evolution intro

Question 1

definition of evolution (general)

Answer 1

change within organisms over time. 2 types
1. development (general- young to old)

2. acclimation- response to changing due to environmental conditions (can be visible or not)

Question 2

specific biological definition of evolution

Answer 2

change in genetic makeup of a population over time.

populations evolve, not individuals

Question 3

aristotle

Answer 3

species dont change over time (no biological evolution)

natural order exist in the world and does not change.

pyramid: all things around you (living or not) can be arranged by how complex they are.

Question 4

plato

Answer 4

one ideal form. variation is not important and something we should ignore

Question 5

jean lamarack

Answer 5

1. linear force: things gets complex over time.
   driven by some internal force in living things. (organisms change themselves for the better)

2.lateral force: organisms have features that suit them to where and how they live
-body parts that develop in a certain way is passed to offspring (girraffes and long necks)
-basically adaptation to the environment

Question 6

2 ideas darwin was influenced by

Answer 6

1. uniformitarianism: world is under constant slow change. large changes can occur over long periods of time (landforms)
2. an essay on populations by thomas:human populations increase faster than resources - struggle for existance

Question 7

theory of natural selection, darwins observations

Answer 7

1. all organisms can reproduce at an exponential rate
2. populations do not increase exponentially
3. resources are limited
4. individuals in a population vary in a number of traits
5. some variability are inherited (the ones that survive, pass the traits that made them suitable to survive)

Question 8

darwins conclusions

Answer 8

1. struggle for existance
   2.ability to survive is related to variation in traits
2. over many generations, populations evolve adapting to their local conditions
   (populations of same species in different environments evolve to different species)
3. applying concept of uniformitarainsm- all species evolve from a common ancestral species

Question 9

importance of probability

Answer 9

random events
1. variation (thick fur in hot climate)
2. pressence of organisms in particular environments

the sucess of an organism is partly a random event

Question 10

darwins mistake: pangenesis

Answer 10

thought that all parts of parents could contribute to evolution and development of offspring

ex: rabbits, blood transfer

Question 11

evidence for evolution

Answer 11

artificial selection: can be breed to look different (dogs)

biogeography: since they share a common ancestor, organisms from one region are more similar to eachother than organisms from other regions

Question 12

fossil record

Answer 12

fossils are not arranged at random
-fossils of recent origin resemble organisms living in the region

Question 13

comparative anatomy

Answer 13

homologous structure: same limbs, diff function

analogous structure: same function, diff structure

molecular bio: evolutionary relationships can be determined from chemical or genetic similarity of organisms

coeevolution: organisms that rely on one another to evolve

Question 14

traditional arguments against evolution

Answer 14

. lack of intermediate forms
2. dilution of favourable traits
3. blind watchmaker
4. inheritance complexity
detailed explanations in book