translation Flashcards
what is process of translation
process in which the code carried by a mRNA molecule is used to synthesize a protein by assembling a series of amino acids.
where does translation happen
happens at ribosome in cytoplasm.
what is involved
mRNA: message carried by the mRNA molecule will be translated into the synthesis of a specific protein molecule.
tRNA: transports amino acid to ribosome
about ribosomes, and its parts.
are organelles in the cytoplasm of cell
made up of rrna and a large # of proteins.
large subunit and small subunit
what is on tRNA
at one end there are 3 exposed nucleotides called anti-codon, which bonds to complementary mRNA.
at the other end is a site for tRNA to bind with a particular amino acid.
initiation
once mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters cytoplasm, it joins with small subunit of a ribosome. ribosome attaches to 5’.
small subunit moves along mRNA molecule until it reaches a start codon. when reached, tRNA molecule with the complementary anti codon transports a methionine and binds to codon on mrna.
large subunit binds to entire complex
elongation
ribosome moves along the mRNA molecule one codon at a time.
when a new codon enters the ribosome, the tRNA molecule with the complementary anti-codon and associated amino acid attach to the ribosome.
amino acid on tRNA will bind together with peptide bonds to form a chain.
process continues one codon/one amino acid/ one anti-codon until stop codon
termination
as tRNA molecules loose their amino acids, they are released back in cytoplasm.
at stop codon, amino acid chain, mRNA molecule and subumits of ribosome are released.
what is made
when amino acid chain is released from ribosome, it can fold up to take its unique form/shape and become a functional protein
