UCSP EXAM REVIEWER Flashcards
Refers to social, cultural,
and psychological
characteristics or traits
related to males and females
based on certain social
contexts.
Gender
Refer to attitudes and
behaviors that the
society expects a person
to exhibit based on his or
her sex.
Gender Roles
Refers to the biological
characteristics that distinguish a male from a female
Sex
or the division of society based on occupation, income, wealth, or power is simpler at present
than in the past.
Social Stratification
movement of people or
families within or between different levels in society, and the opportunity to transfer from a lower socioeconomic class to a higher one possibly through education or
marriage.
Social Mobility
a quality or a characteristic of a person that makes him or her different
from an established norm in a society
-various physical and mental interference or problems that affect a person and which makes it difficult for him or her to function properly in society
Exceptionality
differ from societal and community standards of normalcy
-have learning or behavioral problems and physical and sensory disabilities
-are intellectually gifted
Exceptional People
gives special rights and privileges to persons
with disabilities (PWDs).
Philippine Republic Act 7277
refers to a group of people that shares the same physical attributes, such as skin color, height, and facial features.
Race
is prejudice or discrimination against people of other races with the
idea that one’s race is superior than others’.
Racism
is discrimination or prejudice based on one’s culture.
Ethnocentrism
is the elimination of a group of people from another race, ethnic group, religion, or nation.
Genocide
is the harassment, rape, or forced migration of an ethnic group to banish them from a certain area or territory.
Ethnic Cleansing
in greek means fire
Holocaust
is a set of practices
and behaviors that relate to
a group of people’s belief in a
god or a group of gods.
Religion
It is a behavioral science that deals with the study of culture
Anthropology
The sum of individual’s way of life, ranging from the food, clothes,
and house.
Culture
It is a behavioral science that deals with the study of society
Sociology
It deals with the study of politics or government. In political science, the way people govern themselves; the various forms of government and their relationship to other institutions in society are also studied.
Political Science
It is defined as an organized group or groups of interdependent people who share a common territory, language, and culture, who act together for collective survival and well-being.
Society
THE TERM SOCIETY WAS COINED BY SOCIAL SCIENTISTS TO FACILITATE THEIR EXPLORATION OF SOCIAL PHENOMENA. IT SERVES TO GRASP THE COMPLEXITY OF THE PHENOMENON IT REPRESENTS AND A MEANS TO EXPLORE ITS MANY OTHER DIMENSIONS HIDDEN BY ITS
NORMATIVE USE..
Society as Concept
IT IS FORMALLY DEFINED AS CONSTITUTING A FAIRLY LARGE NUMBER OF PEOPE WHO ARE LIVING IN THE SAME TERRITORY, ARE RELATIVELY INDEPENDENT OF PEOPLE OUTSIDE THEIR AREA AND PARTICIPATE IN A COMMON CULTURE.
Society as Facticity
The twin Concepts
Social Forces and Social Facts
Sees society as a complex
system whose parts work
together to promote solidarity
and stability.
-It asserts that our lives are
guided by social structures
which relatively stable
pattern of social behavior.
(government, law,
education, religion)
Structural Functionalism:
Emile Durkheim
-Society is all about competition
-sees society as an arena, social
actors are the gladiators fighting
for their very lives.
-resources and their scarcity make
up the bone of contention in
every conflict situation.
Conflict Theory by: Karl Marx
-people attach meanings to
symbols, and the they act
according to their subjective
interpretation of these symbols.
Example: marriage=wedding
bands, vows of life-long
commitment, a white bridal dress, a
wedding cake, a church ceremony,
flowers and music. (society
attached general meaning to these
symbols but individuals maintain
their own perception)
Symbolic Interactionism by: Herbert Blumer
are guides in the performance of roles and in
everyday actions and interactions
Rules
is the central concept in Anthropology
Culture
is an organized group of individuals.
Society
is an organized group of learned responses.
Culture
Culture is that ”complex whole which encompasses beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and everything that a person learns and shares as a member of society”
Edward B Taylor
”the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at particular time”
The Cambridge English Dictionary
”culture is an organized body of conventional understanding manifested in art and artifacts, which persisting through tradition”
Robert Redfield
a term used to describe the general conduct exhibited by individuals within a society
Social Behavior
are the individual, external, and social constructions that influence a person’s life and
development.
Social Phenomena
influenced by their political views, ideologies, and levels of political participation.
Political Behavior
are not only limited to
public offices as these also include how
institutions like schools, churches, or
companies are ran and governed.
Political Phenomena
associated with a group
affiliation and describes the ways in which being a member of a particular group might express specific political opinions and attitudes
Political Identity
the value system where one gains favor, promotion, or political appointment through family affiliation (nepotism) or friendship (cronyism), as opposed to one’s merit.
Padrino System or Patronage Politics
family in which several
members are involved in politics; particularly electoral politics
Political Dynasty
is the simultaneous
monopoly of seat
Fat Dynasty
is the intergenerational
succession of seat
Thin Dynasty
happens when something or someone gains widespread popularity. However, it is noteworthy that it is not the subject that is the cultural
phenomenon but rather the
process of becoming famous.
Cultural Phenomena
also known as
the bandwagon effect.
-is an event where certain
individuals behave a certain way
merely because other persons
do as well.
Cultural Behavior
A person’s or a collectivity’s principles or standards of behavior and are considered
as judgment of what is important in life.
Values
Is something one accepts as true or real regardless of the lack of verifiable evidence.
Beliefs
is the transformation
of culture or the
way people live.
Cultural Change
happens when the rulers of a country lose power or when the type of governance in the
country changes.
Political Change
is the transformation
of social institutions over
time.
Social Change
is the kind
of system or ideology
used to express authority
in a country. It may be a
democracy, monarchy,
oligarchy, and others
Governance
is the process through which the
cultural traits of one society are borrowed,
transmitted, and adopted by another
and considered as its own.
Diffusion
is the process where new
cultural elements are created to solve
social and cultural problems.
Invention
is the process where people
recognize or gain a better understanding
of already existing elements present in the
environment.
Discovery
is where one or both parents live and work in another country while the children remain in their country of origin.
Transnational Family
It refers to a lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture.
Socialization
process through which individuals learn about their culture’s rules, values, and behaviors that are considered appropriate AND necessary in that society.
Enculturation
is when people follow rules or behaviors that are expected in a group or society.
Conformity
is when someone breaks the rules or behaves differently from what society expects. It’s about going against the norm.
Deviance
People accept both the cultural goals and the legitimate means of achieving them.
Conformist
People abandon the goals but strictly follow the legitimate means, even if they don’t believe it will lead to success.
Ritualist
People accept the cultural goals but reject the legitimate means and adopt deviant ways to achieve success.
Innovators
People reject the societal goals and means, and they seek to replace them with new goals and means, often through protests or revolution.
Rebels
People reject both the cultural goals and the means, essentially “dropping out” of society.
Retreatists
( + means, + goals)
Conformity
(+ means, - goals)
Ritualism
(- means, + goals)
Innovation
(-/+ means, -/+ goals)
Rebellion
(- means, - goals)
Retreatism
is an experience a person may
have when one moves to a cultural
environment which is different from one’s own;
it is also the personal disorientation a person
may feel when experiencing an unfamiliar way
of life due to immigration or a visit to a new
country, a move between social environments,
or simply transition to another type of life.
Culture Shock
Individuals who have stayed for quite a good portion of their lives(formative years) in foreign culture may be
shocked by their birth culture once exposed to it
again.
Third Culture Shock
REFERS TO NORMS FOR ROUTINE AND CASUAL
INTERACTIONS.
Folkways
Formally enacted by the proper
authorities so people would act
accordingly.
Laws
”MUST FOLKWAYS”/ necessary and essential
to the welfare of the group.
Mores
The idea that all norms, beliefs, and
values are dependent on their
cultural context and should be
treated as such.
Cultural Relativism
REFERS TO A PREFERENCE FOR
THE FOREIGN .
Xenocentrism
THE FEAR OF WHAT IS PERCEIVED AS
FOREGN OR STRANGE.
Xenophobia
are culturally defined standards that people
use to decide what is desirable, good, and beautiful, and that serve as broad guidelines for social living.
Values
