READING AND WRITING EXAM 1 Flashcards
defined as a cognitive process of decoding symbols to derive meaning from a text.
Reading
Pre-reading strategies
Previewing, Skimming & Scanning, Recalling Background Knowledge
looking at readily visible parts of the text
Previewing
the text means you “Look
for the main points of the reading”
and “Identify the ideas that develop
it”.
Skimming
connecting new information to your prior knowledge
Recalling Background Knowledge
the reading means
looking for specific information.
Scanning
Most common types of context
Synonyms, Antonyms, Examples, Explanations, Situations
During Reading Strategies
Using context clues, Using connotations and denotation
in which a word is
used can also be helpful in
determining the meaning of the
word. The meaning of a word
may change depending on its
context or how and where it is
used.
Situations
words/phrase/sentences that surround a unfamiliar word
help you recognize the
meaning of an unknown word because
the text gives you information about it.
Context clues
Used when the text has words or
phrases that are similar in meaning to
the unknown word.
may be signaled by the
following words: “like” or “as”
Synonyms
- A word that reveals the opposite
meaning in relation to the unknown
word.
When you see words like “although,”
“but,” “despite,” “in contrast,”
“unlike”, “however,” “even though,”
“on the contrary,” and “conversely”
Antonyms
Terms like “is,”
“means,” “is defined as,” and “refers
to” are used with
Definition
may be given as clues to
describe an unknown term. When
phrases like “because” or “that is”
follow a word
Explanation
Critical Reading Strategies
Keeping a Reading Journal, Annotating the text, Outlining the text, Summarizing the text, Questioning the text,
writing your feelings/ideas in reaction to the text
Keeping a Reading Journal
making notes on your copy of the
reading
Annotating the text
By locating the thesis statement,
claims, and evidence, and then
plotting these into an outline, you
can see how the writer structures,
sequences and connects his or her
ideas.
Outlining the text
getting the main points of the message and
important supporting details.
Summarizing the text
asking specific questions on points that you
are skeptical about
Questioning the text
ideas that are suggested
Implicit
is a conclusion
that you make based on explicit
information and your reasoning and
background information.
Inference
information that is clearly stated
explicit
prove in the
text by providing details, explanations, and
other types of evidence
Claims
Claims that are only factual or based on opinion, thus, are not debatable
A claim should be argumentative and debatable.
If the claim is unfocused, the
paper will be too broad in scope and will lack direction and a clear
connection to the support provided.
A claim should be specific and focused.
It should hook the reader,
who may or may not agree with you, to encourage them to consider
your perspective and learn something new from you
A claim should be interesting and engaging
state a quantifiable
assertion or a measurable topic. They
assert that something has existed, exists,
or will exist based on the data. The rely
on reliable sources or systematic
procedures to be validated; this is what
makes them different from inferences.
Claim of Fact
It should result from reasonable weighing of
the support provided.
A claim should be logical.
assert something that can be qualified.
They consist of arguments about
moral, philosopical, or aesthetic
topics
Claim of Value
posit that specific actions should be chosen as solutions to a particular problem. You can easily identify a claim of ____ because they begin with
“should”, “ought to”, or “must.”
Claim of Policy
the speaker’s exact words
are used to express the
speaker’s speech.
Direct speech
Third Person
Indirect speech
Patterns of Development
Narration, Description, Definition, Exemplification, Comparison and Contrast, Cause and Effect, Problem-Solution, Persuasion
reporting a speaker’s
words
Narration
helps the
reader visualize the person,
place, thing, or situation being
described.
Description
A statement of the exact
meaning of a word,
especially in a dictionary.
Definition
using
examples to explain,
convince, or amuse.
Exemplification
Similarities and differences of 2 or more things
Comparison and Contrast
reason that things happen in the text
Cause
Consequences of events
Effect
Identifying a problem and proposing 1 or more solutions
Problem-Solution
any written work that tries to convince the
reader of the writer’s opinion
Persuasion
