genetic tech Flashcards

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1
Q

PCR

A

uses one enzyme (heat resistance)

DNA denturation: heat used to separate double stranded DNA

annealing: sample cooled. DNA primers form hydrogen bonds to complimentary sections on each DNA

elongation: temp increased, synthesizes new strands

conclusion: doubles amount of DNA each round

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2
Q

restriction enzymes (where its found and function)

A

naturally found in bacteria and used to cut viral DNA.

each enzyme cuts DNA at a specific site called restriction site (sticky ends and stair step)

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3
Q

gel electrophoresis steps

A

cut dna with RE

DNA is negatively charged (phosphate group) so it moves toward positive (smaller strands faster)

gel slows DNA movement

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4
Q

uses for probes

A
  1. detect a sequence in the organism/ repeats (uses dyes)
    -allele of interest (known mutation) or finding organisms hard to observe
  2. genetic mapping (gel): examines size distribution of DNA pieces (restriction fragments)
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5
Q

uses for gel

A
  1. dna fingerprinting: to identify individuals in a population (short tandem repeats,non coding)
  2. genetic disorders:
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6
Q

cas 9 enzyme with rna guide

A

the guide rna determines where dna is cut

a gene is inserted
the cells DNA repair mechanism adds the inserted gene to the chromosome

the gene is deactivated by nucleotides if no gene is inserted

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7
Q

3 ways to use crispr

A
  1. dna containing gene for desired cell
  2. plasmid has gene that allows itself to become part of a plant chromosome
  3. viral vectors (viruses composed of nucleic acids)
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