P2 / Aeromed, VFR, engines Flashcards
What are the 4 types of hypoxia ?
describe them
Hypoxic: Not enough O2 in the air (decreasing atmospheric pressure)
Hypemic: Reduction in the bloods O2 carrying ability (eg. Blood loss, carbon monoxide)
Stagnant: Adequate O2 carrying ability - inadequate circulation (Heart failure, high G’s)
Hisyotoxic:Body tissue can’t use O2 due to alcohol or narcotics poisoning
Definition: Stress
“The nonspecific respons of the body to any demand”
(The wear and tear of the body)
What’s the two categories of vestibular illusions ? (What in the body is affected)
Somatogyral illusions (false illusion of rotation-semicircular canals)
Somatogravic illusions (false illusions caused by gravity - otolith organs)
Name the 4 somatogyral illusions
Leans Occurs in a subtreshhold roll. Upon detecting it and rolling out the pilots semicircular canals have made a new point of neutral (the bank) and the pilot will in level flight feel as if banking
Post roll Occurs in a bank. Fluid reaches equilibrium and the pilot no longer feel the rolling motion. This causes the pilot to increase bank on the misperception that the a/c isn’t banking enough.
Graveyard spiral Occurs in a prolonged moderate to steep bank. Semicircular canals reaches equilibrium. Upon abrupt recovery from the bank the pilot feel like the a/c is banking when in level flight. In the proces of recovery from the percieved bank the pilot can enter a spiral.
Coriolis illusion Pilot may fly the a/c in to dangerous attitudes. This happens when the pilot has been in a prolonged turn and quickly move head in new axis. The fluid in the ear has reach equilibrium and movement causes fluid to move giving a false illution.
Name the 2 somatogravic illusions
G-excess illusion a verson of coriolis but caused by g force magnitude misinterpertation in the otolith organs.
Elevator illusion False sensation of pitch when head in neutral position with sagnificant up/down acceleration. Gz increase up causes eyes to look down and give climb sensation.
Define: Fatigue
The state of feeling tired, weary or sleep that results from prolonged physical and mental work, extended periods of anxiety, exposure to harsh enviroment or loss of sleep
Define: Spatial disorientation
The pilot erroneous perception of motion, position og attitude in relation to the gravitational vertical and earths surface
Name the stressors
Psykosocial (JIF: job, ilness, friends)
Enviromental (Heat, cold, IFR, altitude)
Physiological (DEATH, self-imposed)
Cognitive (All or nothing thinking, must/should)
The types of fatigue
Acute : between 2 sleeps, inattention and irritability
Chronic : Prolonged. slow reaction, loss of appetite, insomnia
Motivation (burnout) : Can cause a person to shut down socially
1 oz of alcohol is equivalent to ____ physiological alt.
(oxygen dificiency - Hypoxia)
2000’
Smoking 3 cigarets rapidly or 20-30 in 24 hours is equivalent to ____ ‘ MSL or a loss of ____ % night vision
(oxygen dificiency - Hypoxia)
5000’ MSL & 20% night vision
What’s the stages of hypoxia ?
( Name - altitude - effect )
1) Indifferent (0-10.000’) -
night vision reduction at 4.000’
2) Compensatory (10.000 - 15.000’) -
Pulse increases, poor judgement
3) Disturbance (15.000-20.000’) -
Can’t compensat for O2 deficiency = impared vision, mental speed ect.
4) Critical (20.000’+) -
Loss of consiusness - death
3 Types of spatial disorientation
1) Unrecognized
2) Recognized
3) Incapacitating
What are the 3 systems which plays a role in spatial disorientation ?
Visual (80%)
Vestibular
Somatosensory
Name the visual illusions
Induced motion
Autokinesis
Crater illusion
Confusion with ground lights
Height-depth
Fixation
False horizon
Strutural illusion
Size distance
Briefly discribe
Vection
(Induced motion)
The movement of another object making it seem like you’re moving
Briefly discribe
Autokinesis
Staring at a single light source (6-12sec) can make it appear as if it’s moving
Weather minima for airspace:
C & D
Weather minima for airspace:
E
Weather minima for airspace:
G
