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UH 72 > EXAM ( NVG ) > Flashcards

EXAM ( NVG ) Flashcards

1
Q

eye anatomy

What is the Cornea ?

A

Transparent outer part of the eye
(protects the eye)

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2
Q

Eye anatomy

What is the iris ?

A

Colored membrane around the pupil (allows light into the eye)

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3
Q

Eye anatomy

What is the pupil ?

A

Opening in the eye
(adjust to available light)

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4
Q

Eye anatomy

What is the purpose of the lens?

A

It focuses light on the retina (rods/cons) - elastic when young, hardens when older

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5
Q

Eye anatomy

What is it called when the lens hardens in the 40s ?

A

Presbyopia

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6
Q

Eye anatomy

What is the retina ?

A

The light sensitive portion of the eye - contains rods and cones

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7
Q

CoL

What component of the eye adjust pupil size to allow light into the eye ?

A

Iris

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8
Q

What are the 3 types of visions ?

A

Scotopic
Mesopic
Photopic

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9
Q

At what point does the cones go “offline” ?

A

When the scotopic vision is active

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10
Q

When are the cones functioning best ?

A

During the day under “photopic” vision

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11
Q

When are the rods most effective ?

A

During the night - when adapted - Scotopic vision

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12
Q

Which (Rods / Cones) don’t see color and has a low acuity?

A

Rods

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13
Q

Does rods work when using photopic vision ?

A

Yes - but less effective

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14
Q

Does cons work when using scotopic vision ?

A

No

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15
Q

What is the “Fovea centralis” ?

A

Night blind spot
A position of the retina with only cons

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16
Q

Where is the night blind spot placed ?

A

15 degrees of center
Central vision

absence of rod cells in fovea

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17
Q

What is the “optic disk”

A

Day blind spot
Where optic nerve enters the eye

15 degrees from Fovea

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18
Q

What characterise “Photopic vision”

A

Cones
Central vision
Best acuity
Best color perception
Daylight / Artificial light

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19
Q

What characterise “Mesopic vision”

A

Both rods and cones
Central and off-center vision
Decreased acuity
Decreased color perception
Dawn, dusk, NVG

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20
Q

What characterise “Scotopic vision”

A

Rods only
Off-center vision
Lowest acuity
No color perception
partial moon and starlight

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21
Q

Rhodopsin requires ____ to see at night

A

buildup

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22
Q

How long does it take for Rhodopsin to build up ?

A

30-45 min

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23
Q

What type of vision do we use when using NVGs

A

Mesopic

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24
Q

Effects of bright light is dependent on ____

A

Duration and intensity

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25
Q

How long does it take to recover from “flash blindless” ?

A

5-45 minutes depending on duration and intensity

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26
Q

How should the cockpit illumination be ?

A

Lowest easily readable level

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27
Q

How much of the vision does the
night blind spot
& day blind spot
encompasses

A

Day: 5.5 - 7.5 degrees
Night: 5 - 10 degrees

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28
Q

Name the scanning techniques

A
  1. Stop-turn-stop-turn
  2. Ten degree circular overlap
  3. Off-center viewing
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29
Q

CoL

Why is the circular overlap in a scan pattern 10 degrees ?

A

To ensure coverage og an area greater than the night blind spot

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30
Q

What are the types of visual cues that aid depth perception and distance estimation ?

explain them

A

Monocular : “GRAM”
Derived from experience - subject to interpretation. Better at larger distances. Assist in Identifying hazards

When using NVGs - acuity decreases - cues will be less and result in poorer depth perseption

Binocular : Cues only valuable when object is close - 10m or less - and each eye view object slightly different. Aids depth perception

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31
Q

Name the monocular cues

A

Geometric perspective
Objects have different shapes dependent on how viewed
Retinal image size
An image focused on the retina is perceived by the brain to be of a given size
Aerial perspective
An objects clarity and shadow help estimate distance
Motion parallax
The apparent relative motion of stationary objects as viewed by a moving observer

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32
Q

How does monocular cues improve ?

A

With experience

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33
Q

CoL

What information does motion parallax provide aviators

A

Aircraft speed and direction of movement

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34
Q

Describe the operational sequence of the NVGs

A
  1. Objective lens (Flips image)
  2. Photocathode (Turns photons to electrons)
  3. Microchannel plate (Multiply electrons)
  4. Phosphor screen (Creates image from electrons - glows)
  5. Fiber optic inverter (flips image to normal)
  6. Eye piece lens
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35
Q

What is installed to protect:
1. The pilot
2. The NVGs

A
  1. Automatic brightness control (ABC)
  2. Bright-source protection (BSP)
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36
Q

How does the ABC work ?

A

When light is too bright - the electrically charged micro channel plate increases charge - less electrons created = dims picture

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37
Q

How does the BSP work ?

A

To protect the micro channel plate the electrically charged photocathode is actived reducing the amount of electrons reaching the next plate

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38
Q

Which lense assembly contain the minus blue coating which filters out lgiht from the aircraft instrument panel ?

A

Objective lens

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39
Q

What is the NVGs (ANVIS) field of view ?

A

40 degrees

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40
Q

What is the NVGs acuity - best & worst case ?

A

Best: 20/25
Worst: 20/70

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41
Q

When illumination decreases - what (effects of low acuity) increases ?

A

Halo & Scintillation

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42
Q

What is “halo” a result of ?

A

Electron scatter between photocathode and microchannel plate

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43
Q

Halos are ____ present and ____ does not change

A

always, size

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44
Q

Where on the light spectrum does the NVG pick up inputs?

A

Photopic and near IR

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45
Q

CoL

Which component of the image intensifier is responsible for creating the monochromatic viewing image ?

A

Phosphor screen

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46
Q

True / False

Because the ANVIS eyepiece can correct for individual eye acuity, operators are not required to wear noramlly required eyeglasses

A

False

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47
Q

What are the ANVIS visual deficiencies ?

A

Operational defects
immediate cause for rejecting the ANVIS
Cosmetic blemishes
Pilot discretion to fly with these

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48
Q

Name the operational defects

A

Shading
Emission points
Edge glow
Flashing / flickering and intermittent operation

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49
Q

What is number 1 called

A

Fore and aft adjustment knob

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50
Q

What is number 2 called ?

A

Eye span adjustment knobs

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51
Q

What is the pink part called ?

A

Pivot and adjustment shelf PAS

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52
Q

What is the pink part called ?

A

Objective lens assembly

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53
Q

What is the pink part called?

A

Eyepiece lens assembly

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54
Q

What is number 6 called

A

Tilt lever

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55
Q

Why is it important to use the lens caps ?

A

Because sunlight can damage the tubes even with the caps on

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56
Q

What is this called ?

A

HUD clamp

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57
Q

What is this called ?

A

Vertical adjustment knob

58
Q

What is this called ?

A

Lock release button

59
Q

What should you use when flipping the binoculars up and down?

A

The lock-release button

60
Q

Always attach or remove the ANVIS from a ____ position

A

middle

61
Q

Low profile power pack

Which side is the primary (batteries) ?

A

the right side

62
Q

What are the two types of batteries authorized for the ANVIS ?

A

Alkaline and 1.5v Lithium

63
Q

Which form is related to the NVGs (ANVIS)

Discrepancies, dates ect.

A

DA FORM 2408-30

64
Q

Low BAT indicator

If the low battery indicator starts flashing when ANVIS battery life has approximately ____ min remaining

A

30 minutes

65
Q

Clean dirty contact points of the NVGs using ?

A

Pencil eraser

66
Q

What is the only thing approved for cleaning the lenses ?

A

Lens papers

67
Q

What is OSAP ?

A

Optimal sight adjustment point

68
Q

When does the optimal sight picture occur ?

A
  1. When optical axes are aligned with your visual line-of-sight
  2. The googles eyepieces are the maximum distance from your eyes while still providing the entire image
69
Q

OSAP

What is the final adjustment ?

A

Use the fore and aft adjustment to move the googles slightly closer to the eye (about 1/2 turn)

70
Q

How do you focus the “objective focus ring” ?

A
  • Remain both eyes open
  • Cover one objective
  • Focus on target (atleast 50m away)
  • Turn objective lens to target in focus - past focus - back in focus
71
Q

What is number 3/4 called ?

A

Objective focus rings

72
Q

What is number 7/8 called ?

A

Eyepiece focus ring

73
Q

How do you focus the “eyepiece lens” ?

A

Slowly turn the eyepiece lens focus ring counterclockwise until objective blur - pause for eye to relax - turn eyepiece clockwise until image is in focus

74
Q

CoL

Use both hands to remove the ANVIS from the mount

True or false

A

True

75
Q

What are the 3 sources of natural light ?

A

Sun, moon and stars

76
Q

Why is distance estimation and depth perception hard at night?

A

Because the monocular cues are less useful and reliable

77
Q

What are the indications of reduced ambient light levels ?

A

Halo
Scintillation
loss of celestial and ground lights
loss of scene detail

78
Q

What is sky glow?

A

Effect that the sun has on NVGs for approximately one hour before and after sunrise/sunset

79
Q

What power supply function can be activated when experiencing battlefield light sources ?

A

BSP

80
Q

Which cues are primarily used for distance estimation and depth perception ?

A

Monocular cues (learned cues)

81
Q

Effective use of monocular cues requires ____ and ____in various terrain types and flight enviroments

A

Training and experience

82
Q

What is the greatest source of natural illumination at night ?

A

Moon ( moves 15 degrees per hour )

83
Q

What does the googles improve ?

for the aviator

A

Situational awareness

84
Q

What is “decreased NVG gain” ?

A

When BSP comes on and decreases the number of electrons

85
Q

Does ABC work constantly ?

A

Yes

86
Q

Is BSP always working ?

A

No - only when it has to to protect the goggles

87
Q

True/False : it’s good to fly in shadows at night

A

False!
We don’t fly in shadows.

88
Q

Which type of radiation is still present in the sky after sunset ?

A

IR light

89
Q

Sky glow ____ NVG gain ?

A

decreases

90
Q

Avoid ____ areas (referring to lighting)

A

brightly lit

91
Q

What is the most common form of tactical airfield lighting ?

A

Inverted Y

92
Q

If you are using terrain features for navigation, they must be unic in ____

A

shape

93
Q

Why is backlighting a problem ?

A

Bright lit areas/cultural lights can washout a/c and “hide” them from the observer

94
Q

What is this called ?

A

Spring loaded ball bearings

95
Q

What does the minus blue filter do ?

A

Makes the ANVIS blind to cockpit lighting

filters out blue/green cockpit lighting

96
Q

The ______ flexes so the light entering the eye is properly focused
on the retinal wall

A

Lens

97
Q

________ cells are used primarily for day or high intensity light
vision (viewing periods or conditions). ________ cells are used for
night or low-intensity light vision (viewing periods or conditions).

A

Cone, Rod

98
Q

The optic disk is where the optic nerve enters the retina. Because
the optic disk contains neither rods nor cones, nothing can be seen
by that part of the retina. This is called the day blind spot. How do
we compensate for the day blind spot?

A

By viewing with Binocular Vision

99
Q

Of the three types of vision, which type uses both rods and cones
and is characterized by decreasing acuity and decreased color
perception?

A

Mesopic

100
Q

How long does it take for the average person to attain the greatest
sensitivity or adaptation to a dark environment?

A

30 - 45 min

101
Q

Dark adaptation can be lost due to exposure to bright light. How
long does it take to recover dark adaptation?

A

It depends on the duration and intensity of the exposure.

102
Q

The night blind spot occurs due to the total absence of rod cells in
the fovea and the lack of rod cell stimulation within the parafoveal
regions. How do we compensate for the night blind spot?

A

By using proper scanning techniques and off-center viewing

103
Q

Which visual illusion is described as missing or ignoring orientation
cues in order to focus their attention on an object or goal?

A

Fascination or fixation.

104
Q

Which visual illusion is described as a falsely perceived self-motion
in relation to another object’s motion?

A

Vection

105
Q

Which monocular cue provides aircraft speed and direction of
movement?

A

Motion Parallax

106
Q

True or False? While adjusting the eyepiece focus ring, during the
focus procedures, one eye should remain closed.

A

False

107
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE about battery usage
with ANVIS?

A

3 1.5v Lithium batteries and AA Alkaline batteries may not be
mixed within the same cartridge.

108
Q

How is the Low Profile Power Pack (LPPP) correctly mounted to
the helmet?

A

With the On-Off-On switch oriented to the top of the helmet.

109
Q

True or False? The eyepiece diopter adjustment can compensate
for vision deficiencies. It is therefore not necessary to wear
corrective lenses in flight.

A

False

110
Q

What is the MAXIMUM weight allowable for the counterweight
(weight bag)?

A

22 ounces

111
Q

What is the function of Automatic Brightness Control (ABC)?

A

The ABC automatically adjusts voltage to the MCP to keep the
image intensifier’s brightness within a set limit for the operator.

112
Q

What frequencies of light are visible to the ANVIS?

A

The ANVIS is sensitive to the visible spectrum and near-infrared
range.

113
Q

What is the function of the minus blue filter inside the objective
lens?

A

It makes the ANVIS “blind” to the instrument lighting so the glare
does not interfere with viewing outside the aircraft.

114
Q

When the blinking LED light on the helmet activates, how much
longer will the NVG continue to operate under worst-case
conditions?

A

Approximately 30 minutes.

115
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE about mounting and
dismounting the ANVIS?

A

2 Grasp the ANVIS using both hands at the PAS and mount or
dismount the ANVIS as a unit at the middle position.

116
Q

Best possible visual acuity for the ANVIS is achieved under
optimum conditions - 100% illumination, clear skies, with a highcontrast
background. What acuity can be achieved under optimum
conditions?

A

20/25

117
Q

Which battery compartment will house the primary batteries?

A

The compartment on the wearer’s right.

118
Q

From the following list, select the operational defects of the ANVIS:

A

2 Shading, Emission Points, Edge Glow and Flashing, Flickering,
or Intermittent Operation. (SEEF)

119
Q

True or False? Cosmetic blemishes are an immediate cause for
rejecting the ANVIS.

A

False

120
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the Optimal
Sight Adjustment Point (OSAP) procedure?

A

2 Disregard focusing at this time; it is actually better to have the
objective lenses out of focus for this procedure.

121
Q

Which of the following statements is FALSE about flying in a dusty
or sandy environment?

A

1 After operation, disassemble the ANVIS and thoroughly clean all
components.

122
Q

Which of the following statements is FALSE about flying in a desert
environment?

A

2 Terrain flight in desert areas is easier because of the good
contrast.

123
Q

From the statements below, select the statement which BEST
describes the characteristics of the moon:

A

3 At night the moon is the highest percentage of natural
illumination, and changes angles at the rate of 15 degrees per hour.

124
Q

Which of the following is NOT an indication of restrictions to
visibility while operating NVGs?

A

3 Increased visual acuity.

125
Q

What is the procedure for cleaning the contacts on the helmet
mount?

A

Clean the contacts with a regular pencil eraser.

126
Q

Worst-case conditions can reduce ANVIS visual acuity to
approximately 20/70. Which of the following is NOT a contributor to
‘worst-case conditions’?

A

A high-contrast background.

127
Q

From the following statements, select the TRUE statement about
terrain relief:

A

1 Terrain features that are unique in shape are excellent
checkpoints.

128
Q

From the following list, select the COMMAND consideration for
NVG/night mission planning:

A

3 Crew Endurance.

129
Q

All of the following are NVG/night mission briefing considerations
EXCEPT:

A

2 Only the pilot in command of each aircraft is required to attend
the formal briefing.

130
Q

From the following list, which is NOT an NVG/night checkpoint
planning consideration?

A

1 Select ACPs/checkpoints near brightly lighted areas such as
built-up areas and towns.

131
Q

Which of the following statements about NVG Tactical lighting is
TRUE?

A

2 The most common technique of lighting an area for aviation use
is the inverted Y.

132
Q

Which of the following statements about cockpit lighting is FALSE?

A

2 Supplemental lighting must be red or amber in color.

133
Q

What is the pink part called ?

A

Dual contact

134
Q

What is the pink part called ?

A

Spring loaded ball bearings

135
Q

Which side of the ANVIS is the pink side / green side ?

A

Pink side : Eyepiece (eyepiece lense assembly)
Green side : Objective (Objective lense assembly)

136
Q

Name the part of the ANVIS/NVGs that the green/pink arrows are pointing to

A

Pink: Objective lens caps
Green: Eyepiece lens caps

137
Q

Which type of lighting washes out the other under ANVIS ? LED / incandescent

A

Incandescent lights washes out the LED light under ANVIS

More aircrafts (UH60/C130) uses LED light for position lights to reduce cost. Under ANVIS this means you might miss them if enough incandescent light is present to wash out the LED lighting. This can be compromised for by verifying scene with unaided eye.

138
Q

Does supplemental lighting have to pass the army dagredation test?

A

Yes

White light recommmended - not mandatory

139
Q

How far should the distance be between lightsources when only two are available for LZ/PZ

A

15 feet

140
Q

What is the minimum weight for the NVG weight bag ?

A

0 oz

141
Q

What does the eyepiece focus rings adjust for ?

A

Individual eye acuity (difference in the two eyes)

UH 72 (42 decks)

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