BIOLOGY Quiz/Exam Reviewer Flashcards
is a fundamental principle made in the 1800s in biology that describes the properties and functions of cells.
Cell theory
- discovered cells on cork from oak
- coined the term “cell”.
Robert Hooke (1665)
called protozoans as “animalcules” - observed his teeth
- scrapings, he found animalcules shooting and spinning inside the cell.
Anton Von Leeuwenhoek (Late 1600s) -
- German botanist
- concluded that “all plants have cells”
Matthias Schleiden (1838)
- German zoologist
- concluded that “all animals have cells”
Theodor Schwann (1839)
- studied cell cultures
- discovered that cells divide
Rudolf Virchow(1858)
- discovered the nucleus
- concluded that the nucleus is important and is a basic part of the cell
Robert Brown (1831)
- supported the idea that all cells come - from pre-existing cells
Louis Pasteur (1849)
- invented a primitive microscope with the help of his father Hans.
Zacharias Janssen (1590)
- Grew Conducted separated investigations on plant cell. They determined the presence of organelles within its cells
Marcello Malpighi and Nehemiah
The Three Postulates of Cell Theory
- All living things are composed of one - or more cells.
- The cell is the basic unit of life.
- All new cells arise from pre-existing cells
Major Parts of the Cell
Plasma Membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Outer covering that separates the cell’s interior from its surrounding environment. ● It also controls the exchange of essential component
Plasma Membrane
the organelles are suspended in a gel-like solution called cytosol that accounts for about 70% of cellular content.
also contains enzymes that break down waste and enable metabolic reactions.
Cytoplasm
● It is the most vital part of the cell
● It directs all of the cell’s activities and determines how a cell should appear and function.
● A double layer of nuclear membrane encloses the nucleus to keep it distinct from other cellular components.
● _________ serves as the site of ribosomes synthesis.
● _________ holds chromosomes which carry tightly wrapped DNA.
Nucleus
Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions necessary for the cell’s survival and operation
Organelles
is a series of interconnected sacs and tubules that modifies proteins and synthesized lipids.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
are molecular machines found within all living cells that perform biological protein synthesis (translation).
Ribosomes
● Vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles that store nutrients, waste products, and help maintain turgor pressure in plant cells.
● Store water, nutrients, and waste products.
Vacuoles
is a series of stacked membranes that modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids for storage or transport out of the cell.
Golgi Apparatus
are membrane-bound organelles containing enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.
Lysosomes
It is the major energy currency of the cell that provides the energy for most of the energy-consuming activities of the cell.
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE
are the simplest type of cell.
- Oldest type of cell appeared about four billion years ago
-_______ are the largest group of organisms
- _______ unicellular organisms that are found in all environments.
- _______ do not have a nuclear membrane. Their circular shaped genetic material dispersed throughout cytoplasm.
-_______ do not have membrane-bound organelles.
- _________ are smaller in size when compared to Eukaryotes.
Prokaryotes
appeared approximately one billion years ago
- Nuclear membrane surrounds linear genetic material (DNA)
- Unlike prokaryotes, _________ have several different parts.
- Prokaryote’s organelles have coverings known as membranes.
- ________ have a complex internal structure
Eukaryotes
is a group of cells with a common origin, structure and function. Their common origin means they are derived from the same layer of cells in the embryo.
Tissue
Composed of immature cells without intercellular spaces.
Meristematic (meristos : dividing)