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Reviewer > PHILO EXAM > Flashcards

PHILO EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

refer to the options available to an individual when faced with a decision.

A

Choices

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2
Q

are the outcomes or results that follow from a choice. They can be immediate or long-term, intended or unintended.

A

Consequences

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3
Q

involve balancing different options against each other, often requiring the sacrifice of one benefit in favor of another. This concept highlights the limitations of resources, time, or values.

occurs when a decision requires giving up one option in favor of another. It involves balancing competing priorities or values, where choosing one alternative means forgoing others.

A

Trade-off

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4
Q

is a situation in which a person faces two or more conflicting choices, often with significant moral implications.

A

Dilemma

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5
Q

A philosophical concept that explore the mutual recognition of each other as persons. It cannot be denied that we interact with other beings in the world, but some of these beings that we interact with are persons and must be recognized as such.

A

Intersubjectivity

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6
Q

a Jewish philosopher who introduced the
“I-Thou” and “I-It” relationships to embody his philosophy of intersubjectivity.

A

Martin Buber

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7
Q

In _________ man has the capacity to share himself to others. This affirms the reality that man acts and exists with others.

A

Theory of participation

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8
Q

He is also St. John Paul II but as a philosopher.

A

KAROL WOJTYLA

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9
Q

In his philosophy, __________ stresses order and harmony in the world. His aims can be achieved through practical, concrete, particular, and perceptual ways. This means ________ thinking on intersubjectivity is practical humanism. There is an emphasis on human actions in sociality.

A

Confucious

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10
Q

occurs when two persons “open up” to each other and give and receive one another in their encounter

A

Dialougue

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11
Q

The ability to share emotions, is an important aspect of intersubjectivity. This emotion is driven by a person’s awareness that the other is a person with thoughts and feelings.

A

Empathy

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12
Q

The willingness of a person to be present and be at the disposal of another.

A

Availability

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13
Q

refers to how people appear to one another, which may not always reflect their true thoughts, feelings, or intentions. It is how one person perceives another’s behavior, emotions, or motivations, often influenced by external actions, body language, or communication.

A

Seeming

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14
Q

The ability to make choices and perform those choices.

A

Freedom

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15
Q

According to Merriam Dictionary, it is the quality
or state of being free.
It is our capacity to choose of what we wanted
and an inner awareness of what is right and
wrong that is traced to our free will according
to Aristotle.
It is also an intrinsic and an essential property of
a human person which basically means, it is a
part of our human nature.

A

Freedom itself

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16
Q

allows us to decide on things we do depending on the situation.

It is our ability to choose between two different possible courses of action, independently.

A

Freewill

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17
Q

KINDS OF FREEDOM

A

Physical Freedom
Psychological Freedom
Moral Freedom

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18
Q

refers to the absence of any physical restraint. The person has the freedom of mobility to go where he or she wants to go. He or she is not impeded in his or her actions by any physical force.

A

Physical Freedom

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19
Q

is also called freedom of choice. The person is free to perform actions that he or she considers right and wise. A person is also free to act or not to act.

A

Psychological Freedom

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20
Q

refers to using freedom in a manner that upholds human dignity and goodness.

A

Moral Freedom

21
Q

It is the ability of a person to act of his or her own free will and self-determination. A person may decide to do things or not to do it according to his own free will.

A

Voluntariness

22
Q

refers to the person being accountable for his or her action and their consequences.

A

Responsibility

23
Q

is the ability to govern and discipline oneself with the use of reason; it is having caution and giving good judgments in making decisions.

A

Prudence

24
Q

allows us to be more rational in making choices, because sometimes human beings tend to be slaves by their emotions and moods whenever they act certain things.

A

Self-reflection

25
Q

As humans, we enjoy freedom, but we need to understand that it is not absolute. Meaning, we should exercise our freedom with control and reasonable limits.

A

Freedom should be exercised with control and reasonable limits.

26
Q

As a rational beings, it is natural for us to think before we act. We use our freedom to acquire knowledge, which in turn are useful in making right and sound decisions essential in dealing with our life situations.

A

Freedom should be exercised with regard for knowledge and truth.

27
Q

Freedom is recognized and guaranteed right for all persons. Meaning, freedom should be enjoyed by all.

But it is important to remember that freedom should be exercised not as a tool to restrict the freedom of others, but as a means to enable others to fully enjoy their own freedom.

A

Freedom should be exercised to uphold the freedom of others.

28
Q

is a group of people who share a culture, institutions, and a way of life, and who are organized through patterns of relationships

A

Society

29
Q

This form of society is recognized as the
earliest and the simplest; basically small
and composed mostly of families. They are
nomadic, meaning, they kept on
transferring from one place to another to
look for food, thus, they do not have
permanent houses.

A

HUNTING AND GATHERING SOCIETY

30
Q

this form of society is characterized by the
raising (alaga) of animals to supply their
food especially in the regions of the world
where vegetable growing is not possible.
They also engage in buying and selling of
goods with other groups.

A

Pastoral Society

31
Q

This form of society engages in the growing of plants, fruits and vegetables.
In this society, there is enough food supply.
Some members of the society also engage in making crafts and buying and selling of goods.

A

HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY

32
Q

This form of society grows rice and other crops. They also began to farm and raise animals for food.
They lived permanently and improved the technology for farming.
Money became a form of exchange for goods and services.

A

AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY

33
Q

It is a form of society in which the ruler or lord owned all the land while the farmers or laborers farmed it.

A

FEUDAL SOCIETY

34
Q

This society used machineries in the production of goods and services.
Through innovations and technological advances, daily activities become easier and the lives of the people become better.

A

INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY

35
Q

Also known as the virtual (computer) society, people use technology and the Internet to communicate, to engage in business and access different information that can be if used to deal with daily activities.

A

POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY

36
Q

are set of traits and behavior that society considers good and acceptable. The society expects us to behave the way it is used to. When we do not obey to the established norms, then we experience punishments for not doing so.

A

Norms

37
Q

are made to provide us proper guidelines to sustain peace and order. Violation of the law means punishment.

A

Laws

38
Q

are traditional in nature and do not result in punishment if not followed.

A

Folkways

39
Q

a relationship where each person does something for the other in exchange for something in return. Interaction is based on regard for each other as a means of attaining one’s goal.

A

Transactional Relationship

40
Q

Interactions are based on mutual regard from each other as persons. Interaction is based on cooperation rather then competition.

A

Personal Relationship

41
Q

is commonly understood as the end of bodily functions. It also refers to the separation of body and spirit.

A

Death

42
Q

“full stop” or “end of a line”. Life ends and nothing follows.

A

End as Terminus

43
Q

“goal, purpose, or fulfillment”. Although we are oriented towards our death, death is not the goal of life but to live a meaningful life, to be virtuous,
and achieve excellence.

A

End as Telos

44
Q

is a state of being (over all physical condition of a person), not just only an emotion or a decision.

A

Happiness

45
Q

is one which is pursued for its own sake, example is love and friendship.

A

Noble Good

46
Q

is found only from what it can provide, example, money is good as it can buy you something.

A

Useful Good

47
Q

is good so long as it provides some form of pleasure, though it does not have to be physical.

A

Pleasurable Good

48
Q

is generally viewed as a state of feeling discomfort or pain.

A

Suffering

Reviewer (47 decks)

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