hormones/signalling Flashcards
endocrine
stress
reach distant targets
secreted into circulation (blood or hemolymph)
paracrine
nerve synapse
target cell is nearby
interacts w/ diff cell types
autocrine
positive feedback
target cell is nearby
interacts w/ same cell type
pheromones
released into the environment and act on other individuals
synaptic signalling
secrete neurotransmitters that diffuse very short distances (can be paracrine or autocrine)
neuron to neuron= autocrine
important for memory, cognition, movement,
synapse
space between neuron and target cell
neurosecretory cells
secrete neurohormones (antidiuretic hormone) that diffuse from nerve cell into blood
different methods and depend on distance
endocrine glands
ductless organs (no tube or vessels)
secretes hormones directly into surrounding fluid (blood/hemolymph)
chemical classes- gaseous molecules (paracrine and autocrine)
able to diffuse into water and lipids (neither hydrophobic/hydrophilic)
not considered hormones
what regulates locally and as a neurotransmitter
NO
chemical classes- protein
encoded by genes
stored in vesicles within respective tissues
hydrophilic
ex: insulin, growth factors
chemical classes- amines
produced from amino acids
stored in vesicles within respective tissues
usually hydrophilic
chemical classes- lipids
fatty acids and steroids
hydrophobic
prostaglandins- immune system, regulate smooth muscle
chemical classes- steroids
derived from cholesterol
glucose, and mineral balance
