Topic 25 Flashcards
What is polymorphism?
Two or more phenotypes present in the same species/occurrence of more than one form
Level of differences
Phenotype/Genotype
Phenotype
not always visible; Morphological, serological, biochemical
Genotype:
detectable; DNA, mitochondrial DNA|
Polymorph systems
Individual identification, Parentage control, LA disease resistancy, genetic equilibrium, inbreeding, genetic distance (between breeds), MAS (marker assisted selection)
Blood group
The immunological and biochemical characteristic of the blood.
How can characteristics be determined?
with lab tests
Where are blood group antigens?
On the surface of RBC inherited from parents
Glycoproteins
in different forms depending on sequence of sugar
Where do animals inherit antigens from
Their parents
What happens if the offsprings antigens are not presented on the parents?
Parentage is questionable
What is simple codominant inheritance
expression of both alleles - 90% certainty
Number of blood group systems in cattle
12
Number of blood group systems in dog
8
Number of blood group systems in chicken
12
Number of blood group systems in horse
7
Proteins
(restriction enzymes)
restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
- may be absent or present
- size cut differs
- ex electrophoresis, blood proteins (size) parentage testing
MHC
Major Histocompatibility Complex; microglobulins, histoglobulins, heat stress proteins
What is MHC responsible for?
MHC is responsible for the immune system/compatability between tissues
Classes of MHC
Beta-2-microglobulins; Bets-lymphocytes and macrophage; complements, responsible for antigen presentation and immune reaction
What do microsatellites consist of?
They consist of non coding repeating units of 2-7 base pairs in length in the genome
Microsatellites - homozygotes
both alleles are the same length
Microsatellites - heterozygotes
alleles differ and can be resolved from one another
Simple codominant inheritance
99.9% certainty
