control system
30 kts
AFCS NOTE
At what airspeed - in ALT mode - shall the airspeed indicator be monitored more closely ?
ALT mode : altitude capture mode
80 Kts
Specify maximum operating altitude
18.000 ft
DA ?
Minimum air temperature
-With cold weather kid
-Without cold weater kid
With: -45º C
Without: -30º C
Maximum air temperature
50º C
What is maximum operating time on ground if OAT > +35º C
30 min
What is maximum windspeed for starting and stopping rotor ?
50 kts
Hover IGE
What is maximum windspeed for IGE hover ( to ensure controllability )
ALT < 7000 ft
ALT > 7000 ft
ALT < 7000 ft = 30 kts
ALT > 7000 ft = 17 kts
When is Nro considered low / high ?
Low = 95%
High = 106% +
When will the “master caution” illuminate ?
What is the procedure ?
With every caution on the CAD
Procedure:
- Check and do procedures
- Reset
What is the max remaining operating time with “AVION OVHT” caution illuminated ?
30 min
If “AVION OVHT” caution comes on what is airspeed procedure ?
As fast as possible to inhance cooling
When should you abort start ?
- No ignition within 15 seconds
- TOT raises above limits
- No positive engine or transmission oil pressure indications upon reaching ground idle conditions (M)
- N2 RPM and rotor RPM needles aren’t matched after reaching stabilized ground idle conditions (M)
TOT -> (If start is aborted but TOT wasn't exceeded, wait 15 sec after N1 RPM has returned to zero before re-starting) M = Requires maintenance action Ground idle = 70% +/- 2%
Specify airspeed VNE for:
GW > 3000kg/6615lbs
GW < 3000 kg/6615 lbs
GW = +3000 kg / 6615 lbs
145 kts
GW = -3000 kg / 6615 lbs
150 kts
Specify airspeed limit when:
A/C nose changes from left to right ?
And why does this limit excist ?
40 Kts
Tail rotor malfunction
Specify airspeed limit:
OEI fly away
45 kts
Above which airspeed should the pilot avoid steep turns ?
45 kts (close to Ground? + right turns only?))
Name the N2 engine limits
Continuous range
Minimum
Maximum
Overspeed Transient + time
Underspeed transiet + time
Continuous range (green arc)
96-104 %
Minimum / Maximum (red lines)
96/104 %
Overspeed Transient (red dot)
106 % + 12 sec (ENG TQ > 2x30%) / 5 min (ENG TQ < 2x30%)
Underspeed transiet
85 % + 20 sec
On the triple tach: what does the inner & outer scale show ?
Inner: Rotor RPM limits
Outer: N2 ENG RPM limits
What’s the “rotor RPM limits” for power on
Same as for N2 limits
What’s the “rotor RPM limits” for power off
80 -104 % (GM ≤ 2000 kg / 4410 lbs ) continuos
85 - 104 % (GM > 2000 kg / 4410 lbs ) continuos
104 % Maximum continuous (red line)
106 % 5 min if both TQ below 30%
110 % transient 12 sec (red dot)
What does Nro warning light + audio refer to ?
Triple tach - Rotor RPM
not N2 Engine RPM
What’s the emergency procedure for “ROTOR RPM” warning light ?
- Rotor RPM indicator - Check
- Collective lever - Adjust as necessary to maintaion Nro within normal range
What is N2 over-speed caution ?
When N2 reaches 123.1% automatic engine shutdown may occur (engine overspeed trip)
Can we fly with bleed air heating defective ?
Yes but minimum OAT must be +10 degrees celcius
Aircraft minimum (w/wo equipment) and maximum temperature
min: w: -45º wo: -30º
Max: ISA + 35º
Can we use OEI power ratings in training ?
No - only MCP
Why can N1 speed limits change ?
Because they are a function of PA + OAT
How is the engine protected against a continuous N1 overspeed / over TOT ?
Limiting device in the fuel system
it’s set above the 2.5 min power limits at approx. 104.4% N1
*TOT is not protected during engine start*
Red warning light
1. Indication in cockpit ?
2. Audio signal ?
3. Requires ?
- Indicated in warning panel
- With gong or dedicated audio signal
- Immediate corrective action
Caution
1. Indication in cockpit ?
2. Audio signal ?
3. Requires ?
- CAD + 2 Flashing master cautions
- No audio signals
- Do not require immediate action, but possible future action
When does the circular MM gauge appear ?
Nr > 70%
What happens when MM is higher than 77% ?
MM exceed caution come on and will not disappear until power off
Hover turns, maximum degrees/second
GM> 3200 kg / 7055 lbs
GM< 3200 kg / 7055 lbs
GM > 3200 = 30º/s
GM < 3200 = 45º/s
ENG oil temperature limits
1. Minimum PWR application
2. Maximum operating
- -10º
- 115º
When can you exceed 5.0 bar oil pressure ?
Transient operation durting start cycle and warm up at ground idle only
When is it acceptable for XMSN OIL PRESS to be illuminated ?
Range: 1-1.4 bar
during pressure build up phase
MAX TQ AEO
71-88% (5 min)
88-97% (12 sec)
How often does the warning gong sound when activated ?
Every 3 seconds
What rotor speed is maintained by VARTOMS ?
Vartoms automatically control rotor speed:
1. Airspeed < 55 kts RPM will be controlled between 101-103.5%
2. Airspeed > 55 kts RPM will be controlled between 96.5-102%
When will VARTOMS return to NORM mode if in MAN mode ?
When TQ split is < 15%
What causes VARTOMS to go to MAN mode
- Engine failure
- Torque split > 15 %
When will “ENG SPLIT” caution illuminate on CAD ?
If N1 indicators shows a difference of 10%
MM limits
normal range
caution range
maximum
transient
normal range Less than 50%
caution range 50 - 64 %
maximum 64 %
transient 64-77% 25 sec -> 77-90% 7 sec (accumulative log book times)
MM
When will yellow circle expand and white circle appear ?
Yellow expand: above 50%
White appear: above 64%
MM
When will “Limit” & “Exceed” light appear ?
Limit: above 64 %
Exceed: above 77%
Wind limitation for hovering DA<7000’ and why ?
30 kts hover IGE - for controllability
Doors open hover - MAX x-wind speed ?
30 kts
What are a/s limits for high power setting
AEO max 65 kts for pwr > 8.5 FLI
OEI max 65 kts for pwr > 12 FLI
GOV over/underspeed ETL shall be entered no lower than ____
100 ft
Autorotation
(Not EP But talk through)
Reduce collective to maintain Nro (101)
Airspeed 75 kts
200 (300 Rucker ) ft = steady State factors
100 ft = flare attitude 15-20 degrees
8-12 ft = flare reduce to 7 degrees
Cushion
BAT MSTR OFF
Can we reset CB ?
In flight not unless doing so is consistent with explicit procedures - Never reset twice
“OEI flight conditions - Establish”
Affected ENG tends to zero (no pwr)
- Maintain engine within safe OEI limits - 12 FLI or below
- Maintain a/c within safe OEI limits - Airspeed below 110 kts (65 kts if FLI>12)
NOTE: if climbing is necessary Vy 65 / Vx 45
“OEI flight conditions - Establish”
Affected ENG still delivers pwr
Establish steady flight, does situation allow for OEI ? = affected eng to idle and keep normal in OEI limits (max 12 FLI)
- ENG pwr sufficient for OEI flight = Continue procedure, Land as soon as practicable
- ENG pwr not sufficient for OEI flight = Land ASAP
NOTE: If necessary escape danger with both engines **OEI flight rule of thumb: Sum of individual TQ is lower than OEI limits**
FADEC-F (RAASH)
Fly aircraft
(Rotor, Attitude, altitude, speed, heading)
Alert crew
Diagnose problem
Execute procedure
Communicate externally
Fly the aircraft
What voltage on the VEMD would require EPU for starting ?
Below 23.5 Volt
How are messages displayed on the CAD
Left side = Left power plant
Right side = Right power plant
Middle = miscellaneous + Non redundant systems
VARTOMS will automatically become active when both engines reach ____ ?
> 20 % TQ
When should rotor RPM light go off when starting ?
Needle passes through 95%
When will eng fail ltg and gong come on ?
N1 speed below 50 %
Shutdown
When turning twist grips off N1 should travel from 30% - 0% in ____ - ____ seconds
Min 30 seconds - 40 seconds
If OAT is above 35ºC - What should you be aware of / do as the pilot ?
- Remove oil cooler block plate
- Lower cockpit temp by ventilation
- Max time on ground 30 min
What limit uses 2000kg GW as divider ?
PWR off Nro limits
What limit(s) uses 3000kg GW as divider ?
Airspeed - Vne
Lateral Center of gravity
What limit uses 7000’ DA as divider ?
IGE hover crosswind limit
ENG oil temp : Minimum for starting + minimum for power application
minimum starting: -45ºC
maximum PWR application: -10ºC
What’s minimum battery capacity ?
27 Ah
FUEL
Total usable & unusable
1530 lbs usable
20.7 lbs unusable
FUEL
Main tank usable & unusable
1308 lbs usable
7.5 lbs unusable
How much usable fuel does each supplytank have ?
Left/right
Left: 104 lbs
Right: 118 lbs
How much hydraulic fluid does system 1/2 hold ?
System 1 : 1 liter
System 2 : 1.2 liter
Why is the right sloping 6º ?
Because the system already is riged to compensate for translating tendency. When hovering with cyclic displaced to the left (right hover slope) the rotors are already tilted left and now becomes even more tilted
Left crosswind decreases the 6º even further
What does the prohibited maneuver “Aerobatic” refer to ?
Pitch and roll angle
No pitch angles higher than 30º
No roll angles higher than 60º
Hovering turns limitations
< 3200kg MAX 45º/sec
> 3200kg MAX 30º/sec
What limit uses 3200kg GW as divider ?
Hovering turns
When should the PPC be updated ?
Increase 5ºC + 500’ PA + 200 lbs
How much TQ can acceptably be displayed on the FLI even though engines has stopped ?
3 % TQ
Due to TQ callibrations
How does vartoms maintain Nro (when in norm mode)
> 55 kts = 96.5 - 102
< 55 kts = 101-103.5
What two things does VARTOMS provide ?
- Adjust rotor speed to optimum range
- Perform TQ matching of both engines
When will low fuel illuminate ?
tank level below 24 kg / 53 lbs
What are airspeed limitations for high power setting ?
65 KIAS
AEO: +8.5 FLI
OEI: +12 FLI
OEI max airspeeds
PLURAL
110 kts
65 kts if TQ>12 FLI
What is DC system / Generator - normal operation indications ?
DC 28.5 ± 0.3 volt
Generator 0-200 Amps
If MM ≤ ____ % the white dot is in the center position
10%
MM
The outer white ring is displayed when ?
The white dot reaches the red circle (64%MM)
MM
The white line from the center to the dot is displayed when?
The white dot is in the yellow range (50%mm) or above
MM
When will the gong (audiotone) apear ?
When MM reaches 64%
“LIMIT” will be displayed
Which limit uses 3600 DA as a divider ?
Rotorspeed
> eller = 3600 DA = 101 Nro
< 3600 DA. = 101.7 Nro