genetic tech

Question 1

PCR

Answer 1

uses one enzyme (heat resistance)

DNA denturation: heat used to separate double stranded DNA

annealing: sample cooled. DNA primers form hydrogen bonds to complimentary sections on each DNA

elongation: temp increased, synthesizes new strands

conclusion: doubles amount of DNA each round

Question 2

restriction enzymes (where its found and function)

Answer 2

naturally found in bacteria and used to cut viral DNA.

each enzyme cuts DNA at a specific site called restriction site (sticky ends and stair step)

Question 3

gel electrophoresis steps

Answer 3

cut dna with RE

DNA is negatively charged (phosphate group) so it moves toward positive (smaller strands faster)

gel slows DNA movement

Question 4

uses for probes

Answer 4

1. detect a sequence in the organism/ repeats (uses dyes)
   -allele of interest (known mutation) or finding organisms hard to observe
2. genetic mapping (gel): examines size distribution of DNA pieces (restriction fragments)

Question 5

uses for gel

Answer 5

1. dna fingerprinting: to identify individuals in a population (short tandem repeats,non coding)
2. genetic disorders:

Question 6

cas 9 enzyme with rna guide

Answer 6

the guide rna determines where dna is cut

a gene is inserted
the cells DNA repair mechanism adds the inserted gene to the chromosome

the gene is deactivated by nucleotides if no gene is inserted

Question 7

3 ways to use crispr

Answer 7

1. dna containing gene for desired cell
2. plasmid has gene that allows itself to become part of a plant chromosome
3. viral vectors (viruses composed of nucleic acids)