BWS / General Flashcards
What maximum airspeed for NOE flight ?
40 kts
Contour legs will be planned at ____ to ____ kts
60 to 80 kts
Low level will be planned at ____ to ____ kts ?
80 to 100 kts groundspeed
How are wires over-flown ?
- Before crossing identify the heighest wire
- Cross near pole to aid visual perception and minimize time the aircraft is unmasked
How are wires under-flown ?
- If underflying wires there must be a minimum ground to wire clearance of hover height + 25 feet
- Ground speed no greater than that of a brisk walk
- Ensure latteral clearance from guy wires and poles
When you can under fly wires NVG ?
When location has been checked during daylight conditions and all hazards have been identified
What’s max rate of descent during hover and low speed flight (below 20 kts)
600 FPM
Navigating pilotage and dead reckoning
Maintain orientation within ____ m ( ____ NM) of the planned route and attive at checkpoint ETA ±____
500m (0.25NM)
ETA ± 1 min
How does the pilot not on the controls direct the pilot on the controls ?
With rally terms, specific headings, relative bearings or key terrain features.
How does the aircraft indicate the wind direction ?
Crosswind + tail/head wind
1) Drift from ground track indicates a crosswind
2) A difference between apparent ground speed and indicated airspeed suggest tail/head wind
What do you need to be aware of in regards to wind and confined areas ?
Surface wind dirrection and velocity may be different in the confined area, compared to above it
Confined area approach: Where should you shoot the approach to ?
Forward one-third of the usable area to reduce approach angle and minimize power requirement
When shooting an approach to a confined area - what should be determined prior to comencing ?
Determine and brief an escape route
When performing tactical flight mission planning - how should the mission be analyzed ?
using METT - TC
Mission
Enemy
Terrain & weather
Troops
Time
Civil considerations
What is a “spot report” ?
A report used to report timely intelligence pr status refaring events that could have an immediate and significant effect on current and future operations
What are the minimum report elements of a spot report ?
SALUTE
Size (estimate number)
Activity (moving, stationary, acts ect.)
Location (grid coordinate)
Unite (uniforms, markings)
Time (of observation)
Equipment (Vehicles, markings ect.)
What are the 3 classification of hazards during terrain flight ?
Physical
Weather (METEROLOGICAL)
Human factors
M-P-H
What are the physical hazards to terrain flight ?
Natural: Trees, vegetation, terrain and birds.
Manmade: Building, wires, towers ect.
What are weather hazards to terrain flight ?
Reduced visibility, rising sun, strong and gusting winds, turbulence and thermals
V - D - W - C
WARNING
Avoid ____ below ____ KIAS close to the ground to maintain sufficient ____ control margin for recovery
Avoid steep right turns below 45 KIAS close to the ground to maintain sufficient lateral control margin for recovery
What is the best possible route ?
The route that requires the least amount of power for the landing intended - to the ground or a particular hover height - without compromising a viable escape
What are the standards for:
Terrain flight navigation ?
-NOE flight: know enroute location w/i 200m
-Contour: Know the enroute location w/i 500m
-Locate each object w/i 100m
-Arrive at each objective ± 1 min
When should aircraft be in trim during terrain flight ?
During Low level and Contour flight
NOE as applicable
What are the standards for terrain flight decceleration ?
- Maintain heading
- Maintain tail clear
- Deccelerate to desired IAS or full stop
What should you be aware of when selecting/approaching a LZ / PZ / HA which is confined
-Go around axis (with determination point)
-How many aircraft the area can hold
What are the standard for performing aerial observation ?
Detect
Identify
Locate
Report
What are the methods for conducting aerial observation ?
Motive
Stationary
Side-scan
Aerial observation
Describe: Motive technique
Two major sectors:
Non-observation sector: Pilot view restricted
Observation sector: Where search activity is confined
Observation sector:
- Acquisition sector: The forward 45 degree (primary)
- Recognition sector: The remainder
Aerial observation
Describe: Stationary technique
Used at NOE / Hovering altitudes when aircraft is concealed
Is a quick overall search (10 sec) starting immediate infront, searching an area of 50m overlapping ourward from aircraft.
Describe: Side scan technique
Aircraft at 100’ AGL at high cruise speed
The crew will look 1000m outward and scan towards aircraft - then 500 - then 250
Each time halfing the previous scan
What factors affect your arial observation ?
W-A-A-T-C-H
Weather
Airspeed
Altitude
Terrain (LOS)
Cues (MCLOSSTTH)
Human eye
What are the 3 types of masking/unmasking ?
1) Unmasking in flight
2) Unmasking from hover (vertical)
3) Unmasking from hover (lateral)
What considerations are used during area reconnaissance ?
Technical (LONGLASSV)
Tactical (MSL)
Meteorological (VDWC)
In regards to “Perform tactical flight mission planning” - what are the standards for Distance & Fuel ?
Distance: ± 1 KM - GS ± 5 kts - ETE ± 1min
Fuel: ±100 lbs
What’s the standard for masking/unmasking ?
- Map/photo reccon.
- Mask aircraft
- 10 second exposure
- scan sectors
- Maneuver space
- Move to new location before re unmasking
- Report
When is NOE flight used ?
When enemy contact is expected or a greater degree of consealment is required
When is contour flight used ?
When enemy contact is possible.
When is Low level used ?
When enemy contact is unlikely.
Fastest method for moving a formation of aircrafts - but least amount of security
Why do we as aviators use terrain flight ?
To deminish the enemys capability to track, aquire and engage the aircraft.
What’s the maximum altitude for NOE flight ?
25’ AHO
What’s the altitude for contour flight ?
25 - 80’ (skids) AHO
