BWS / Review of P1 & P2 Flashcards
Name the types of VMC takeoffs
- Normal
- Constant angle
- Vertical
- Level acceleration
Describe normal takeoff
- Off ground: 0.5 FLI, 3 degrees nose down
- 50 KIAS until 50 feet
- Above 50 feet = aircraft in trim
- Accelerate to 65 KIAS
- Adjust to desired rate of climb
Describe constant angle/vertical takeoff
Can very from vertical to almost flat.
When performing vertical takoff, it’s altitude over airspeed and will require OGE power.
Describe level acceleration takeoff
(Would be used when hover power is max power available)
- Achive ETL
- Prevent blowback
- Resume normal takeoff
What is max recommended nose low for acceleration during takeoffs?
5º
The decision to do a go around (when power limited) should be done when?
Prior to deccelerating below ETL
What the procedure for planning a VFR flight?
- Obtain WX (can VFR flight be preformed?)
- NOTAMS, Charts ect.
- Select course and altitude
- Determine; MAG HDG + GS + ETE (each leg)
- Computate: distance, time, fuel
- Verify aircraft CG & weight
What’s the descent profile of a normal approach ?
7 - 12 degrees starting at 300-500’ AGL
When will the aircraft go through ETL ?
16-24 kts
What does loss of ETL mean for us as a pilot on approach ?
Increase collective to maintain approach angle
the increase of collective tends to make nose rise requiring forward cyclic to maintain rate of closure
Left pedal to counteract TQ
What’s the descent profile of a steep approach ?
Cautions?
Approach angle greater than 12º
**Setteling with power:** 20-100% power applied, airspeed < 10 kts, descent > 300 FPM
In a steep approach, loss of ETL occurs ____ then during a normal approach
What does this require ?
Loss of ETL occurs higher
Requires collective increase to prevent settling with power
How could wind in confined areas affect a steep approach ?
Wind effects could be lost when descending below the confined area barrier, causing the aircraft to settle more quickly
What’s the descent profile of a shallow approach ?
Approach angle less than 7º
Usually 3-5º
When would we use a shallow approach and run on landing?
High density altitude
High gross weight condition
Emergency procedure
Due to the insufficient power to hover
Why does the lack of power to hover make us use shallow approach with run on landing ?
to make use of translational lift until surface contact is made
At what speed should the aircraft arrive at the touchdown point during a run on landing ?
At or slightly above ETL
What’s allowable drift during slope landings
± 1 foot
during slope landings, maintain heading ± ____ degrees
± 5º
What must you note before initiating the slope landing ?
Hover attitude, to determine if you are within limits during the landing
When performing a run on landing, adjust cyclic to arrive at ____ kts at ____ ft
40 kts at 50’
What’s max rate of descent during touchdown when performing run on landing ?
300 FPM
When experiencing ENG FAIL and transitioning to OEI flight, maintain ____ kts until ____ ft AGL, afterwards ____ should be obtained.
When experiencing ENG FAIL and transitioning to OEI flight, maintain 45 kts until 200 ft AGL, afterwards 65 kts (Vy) should be obtained.
What’s max rate of descent during an OEI approach ?
500 FPM
When performing a run on landing OEI, reduce airspeed not to exceed ____ FLI with training device and ____ without training device
simulated OEI conditions?
12 FLI with training device
11 FLI without training device
AEO power for simulated OEI conditions
simulated eng failure at low altitude/low airspeed w. flyaway
What are the initial immediate actions when detecting ENG FAIL at low altitude ?
- Trim rotorspeed to max
- Obtain 45 KIAS
- Announce
- Adjust collective to maintain rotor limits
simulated eng failure at low altitude/low airspeed w. flyaway
When performing “flyaway” what should collective be adjusted to ?
To maximum power available
- 12 FLI, 2.5 min power when OEI
- Not to exceed 12 FLI with training device
- simulated ENG FAIL AEO maintain AEO limits
When reaching 200' adjust to 65 KIAS and climb to altitude that allows you to reach suitable landing area
simulated eng failure at low altitude/low airspeed FORCED LANDING
What’s the initial actions when detecting an ENG FAIL at low altitude with a suitable landing area beneath you ?
Simoustanly:
1. Trim rotorspeed to max
2. Obtain 45 KIAS
3. Announce
4. Adjust collective to maintain rotor limits
Then:
Adjust cyclic to arrive at 40 KIAS at 50’ AGL
Adjust airspeed as appropriate not to exceed AEO limits for simulated conditions
Autorotation
State entry parameters for autorotation
700’ AGL
90 KIAS
Autorotation
Why should we apply collective to reach >5%TQ ?
To enter an autorotational descent and not a steep approach
(Ensures that the rotor is decoupled from the engines)
Autorotation
When should we ensure that a steady state autorotation is attained ?
If it is not?
Before reaching 300’AGL
Abort and perform go around
Autorotation
What indicates a steady state autorotation ?
- Rotor RPM is within limits (96-104)
- Aircraft is at correct airspeed (60-90 KIAS)
- Aircraft in trim (± half a ball width)
- Aircraft in a position to terminate at the intended landing area
Autorotation
How is it terminated ?
“Go around” : apply collective to arrest descent and establish climb
or
“terminate with power” : apply collective to arrst descent at an altitude that will ensure the tail stinger doesn’t touch the ground
Autorotation
When should aft cyclic be applied to initiate a smooth, progressive deceleration?
How much flare attitude ?
100’ AGL = initiate deceleration
15-20º flare attitude
Autorotation
At approximately ____ to ____ feet AGL, apply sufficient colletive to control descent rate and reduce flare attitude to approcimately ____ degrees
10 - 15 feet AGL
7º flare attitude
Autorotation
When is the autorotation maneuver complete?
When the aircraft is HIGE at approximately 5 feet AGL
Autorotation
What could happen when lowering the collective to initiate the autorotation ?
When would it possibly automatically shut down the engines ?
Nr- overspeed
Nr > 123.1 %
What is important while flying “manual throttle”
To anticipate power and control requirements and seperate maneuvers. So don’t initiate decent and decceleration at the same time
When flying manual throttle, maintain FLI +____ / - ____
+1/-2
WARNING
What should the P on the controls be aware of when adjusting for a nr. 2 engine underspeed ?
That the limiting stop for the nr. 2 throttle doesn’t fall inadvertently into position when in the EMER area
CAUTION
What should the P on the controls be aware of when adjusting for nr. 1 engine underspeed ?
That the safety latch is extemely difficult to release and additional time will be required
What should you be aware of in regards to manual throttle and the N2 trim switch ? ( simulator training )
During manual throttle the trim switch movement will be simulated
Anti-torque malfunction (Tail rotor failure/fixed pitch)
What is airspeed limits when established on final ?
40 KIAS +10/-5
Anti-torque malfunction (Tail rotor failure/fixed pitch)
____ crosswind component is advantageous during approach and landing.
Left crosswind
Anti-torque malfunction (Tail rotor failure/fixed pitch)
What should be done, if nose yaws right on approach ?
Application of collective will accelerate ____ yaw
Apply forward cyclic
right
Anti-torque malfunction (Tail rotor failure/fixed pitch)
What is minimum airspeed until final ?
70 KIAS
Anti-torque malfunction (Tail rotor failure/fixed pitch)
On final, continue approach until ____ with ____ and then announce intentions to land or go around
40 KIAS with no more than 300 fpm rate of descent
Anti-torque malfunction (Tail rotor failure/fixed pitch)
What should the pilot do if at 5 feet the nose is still left ?
keep decreasing speed, maintaining altitude
Anti-torque malfunction (Tail rotor failure/fixed pitch)
What should the pilot do if the nose yaws right past the centerline of the intended landing area ?
apply forward cyclic
Collective application will accelerate the right yaw
