rna and proteins Flashcards
compare DNA vs RNA
DNA: deoxyribose sugar (has an 3 H), bases are adenine, thymine, cytosine, & guanine. double stranded, is full chromosome, located in nucleus.
RNA: ribose sugar ( has 2 oh and 2 h), bases are same except t is turned into uracil, single stranded, part of chromosome, located in cytoplasm and nucleus.
function of messenger RNA (mRNA)
blueprint for a protein. creates a copy of DNA code and carries it out of the nucleus to the ribosomes (in cytoplasm)
codes for order of amino acids.
located in nucleus and cytoplasm.
function of transfer RNA (tRNA)
carry amino acid to ribosome in order to make proteins.
located in cytoplasm.
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
component of ribosomes.
positions mRNA.
creates bonds between amino acids.
where are proteins made
proteins are not made in the nucleus, but in cytoplasm at ribosomes (located in cytoplasm).
Where is DNA
in nucleus, it does not leave nucleus, rna does
what are ribosomes
are protein-making factories composed of over 50 proteins and rRNA.
proteins is a monomer, its polymer is…
chains of amino acids
amino acids consist of….
1) amino group
2) central carboxyl group
3) central carbon
4) and r group
there are 20 different amino acids that combine to make long amino acid chains.
R groups
each amino acid has a different r group.
r groups have different physical properties like size, charge, and solubility that impact protein structure
how do we create the chain
1) each triplet ( 3 nucleotides) of DNA has the potential code for 1 amino acid making up protein.
2) the DNA is used as a template to make complementary mRNA molecule ( u to A)
what is a codon
each 3 combination of 3 nucleotides on mRNA is codon.
each codon has a potential code for 1 specific amino acid
building the amino acid chain.
ribosome will wait until it reaches this start codon. to start building the chain
start codon: AUG, first amino acid always methionine
stop codons signal the end of amino acid chain.
stop codons: UAA, UAG, UGA.
