Topic 25

Question 1

What is polymorphism?

Answer 1

Two or more phenotypes present in the same species/occurrence of more than one form

Question 2

Level of differences

Answer 2

Phenotype/Genotype

Question 3

Phenotype

Answer 3

not always visible; Morphological, serological, biochemical

Question 4

Genotype:

Answer 4

detectable; DNA, mitochondrial DNA|

Question 5

Polymorph systems

Answer 5

Individual identification, Parentage control, LA disease resistancy, genetic equilibrium, inbreeding, genetic distance (between breeds), MAS (marker assisted selection)

Question 6

Blood group

Answer 6

The immunological and biochemical characteristic of the blood.

Question 7

How can characteristics be determined?

Answer 7

with lab tests

Question 8

Where are blood group antigens?

Answer 8

On the surface of RBC inherited from parents

Question 9

Glycoproteins

Answer 9

in different forms depending on sequence of sugar

Question 10

Where do animals inherit antigens from

Answer 10

Their parents

Question 11

What happens if the offsprings antigens are not presented on the parents?

Answer 11

Parentage is questionable

Question 12

What is simple codominant inheritance

Answer 12

expression of both alleles - 90% certainty

Question 13

Number of blood group systems in cattle

Answer 13

12

Question 14

Number of blood group systems in dog

Answer 14

8

Question 15

Number of blood group systems in chicken

Answer 15

12

Question 16

Number of blood group systems in horse

Answer 16

7

Question 17

Proteins

Answer 17

(restriction enzymes)
restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
- may be absent or present
- size cut differs
- ex electrophoresis, blood proteins (size) parentage testing

Question 18

MHC

Answer 18

Major Histocompatibility Complex; microglobulins, histoglobulins, heat stress proteins

Question 19

What is MHC responsible for?

Answer 19

MHC is responsible for the immune system/compatability between tissues

Question 20

Classes of MHC

Answer 20

Beta-2-microglobulins; Bets-lymphocytes and macrophage; complements, responsible for antigen presentation and immune reaction

Question 21

What do microsatellites consist of?

Answer 21

They consist of non coding repeating units of 2-7 base pairs in length in the genome

Question 22

Microsatellites - homozygotes

Answer 22

both alleles are the same length

Question 23

Microsatellites - heterozygotes

Answer 23

alleles differ and can be resolved from one another

Question 24

Simple codominant inheritance

Answer 24

99.9% certainty

Question 25

SNP

Answer 25

Single nucleotide polymorphism; DNA sequence variation

Question 26

Alleles of SNP

Answer 26

Almost all SNP have only 2 alleles (C and T)

Question 27

What can variations in DNA sequences affect?

Answer 27

Variations in DNA sequences can affect diseases and respond to pathogens, drugs,

Question 28

Detection of diseases:

Answer 28

RFLP method

Detect differences in the DNA sequencr btw two homologous chromosomes

Question 29

STR

Answer 29

A Short Tandem Repeat (STR) analysis is one of the most useful methods in molecular biology which is used to compare specific loci on DNA from two or more samples