RWS Exam Flashcards
Summary that gives the essential features of a text
Shows how the parts of a text are related to one another
Outline
Helps in better understanding the reading material
Allows to better remember the information that was read
Reading Outline
number of ranks in the hierarchy of information in the reading
Levels
main topic/division
FIRST LEVEL (Roman Numeral)
subtopics/topic sentences
SECOND LEVEL (Capital Letters)
supporting details/evidences
THIRD LEVEL (Arabic Numerals)
Contains fundamental points and the different details that support them.
Writing Outline
specific, supporting points
FOURTH LEVEL (Lowercase Letters) (Writing Outline)
A group of sentences that deals with one particular idea
Paragraph
Fundamental rule in paragraph
only one idea should be discussed per paragraph
contains the main idea of the paragraph or main point that supports the thesis statement
TOPIC SENTENCES
elaborates the topic sentences; ranges from facts, examples/instances
SUPPORTING DETAILS
Simple List of ideas that take form of words and phrases; are good for their brevity (exact words)
Scratch Outline
Topic sentence should be elaborated using concrete evidence, different examples relevant facts, & specific details
Specific details help to capture interest, understand the message, and convince the reader about the validity of the topic sentence
Adequate Development
moreover, furthermore, next, also, etc.
Sequence
Use sentences to define the subject matter; are good for their use of specific details.
Sentence Outline
All sentences of the paragraph are related to the topic sentence
Paragraph should end and begin with 1 focus
Details have a clear &consistent connection to the topic sentences
Unity
Sentences are arranged in a logical manner, making the reader understand easily
Achieved when ideas flow smoothly within and between paragraphs
Through the use of logical order & signal devices
Coherence
for instance, specifically, for example, etc.
Illustration
first, before, afterward, after, immediately
Time
words that give readers an idea of how the points in your paragraphs are progressing.
Signal Devices
above, next to, below, behind, beside
Space
- similarly, also, in the same way, still, etc.
Comparison
but, despite, however, even though, yet, etc
Contrast
because , then, so, etc.
Cause and Effect
thus, therefore, in short, etc
Conclusion
Words similar in meaning to important words/phrases that prevent tedious repetitions
Synonyms
Keep continuity & highlight important ideas
Repetitions
Connect readers to the original word that the pronouns replace
Pronouns
Using similar sentence structures
Commonly uses “and”, “or”
Parallelism
Going back through the whole draft and improving/clarifying the writing subject’s meaning
Revisions
big idea/important massage, audience, purpose, form, coherence, strengths & weaknesses
Essay Revision Checklist
More meticulous of process of clarifying meaning by revising each word and line of the draft
Includes grammar, s-v agreement, punctuations, etc.
Editing
STEPS IN REVISING A DRAFT
Take a bird’s eye view of your draft to re-read it as a whole.
Check if you have attained your writing purpose (to entertain, to enlighten, to persuade, etc).
Reviewing your draft portion by portion and adding in, filtering, and re-organizing content according to form and flow.
What you will be keeping in mind now are the relationships between sections of the draft.
Specifically targets a social issue, not only to address inequalities, but more importantly, to effect social change.
An academic essay considered to be a variant of the research and persuasive paper.
Position Paper
Entails a tedious preparation, long hours of working, and meticulous writing
Research Paper
Are documents that are written for problem solving, service provision, event planning, or equipment selling.
Used for internal and external purposes.
Project Proposals
Brainstorm available sources once a narrowed down research topic has been decided to work on.
Browse through available Research Materials
If you want to try researching on something beyond your comfort zone, go for what your curiosity leads you to. Explore things that interest you such as your hobbies.
Try something that piques your interest
You will know what your sources are and where to find them. You already have your own insights & assumptions before you even start your research
Work with a familiar subject
Can be from primary & secondary sources, and apply strategies learned from writing a research paper.
One of the characteristics of an effective proposal is being well-researched.
Gathering Data
Parts of the proposal can be used to serve as a guide in the organization or use an outline to structure the discussion more effectively
A proposal becomes more effective if the information is clearly organized.
Organizing Data
Draft the proposal by filling out the parts of the proposal with the relevant data.
Writing the Proposal
Reviewing the proposal for accuracy and organization before sending it out
A good proposal will be comprehensive & will put your organization in the best light
Revising the Proposal
