Topic 51 Flashcards
Transgenesis
the process of introducing an exogenous gene - called a transgene - into a living organism so that the organism will exhibit a new property and transmit that property to its offspring
Advantage
Add completely new metabolic abilities like forming an essential amino acid, proteins and medicine
Organ donation
Xeno transplantation; e.g. using a swine heart in human. Difficult as need to knock out most of the strong ordinary antigenic systems in swine. Dangerous
Recombinant protein production
mass produce of recombinated proteins
- are proteins that are made in a lab using genetic materials from multiple sources creating a protein that is otherwise not found in the organism
Procedure of transgenesis
Gene isolation; cutting by restriction enzymes; joining with a vector (plasmid); transfer of gene into new organism; integration nand expression of the gene; production of protein, drug and hormone
Methods of gene transfer
microinjection of DNA into the paternal pronucleus right after fertilization of the oocyte. Success is very low. Can ruin the function of oter genes
CRISPR
CRISPR (/ˈkrɪspər/) (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is a family of DNA sequences found within the genomes of prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria and archaea.[1] These sequences are derived from DNA fragments from viruses that have previously infected the prokaryote and are used to detect and destroy DNA from similar viruses during subsequent infections. Hence these sequences play a key role in the antiviral defense system of prokaryotes.[1]
Cas9
enzyme that uses CRISPR sequences as a guide to recognize and cleave specific strands of DNA that are complementary to the CRISPR sequence. Cas9 enzymes together with CRISPR sequences form the basis of a technology known as CRISPR/Cas9 that can be used to edit genes within organisms
The CRISPR/Cas system
a prokaryotic immune system that confers resistance to foreign genetic elements such as those present within plasmids and phages[5][6][7] that provides a form of acquired immunity.
protein aggregation
accumulate and clump together
