To Prep 2 - Words Flashcards

Question

in retrospect

Answer 1

thinking about a past event or situation, often with a different opinion of it from the one you had at the time ex) In retrospect, the life of such a very old person becomes a kind of historical timeline, in which personal milestones are laid against the impersonal events of history (Ms. Capovilla was born the same year as Charlie Chaplin and was married the year the United States entered World War I).

Answer 2

2) not referring to any particular person ex) In retrospect, the life of such a very old person becomes a kind of historical timeline, in which personal milestones are laid against the impersonal events of history (Ms. Capovilla was born the same year as Charlie Chaplin and was married the year the United States entered World War I).

Answer 3

[intransitive] (+ adv./prep.) to wait somewhere secretly, especially because you are going to do something bad or illegal synonym skulk ex) But then there's always a question lurking in the obituary of a supercentenarian. How did she do it?

Answer 4

an article about somebody’s life and achievements, that is printed in a newspaper soon after they have died 부고 ex) But then there's always a question lurking in the obituary of a supercentenarian. How did she do it?

Answer 5

a person who is 100 years old or more ex) But then there's always a question lurking in the obituary of a supercentenarian. How did she do it?

Answer 6

having a strong effect on your feelings, especially in a way that makes you feel sad synonym moving ex) There is always something a little poignant about the news that the oldest person has died.

Answer 7

2) eclipse somebody/something to make somebody/something seem dull or unimportant by comparison synonym outshine, overshadow ex) No matter what kind of life she has lived, it is always eclipsed by the strangely passive fact of having lived so long.

Answer 8

2) to begin a job, task, etc. with a particular aim or goal ex) No one sets out to be the oldest person alive. He set out to betray Mr. Kim. But over time, he's become a fan of his.

Answer 9

to take action in order to prevent something from happening ex) He told Congress to head off a strike.

Answer 10

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 주의력결핍/과잉행동장애 ex) There is a surprising new study that finds many girls are at serious risk from a disorder much more commonly associated with boys. It's ADHD, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Answer 11

badly planned; not able to plan or organize well ex) Chloe was often distracted and disorganized, which led to frustration and family feuds.

Answer 12

an angry and bitter argument between two people or groups of people that continues over a long period of time ex) Chloe was often distracted and disorganized, which led to frustration and family feuds.

Answer 13

1) in a way that continues for a long time without interruption synonym continuously (1) ex) Chloe was often distracted and disorganized, which led to frustration and family feuds. But she was not perpetually restless.

Answer 14

1) a feature or quality that is typical of somebody/something ex) Girls have ADHD just as often as boys. But it looks very different, so it's harder to diagnose. They are no usually hyperactive. So, the hallmarks of ADHD tend not to be seen at all.

Answer 15

to flow down or hang down in large amounts ex) Professor Stephen Hinshaw's pioneering research reveals the cascading effects when girls go undiagnosed.

Answer 16

1) [transitive, intransitive] dull (something) (of pain or an emotion) to become or be made weaker or less severe ex) She's gonna be tempted, either to self-medicate or to dull some of the pain, to try alcohol and drugs.

Answer 17

(informal) (of business, somebody’s situation, etc.) to become better synonym improve ex) I know I've been down in the bumps since I got fired, but things are looking up now.

Answer 18

(informal) very fast, hard, much, etc. | ex) We're going to have to bake like crazy over the weekend. They wend 2,000 cookies by Monday.

Answer 19

to try to do too much, or something that is too difficult ex) Two thousand cookies in three day? Don't you think you've bitten off more than you can chew?

Answer 20

to be very busy and active trying to do something, but not very organized, with the result that you do not succeed ex) Yeah, you're going to be running around like a chicken with its head cut off!

Answer 21

(informal) to join in and help with an activity, by doing some of the work or by giving money, advice, etc. ex) Fortunately, there are four of us here. You kids will have to pitch in too.

Answer 22

to get started on something; to set off for a destination; to leave ex) Sorry, but I can't. I have to finish Ted's chemistry homework and then I've got to get going on my election speech.

Answer 23

used to emphasize that it is important to do something or when you are annoyed about something ex) For heaven's sake, Nicole! It's like pulling teeth getting you to do any work around here. Do be careful, for goodness' sake. For pity's sake, help me!

Answer 24

If you say that making someone do something was like pulling teeth, you mean it was very difficult and they did not want to do it: ex) For heaven's sake, Nicole! It's like pulling teeth getting you to do any work around here. Getting her to tell me about her childhood was like pulling teeth.

Answer 25

2) [countable, usually plural] (medical) a new problem or illness that makes treatment of a previous one more complicated or difficult ex) Preventing diabetes is so important, because it will then prevent all the pain and suffering that come along with a late diagnosis and the complications.

Answer 26

3) elevate something (specialist) to make the level of something increase ex) An estimated 40 million Americans have slightly elevated levels of sugar in their blood, putting them at high risk of developing diabetes.

Answer 27

to do something that corrects a bad situation synonym compensate ex) The company fired four employees to make up for the loss. Nothing can make up for the loss of a child. After all the delays, we were anxious to make up for lost time Her enthusiasm makes up for her lack of experience. A warm and sunny September made up for a miserable wet August.

Answer 28

a serious infectious disease in which swellings appear on the lungs and other parts of the body 폐결핵, 결핵 ex) Throughout much of Africa, the shortage of trained medical personnel is hurting the effort to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, not to mention other diseases, including malaria and tuberculosis, that are endemic in parts of the continent.

Answer 29

to be more than something synonym exceed ex) But a comprehensive solution to this problem would go beyond funds for training and better pay for medical personnel in Africa to include commitments by industrialized nations to educate more of their own doctors and nurses and to curb recruitment in underserved areas.

Answer 30

(of a disease) that spreads over a whole country or the whole world ex) Providing AIDS drugs is a great step forward, but the industrialized countries will fail in addressing the full dimensions of the AIDS pandemic if they do not help Africa build a stronger corps of trained health workers.

Answer 31

1) a large unit of an army, consisting of two or more divisions 2) one of the groups of an army with a special responsibility 3) a group of people involved in a particular job or activity ex) Providing AIDS drugs is a great step forward, but the industrialized countries will fail in addressing the full dimensions of the AIDS pandemic if they do not help Africa build a stronger corps of trained health workers.

Answer 32

reinvigorate something/somebody to give new energy or strength to something/somebody reinvigoration noun ex) These would include additional cigarette taxes of up to $2 a pack to discourage purchases, reinvigoration of state tobacco control programs that are jeopardized by budget cuts, more vigilant enforcement of laws that bar young people from buying cigarettes and stronger programs to help people quit.

Answer 33

very careful to notice any signs of danger or trouble synonym alert, watchful ex) These would include additional cigarette taxes of up to $2 a pack to discourage purchases, reinvigoration of state tobacco control programs that are jeopardized by budget cuts, more vigilant enforcement of laws that bar young people from buying cigarettes and stronger programs to help people quit.

Answer 34

2) to cause damage or have a serious effect on somebody/something ex) The only real hope of breaking smokers' addiction is to strike at the addictive properties of cigarettes and at the machinations of manufacturers who work hard to hook customers.

Answer 35

a secret and complicated plan synonym plot, intrigue ex) The only real hope of breaking smokers' addiction is to strike at the addictive properties of cigarettes and at the machinations of manufacturers who work hard to hook customers.

Answer 36

1) a person who lives, and can vote in a constituency 2) one of the parts of something that combine to form the whole ex) The panel recommends that Congress grant the Food and Drug Administration or some other agency the authority to regulate tobacco products, including the amount of nicotine and other harmful constituent.

Answer 37

1) [uncountable] (formal) the great size or importance of something; the degree to which something is large or important ex) I was actually surprised by the magnitude of the result. They were better than expected.

Answer 38

The first line of defence (or outside defence system) includes physical and chemical barriers that are always ready and prepared to defend the body from infection. These include your skin, tears, mucus, cilia, stomach acid, urine flow, 'friendly' bacteria and white blood cells called neutrophils. ex) But doctors say basic lifestyle changes remain the first line of defense.

Answer 39

a) if the stakes are high when you are trying to do something, you risk losing a lot or it will be dangerous if you fail ex) The stakes, says Clinton, are high. Climbing is a dangerous sport and the stakes are high.

Answer 40

1) a simple solution to a complicated problem synonym magic bullet ex) There is no silver bullet. What there is... is really sandbags.

Answer 41

used to say that there is a change in somebody’s luck or in how successful they are being ex) And if we have stacked enough sandbags we can turn the tide and stop the flood of obesity-causing factors.

Answer 42

to increase rapidly in number or amount synonym multiply ex) School-based programs are proliferating. The state of Arkansas, for example, now says its law requiring schools to report students' weight and body size to their parents has stopped the rise of childhood obesity. Books and articles on the subject have proliferated over the last year. Time passed and animal life proliferated.

Answer 43

managed or cared for with great attention ex) Don't worry, Mom. Your business is in good hands with Amber. She really knows her stuff. You’ll be in good hands with her – she’s a terrific lawyer.

Answer 44

(informal) to know a lot about a particular subject or job | ex) Don't worry, Mom. Your business is in good hands with Amber. She really knows her stuff.

Answer 45

if you lose your touch, you can no longer do something as well as you could before ex) 'Well, I'm sure you haven't lost your touch.' 'I might be a bit out of practice.' It's good to see their goalkeeper's not losing his touch.

Answer 46

to be/become less good at doing something than you were because you have not spent time doing it recently ex) 'Well, I'm sure you haven't lost your touch.' 'I might be a bit out of practice.' Don't ask me to speak French! I'm out of practice.

Answer 47

the clever ways of doing things, known and used by people who do a particular job or activity ex) Mom, you can watch Amber bake if you want. You might pick up a few tricks of the trade.

Answer 48

(saying) if too many people are involved in doing something, it will not be done well ex) Thanks, but I'm going to get out of the way. You know what they say: too many cooks spoil the broth!

Answer 49

(taboo, slang) to work very hard ex) Mom, why don't you just call it a night and go to bed. You've been working your tail off all day.

Answer 50

(informal) an easy remedy or solution, especially a temporary one which fails to address underlying problems ex) Only in 2007 did he realize there was no quick fix for this problem.

Answer 51

(of people or their actions) doing something that may not be sensible without first thinking about the possible results; done in this way synonym reckless ex) It would be rash to make definitive judgments until the F.D.A. completes a detailed analysis. It would be rash to assume that everyone will agree with you on this. Think twice before doing anything rash. This is what happens when you make rash decisions.

Answer 52

the fact of being or looking similar to somebody/something synonym likeness ex) But the handling of this case bears disturbing resemblances to the Vioxx debacle, in which early warning signs were ignored by its manufacturer until the evidence of serious harm became inescapable and the drug was pulled from the market. She bears an uncanny resemblance to Dido. The movie bears little resemblance to the original novel. The resemblance between the two signatures was remarkable.

Answer 53

(of a fact or a situation) that you cannot avoid or ignore synonym unavoidable ex) But the handling of this case bears disturbing resemblances to the Vioxx debacle, in which early warning signs were ignored by its manufacturer until the evidence of serious harm became inescapable and the drug was pulled from the market.

Answer 54

a simple type of sugar that is an important energy source in living things and which is a part of many carbohydrates ex) Avandia was approved for sale in 1999 based on studies showing that it could lower blood glucose levels in patients suffering from Type 2 diabetes, also known as adult-onset diabetes.

Answer 55

heed somebody/something (formal) to pay careful attention to somebody’s advice or warning synonym notice ex) What's most troubling is the possibility that early warning signs were not adequately heeded.

Answer 56

2) [transitive] prod somebody (into something/into doing something) to try to make somebody do something, especially when they are unwilling ex) Now, prodded by Dr. Nissen's article, the agency has issued a safety alert, is completing its own safety analysis and will convene a panel of experts to review the data.

Answer 57

1) [transitive] convene something to arrange for people to come together for a formal meeting ex) Now, prodded by Dr. Nissen's article, the agency has issued a safety alert, is completing its own safety analysis and will convene a panel of experts to review the data. 2) [intransitive] to come together for a formal meeting ex) The committee will convene at 11.30 next Thursday.

Answer 58

mitigate something (formal) to make something less harmful, serious, etc. synonym alleviate ex) Congress will need to probe hard to determine what risks the agency and the manufacturer were aware of and what they did - or didn't do - to mitigate them.

Answer 59

1) [intransitive, transitive] to ask questions in order to find out secret or hidden information about somebody/something synonym investigate ex) Congress will need to probe hard to determine what risks the agency and the manufacturer were aware of and what they did - or didn't do - to mitigate them.

Answer 60

wrong because you have understood or judged a situation badly synonym inappropriate ex) Misguided missile The new proposals are, in our opinion, totally misguided. She only did it in a misguided attempt to help. * that is led by somebody who works as a guide ex) a guided tour/walk guided missile: a missile that can be controlled while in the air by electronic equipment

Answer 61

unable to hear the difference between musical notes ex) But the Bush administration's tone-deaf plan to station parts of a missile-defense system in Poland and the Czech Republic and Moscow's snarling response shows that all sides could use a refresher course in diplomacy and civility.

Answer 62

1) [intransitive] snarl (at somebody/something) (of dogs, etc.) to show the teeth and make a deep angry noise in the throat 2) [transitive] to speak in an angry or bad-tempered way ex) But the Bush administration's tone-deaf plan to station parts of a missile-defense system in Poland and the Czech Republic and Moscow's snarling response shows that all sides could use a refresher course in diplomacy and civility.

Answer 63

(informal) used to say that you would like to have something very much ex) But the Bush administration's tone-deaf plan to station parts of a missile-defense system in Poland and the Czech Republic and Moscow's snarling response shows that all sides could use a refresher course in diplomacy and civility. I thinks we could all use a drink after that!

Answer 64

a short period of training to improve your skills or to teach you about new ideas and developments in your job ex) But the Bush administration's tone-deaf plan to station parts of a missile-defense system in Poland and the Czech Republic and Moscow's snarling response shows that all sides could use a refresher course in diplomacy and civility.

Answer 65

1) [uncountable] polite behaviour ex) But the Bush administration's tone-deaf plan to station parts of a missile-defense system in Poland and the Czech Republic and Moscow's snarling response shows that all sides could use a refresher course in diplomacy and civility.

Answer 66

larger, more serious, etc. in relation to something than is necessary or appropriate ex) Russia's furious reaction to the stationing of even weak missile defenses near its borders (and on the territory of its former satellites) was utterly out of proportion, if totally predictable.

Answer 67

a person from Poland * from or connected with Poland ex) A top Russian general, who sounded like he'd slept through the last 15 years, warned the Poles and the Czechs that Russia's missiles "ill be capable of targeting the facilities," while President Vladimir Putin shed crocodile tears against the rise of "one center of authority."

Answer 68

(a person) from the Czech Republic ex) ex) A top Russian general, who sounded like he'd slept through the last 15 years, warned the Poles and the Czechs that Russia's missiles "ill be capable of targeting the facilities," while President Vladimir Putin shed crocodile tears against the rise of "one center of authority."

Answer 69

if somebody sheds (= cries) crocodile tears, they pretend to be sad about something, but they are not really sad at all ex) ex) A top Russian general, who sounded like he'd slept through the last 15 years, warned the Poles and the Czechs that Russia's missiles "ill be capable of targeting the facilities," while President Vladimir Putin shed crocodile tears against the rise of "one center of authority."

Answer 70

to do something that gives you your first experience of a particular type of work ex) Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, who cut her teeth on Kremlinology, should have known how Moscow would react, and that provoking Moscow this way would be especially counterproductive in her efforts to get Russia to help put pressure on Iran to halt its nuclear efforts.

Answer 71

(formerly) the study and analysis of the policies and practices of the Soviet government ex) Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, who cut her teeth on Kremlinology, should have known how Moscow would react, and that provoking Moscow this way would be especially counterproductive in her efforts to get Russia to help put pressure on Iran to halt its nuclear efforts.

Answer 72

having the opposite effect to the one which was intended ex) Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, who cut her teeth on Kremlinology, should have known how Moscow would react, and that provoking Moscow this way would be especially counterproductive in her efforts to get Russia to help put pressure on Iran to halt its nuclear efforts.

Answer 73

1) (informal) a short argument or disagreement about something unimportant ex) This is a spat that should be quickly reined in.

Answer 74

very cruel and bitter comments or criticism synonym abuse ex) Washington has wisely chosen to respond calmly to the Russoan vitriol, and Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov has taken some welcome steps to moderate Moscow's stance.

Answer 75

irk somebody (to do something) | it irks somebody that… (formal or literary) to annoy or irritate somebody * annoying or irritating synonym tiresome ex) A few interceptors in Europe may or may not work against "rogue states," but they're counterproductive if all they do is (to) provoke Russia and irk NATO allies.

Answer 76

1) [singular, uncountable] a complete failure to reach agreement or settle an argument synonym stalemate/impasse/stand-off/stalemate ex) There are some signs, tonight, the first signs really, that a deal to end the deadlock over Iran's nuclear program might be possible. Might be.

Answer 77

2) (formal) the state of being whole and not divided synonym unity ex) The deal would also open the door to guarantees for Iran's territorial integrity, words meant to assure Iran there would be no invasion by the US or Israel. to respect the territorial integrity of the nation

Answer 78

1) [countable] a group of military ships commanded by the same person 4) [countable] fleet (of something) a group of planes, buses, taxis, etc. travelling together or owned by the same organization ex) Iran would be allowed to buy a new fleet of American and European aircraft, something which it is now forbidden to do.

Answer 79

(pl. embargoes) an official order that bans trade with another country synonym boycott ex) If Iran rejects the deal, the draft proposal threatens a long list of sanctions, including freezing Iranian assets abroad, a travel ban on high-ranking officials, an arms embargo, and reducing diplomatic relations. an embargo on arms sales to certain countries to impose/enforce/lift an embargo

Answer 80

only a few hours, minutes, etc. ex) Secretary of State Rice says Iran has a matter of weeks to respond to this offer. It was all over in a matter of minutes. The bullet missed her by a matter of inches.

Answer 81

suggesting that something bad is going to happen in the future synonym foreboding ex) There is potentially ominous news from North Korea. She picked up the phone but there was an ominous silence at the other end.

Answer 82

very dangerous synonym hazardous * 1) [uncountable] serious danger ex) China and Russia are helping make the world a much more perilous place. a perilous adventure/journey

Answer 83

a place where a road leads away from the one you are travelling on ex) Every diplomatic road has its turnings. I think we must have taken a wrong turning somewhere.

Answer 84

1) in a way that is intended to make people angry or upset; in a way that is intended to make people argue about something ex) North Korea, which in October provocatively tested what it said was a nuclear bomb, has just rejoined the six-way talks with America, South Korea, Japan, China and Russia that is has been boycotting for more than a year.

Answer 85

to use force and threats to make people do what you want ex) Strong-armed back to the table by China, North Korea's boss, Kim Jong Il, still shows no sign of preparing to abandon his bombs. We never strong-armed anybody. I told people about the website and they could take it or leave it.

Answer 86

capable of nuclear fission 핵분열성의 * (also nuclear fission) (physics) the act or process of splitting the nucleus (= central part) of an atom, when a large amount of energy is released 핵분열/분열 ** (also nuclear fusion) [uncountable] (physics) the act or process of combining the nuclei (= central parts) of atoms to form a heavier nucleus, with energy being released 핵융합/융합/결합 ex) Despite an earlier agreement in principle to disarm, he may already have enough fissile material for up to a dozen bombs.

Answer 87

1) intended to last for only a short time until somebody/something more permanent is found ex) He wants to be rewarded for his weapons test with a Western-designed nuclear reactor, interim energy supplies and the like, all of which he forfeited four years ago when he broke a 1994 agreement to end his illicit plutonium-making by messing about with uranium too.

Answer 88

forfeit something to lose something or have something taken away from you because you have done something wrong ex) He wants to be rewarded for his weapons test with a Western-designed nuclear reactor, interim energy supplies and the like, all of which he forfeited four years ago when he broke a 1994 agreement to end his illicit plutonium-making by messing about with uranium too. If you cancel your flight, you will forfeit your deposit. He has forfeited his right to be taken seriously.

Answer 89

[intransitive] renege (on something) (formal) to break a promise, an agreement, etc. ex) Needless to say, lifting sanctions and paying bribes in the hope that Mr. Kim, who has reneged on every nuclear agreement he has made, will get around to disarming some fine day would have the opposite effect: to legitimise his bomb.

Answer 90

to find the time to do something ex) Needless to say, lifting sanctions and paying bribes in the hope that Mr. Kim, who has reneged on every nuclear agreement he has made, will get around to disarming some fine day would have the opposite effect: to legitimise his bomb. I meant to do the ironing but I didn't get round to it. I hope to get around to answering your letter next week.

Answer 91

1) legitimize something to make something that is wrong or unfair seem acceptable ex) Needless to say, lifting sanctions and paying bribes in the hope that Mr. Kim, who has reneged on every nuclear agreement he has made, will get around to disarming some fine day would have the opposite effect: to legitimise his bomb.

Answer 92

rude in an amusing or an annoying way ex) Needless to say, lifting sanctions and paying bribes in the hope that Mr. Kim, who has reneged on every nuclear agreement he has made, will get around to disarming some fine day would have the opposite effect: to legitimise his bomb. Just a cheeky opening gambit in a tough negotiation? You cheeky monkey! a cheeky grin You're getting far too cheeky!

Answer 93

1) a thing that somebody does, or something that somebody says at the beginning of a situation or conversation, that is intended to give them some advantage ex) Needless to say, lifting sanctions and paying bribes in the hope that Mr. Kim, who has reneged on every nuclear agreement he has made, will get around to disarming some fine day would have the opposite effect: to legitimise his bomb. Just a cheeky opening gambit in a tough negotiation? an opening gambit (=the first thing you say) The opposition have dismissed promises of tax cuts as a pre-election gambit. His idea of a brilliant conversational gambit is ‘What’s a nice girl like you doing in a place like this?’

Answer 94

1) to stay in a place and wait for something unpleasant or boring to finish ex) But the signs are that Mr. Kim has a different purpose than disarmament: to keep an angry China off his back while he sits out the Bush administration in the hope that the next American president, and the world, will learn to live with a nuclear North Korea.

Answer 95

to accept something unpleasant ex) But the signs are that Mr. Kim has a different purpose than disarmament: to keep an angry China off his back while he sits out the Bush administration in the hope that the next American president, and the world, will learn to live with a nuclear North Korea.

Answer 96

(informal) (of a plan or an action, especially one that involves risk) to be successful and bring good results ex) The strategy could pay off. Although it backed UN sanctions on North Korea after its bomb test, China has been dismayingly slow to see them enforced.

Answer 97

increasing in regular amounts ex) Russia agreed with America, China and three European countries (Britain, France and Germany) leading the effort to get Iran to comply with the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT): incremental sanctions should follow unless Iran suspends its uranium and plutonium work.

Answer 98

to make something gradually decrease in value or amount * to form a piece of wood, etc. into a particular shape by cutting small pieces from it ex) Iran refuses. But Russia has spent the past months whittling away the proposed list.

Answer 99

to protect or defend yourself against danger, illness, attack, etc ex) Its selfish aim has been to exempt from sanctions the Bushehr nuclear-reactor project it is completing for Iran, and to ward off a financial squeeze that might put at risk the profits Russia hopes to earn from providing nuclear fuel for the reactor, which is due to be commissioned in 2007.

Answer 100

in a way that shows that you are not worried or that you are not treating something as serious ex) More airily, President Vladimir Putin argues that Iran, unlike North Korea, has not expelled nuclear inspectors, flounced out of the NPT or set off a weapons test - and should be dealt with gently.,

Answer 101

to try hard to find out more information about something * [intransitive] + adv./prep. to search for something inside a bag, container, etc. synonym dig ex) It has already blocked inspectors' efforts to delve into some of its suspect nuclear past.

Answer 102

if a person does something bad with impunity, they do not get punished for what they have done ex) There is no need for the regime to threaten to leave the NPT now, since it can apparently break the treaty's rules with impunity.

Answer 103

not long in advance; without warning or time for preparation ex) But if suspicions are correct that Iran has been secretly learning how to build and trigger a nuclear device, and shape a missile cone to carry such a warhead (as well as publicly developing nuclear-capable, far-flying missiles), then once it has fully mastered uranium enrichment it will soon be poised to break out at short notice, at a moment of its choosing.

Answer 104

1) [not before noun] in a position that is completely still but is ready to move at any moment 3) [not before noun] completely ready for something or to do something synonym set ex) But if suspicions are correct that Iran has been secretly learning how to build and trigger a nuclear device, and shape a missile cone to carry such a warhead (as well as publicly developing nuclear-capable, far-flying missiles), then once it has fully mastered uranium enrichment it will soon be poised to break out at short notice, at a moment of its choosing.

Answer 105

2) to act or behave in the way that somebody else has just done ex) If neither North Korea nor Iran is shown to pay a heavy price for breaking the NPT and defying the Security Council, others nervously rethinking their nuclear ambitions will be tempted to follow suit.

Answer 106

enfeeble somebody/something (formal) to make somebody/something weak * 1) very weak ex) By enfeebling diplomacy, China and Russia are taking the world into more dangerous territory.

Answer 107

to blame somebody/something for a failure or for something bad that another person has done ex) Scapegoating immigrants The community chose to ignore its own failings and to scapegoat her instead.

Answer 108

1) [countable, uncountable] (formal) a feeling or an opinion, especially one based on emotions ex) By some accounts, the country is drowning in immigrants - including the estimated 12 million who are undocumented - taking jobs and driving down wages. Mix anti-immigrant sentiment and overinflated rhetoric about terrorists, and false images emerge of white America being overrun by brown-skinned criminals.

Answer 109

1) (of a price or value) too high 2) made to seem better, worse, more important, etc. than it really is synonym exaggerated ex) By some accounts, the country is drowning in immigrants - including the estimated 12 million who are undocumented - taking jobs and driving down wages. Mix anti-immigrant sentiment and overinflated rhetoric about terrorists, and false images emerge of white America being overrun by brown-skinned criminals.

Answer 110

1) (formal, often disapproving) speech or writing that is intended to influence people, but that is not completely honest or sincere 2) (formal) the skill of using language in speech or writing in a special way that influences or entertains people ex) By some accounts, the country is drowning in immigrants - including the estimated 12 million who are undocumented - taking jobs and driving down wages. Mix anti-immigrant sentiment and overinflated rhetoric about terrorists, and false images emerge of white America being overrun by brown-skinned criminals.

Answer 111

1) for which there is a fair and acceptable reason synonym valid, justifiable ex) Contractors and carpenters do make a legitimate argument that they are undercut by competitors who can make low bids because they underpay undocumented workers.

Answer 112

1) [transitive, often passive] overrun something (especially of something bad or not wanted) to fill or spread over an area quickly, especially in large numbers ex) By some accounts, the country is drowning in immigrants - including the estimated 12 million who are undocumented - taking jobs and driving down wages. Mix anti-immigrant sentiment and overinflated rhetoric about terrorists, and false images emerge of white America being overrun by brown-skinned criminals. The house was completely overrun with mice. Enemy soldiers had overrun the island. The tiny village was overrun by tourists.

Answer 113

1) [usually before noun] connected with the particular method you use to achieve something synonym strategic 2) [usually before noun] carefully planned in order to achieve a particular aim synonym strategic ex) It's a factual and tactical mistake to lump terrorism with unrelated issues of undocumented immigrants seeking work.

Answer 114

1) to make something increase rapidly ex) It's a factual and tactical mistake to lump terrorism with unrelated issues of undocumented immigrants seeking work. Nonetheless, towns in Massachusetts and other states are piling on.

Answer 115

(of a person’s face) pale and thin, especially because of illness, cold or worry ex) Anti-immigrant stances are shortsighted, but they suggest that many Americans themselves feel pinched, unfairly treated, and cut off from opportunities to get ahead.

Answer 116

attractive in an unusual or old-fashioned way ex) In Massachusetts, for example, the notion of young couples moving into affordable starter homes seems increasingly quaint. quaint old customs a quaint seaside village

Answer 117

an idea, a belief or an understanding of something ex) In Massachusetts, for example, the notion of young couples moving into affordable starter homes seems increasingly quaint. a political system based on the notions of equality and liberty She had only a vague notion of what might happen. He has no notion of the difficulty of the problem. I have to reject the notion that greed can be a good thing.

Answer 118

3) not straight or level ex) Scapegoating immigrants is easy. But much of what ails ordinary Americans is a skewed economic playing field that makes it difficult to get ahead.

Answer 119

1) ail something (formal) to cause problems for somebody/something ex) Scapegoating immigrants is easy. But much of what ails ordinary Americans is a skewed economic playing field that makes it difficult to get ahead.

Answer 120

1) crazy 2) nuts about somebody/something very much in love with somebody; very enthusiastic about something ex) I was nuts about you from the beginning too, Amber.

Answer 121

(informal) used when somebody wants somebody else to stop doing or saying something that is annoying, or to stop saying something that is not true ex) 'Come here and give me a kiss.' 'Give me a break, Amber! We don't have time for that now. We need to crank out these cookies.'

Answer 122

(informal) to produce a lot of something quickly, especially things of low quality synonym turn somebody/something↔out | chrun something↔out ex) 'Come here and give me a kiss.' 'Give me a break, Amber! We don't have time for that now. We need to crank out these cookies.'

Answer 123

an extremely important moment or period of time when you must make a decision or take action; a crucial time ex) Amber, I'm head over heels in love with you. But it's crunch time with these cookies.

Answer 124

if somebody has a one-track mind, they can only think about one subject (often used to refer to somebody thinking about sex) ex) Cookies, cookies, cookies - you've got a one-track mind. All he ever talks about is football. He's got a one-track mind.

Answer 125

to continue working hard at something, especially something that you find difficult ex) No, I'll keep plugging away... I'm just your cookies slave. Go ahead, treat me like dirt.

Answer 126

(informal) to treat somebody with no respect at all ex) No, I'll keep plugging away... I'm just your cookies slave. Go ahead, treat me like dirt. They treat their workers like dirt.

Answer 127

2) make out (with somebody) (North American English, informal) to kiss and touch somebody in a sexual way; to have sex with somebody ex) Hey, what's going on in here? Are you two making cookies or making out?

Answer 128

approval of a politician as shown by opinion polls ex) The President's approval rating on immigration is almost as low as his overall job approval.

Answer 129

to claim that your side of an argument is morally better than your opponents’ side; to argue in a way that makes your side seem morally better ex) His Oval Office address last night was intended to seize the political high ground on immigration.

Answer 130

to get somebody’s support or approval by persuading them that you are right ex) But it doesn't look like he won over many critics. She's against the idea but I'm sure I can win her over.

Answer 131

(Expression) Idiom - referring to an extremely annoying, unpleasant uncomfortably loud sound or noise. Usually referring to someone's voice. ex) Some of that was finger nails on a chalkboard. When she song the national anthem, she sounded like nails on a chalkboard.

Answer 132

1) [countable, usually singular, uncountable] an official statement that allows people who have been put in prison for crimes against the state to go free ex) If you give a person who came here illegally every single benefit that you give to somebody who comes legally, all the way to citizenship and the benefits that come with that, then it's hard to say that's not an amnesty.

Answer 133

elicit something (from somebody) (formal) to get information or a reaction from somebody, often with difficulty ex) Even the war on terrorism, oftentimes discussed in town meeting doesn't elicit as much passion as the debate over this subject.

Answer 134

1) [often passive] compound something to make something bad become even worse by causing further damage or problems ex) Access, anonymity of Internet may compound addiction problems. The problems were compounded by severe food shortages. The Chancellor compounded the situation by ruling out an early cut in interest rates.

Answer 135

1) (of a voice) deep and rough, and often sounding unfriendly 2) (of a person’s behaviour) unfriendly and impatient ex) Gambling has been around for centuries, from gruff Wild West saloons to glitzy Las Vegas casinos.

Answer 136

1) [countable, uncountable] manifestation (of something) an event, action or thing that is a sign that something exists or is happening; the act of appearing as a sign that something exists or is happening 형체/모양이 없는 것을 형상화 시킴 ex) Internet gambling is a modern manifestation of man's timeless attraction to playing cards.

Answer 137

to become more active, or to make someone or something become more active ex) What the Internet has done is (...it) revved up the excitement. The hotel is revving up for the busy summer season. drugs which rev up your nervous system

Answer 138

a place where something happens ex) Previously, people would have had to fly or drive to casinos, generally restricted to a few locales.

Answer 139

3) [countable, usually singular] the pull (of something) the fact of something attracting you or having a strong effect on you ex) They promised themselves they would get off, and they won't do it again. But there is such a pull. The magnetic pull of the city was hard to resist. He felt the pull of paternal love.

Answer 140

3) a level of thought, existence or development ex) But the Internet has taken this age-old game of chance to a new plane - allowing anyone to place bets, anytime, from anywhere.

Answer 141

[only before noun] causing problems for other people ex) Since most students already spend hours at a time sitting in front of a computer screen, problem gambling can be hard to identify. She was a problem child, always in trouble with the police.

Answer 142

[only before noun] showing that something exists or has happened ex) But the most tell-tale sign of a gambling problem may be a person's finances - whether he or she has had to sell valuables or find other ways to make up for their losses.

Answer 143

something like what has been said ex) And politics in this state is something of a contact sport. 'He's resigning.' 'I'd suspected something of the kind.'

Answer 144

a sport in which players have physical contact with each other ex) And politics in this state is something of a contact sport.

Answer 145

a clear example of the problem, situation, etc. that is being discussed ex) A case in point, the governor's race. The winner will make history here.

Answer 146

1) an officer of middle rank in the army, navy, or air force 2) (in compounds) an officer just below the rank mentioned 3) (in the US) a police officer of fairly high rank 4) a person who helps somebody who is above them in rank or who performs their duties when that person is unable to ex) She is the Republican nominee. Lieutenant Governor (부지사) Kerry Healey. Mrs. Kerry Healey.

Answer 147

1) despite | ex) For all the history being made, his race and her gender don't seem to matter in this election.

Answer 148

1) a book or set of notes, used especially in football, with descriptions and diagrams of the various plays (= actions or moves in a game) that a team can make 전략집, 공략집 2) (figurative) ex) It's a page out of a national right wing playbook that has worked in other places. And they're hoping it will work here.

Answer 149

old-fashioned or traditional * 1) a person who has been connected with a club or an organization, or who has lived in a place, for a long time 2) (North American English) an old man 2) I'm very upset by it. I'm old school. And I like to see, you know, respecting your opponent.

Answer 150

all the students in a high school or college ex) Nicole is running for student body president.

Answer 151

depriving yourself of sleep to do things that need to be done or you want to do, usually used for studying ex) I pulled an all-nighter working on my election speech.

Answer 152

The term originated from WWI, indicating a soldier missing both his arms and legs, who needed to be literally carried around in a litter or "basket." Today it indicates a state of helplessness similar to the metaphoric removal of the appendages, most frequently in the context of mental health or aptitude. 1) (idiomatic, slang, potentially offensive) One made powerless or ineffective, as by nerves, panic or stress. 2) (idiomatic) A country in a difficult economic or financial situation. ex) 'I pulled an all-nighter working on my election speech.' 'No wonder you look like a basket case!'

Answer 153

an occasion when a problem that has been worrying you stops or is dealt with ex) That must be a load off your mind! I'm so relieved that I don't have to make a speech - it's such a weight off my mind!

Answer 154

a practical method of doing or measuring something, usually based on past experience rather than on exact measurement ex) Just remember the old rule of thumb: Imagine your audience naked. As a rule of thumb, you should cook a chicken for 20 minutes for each pound of weight.

Answer 155

(informal) to succeed in solving a problem or achieving a particular result ex) Only practice will do the trick. I don't know what it was that did the trick, but I am definitely feeling much better.

Answer 156

(informal) to stop listening to or thinking about somebody/something * 1) to make somebody feel bored or not interested ex) You can't say that. You'll turn off your audience immediately.

Answer 157

a person who has a very high opinion of how important and clever they are or who is too proud ex) 'It sounds like I have a big head?' 'I'll say!'

Answer 158

(old-fashioned, informal) used for emphasis to say ‘yes’ ex) 'It sounds like I have a big head?' 'I'll say!' ‘Does she see him often?’ ‘I'll say! Nearly every day.’

Answer 159

any quantity, time, degree, etc, above a specified limit * approximately the number or amount mentioned ex) Treatment can last anywhere from several months to more than a year, depending on a person's response to therapy. He could be anywhere from 40 to 50 years old.

Answer 160

(informal) to get a lot of money, especially suddenly or unexpectedly ex) Now, you are just a click away from striking it rich. * (informal) to suddenly be in a successful situation, especially one that makes you rich ex) The band really hit pay dirt with their last album. ** to make or win a lot of money quickly and unexpectedly

Answer 161

of all types ex) During the 1990s and the early part of this decade, crime fell and stayed down - and politicians of all stripes claimed credit.

Answer 162

3) [transitive, intransitive] to increase or make something increase in number or size ex) Conservatives attributed the drop to tough sentencing policies that swelled the national prison population.

Answer 163

1) police something (of the police, army, etc.) to go around a particular area to make sure that nobody is breaking the law there 2) police something (of a committee, etc.) to make sure that a particular set of rules is obeyed synonym monitor ex) The Clinton administration cited its heavy investment in local law enforcement and community-oriented policing.

Answer 164

proof that something is true or that you were right, especially when other people had a different opinion ex) Governors and mayors around the country claimed vindication for their particular policies though local declines were, in almost all cased, no greater than those in adjacent jurisdictions that pursed different policies.

Answer 165

(of an area, a building, a room, etc.) next to or near something ex) Governors and mayors around the country claimed vindication for their particular policies though local declines were, in almost all cased, no greater than those in adjacent jurisdictions that pursed different policies. Our farm land was adjacent to the river. The planes landed on adjacent runways.

Answer 166

11) [intransitive] stand to do something to be in a situation where you are likely to do something ex) Now, according to new data from the FBI, crime is inching back up - and stands to make policymakers look bad. You stand to make a lot from this deal.

Answer 167

a small increase in the level or value of something opposite downtick ex) Though the uptick is not uniform - some crime is still falling - it seems substantial, alarming even.

Answer 168

an aggravated crime involves further unnecessary violence or unpleasant behaviour ex) Murder was up 1.4 percent, aggravated assault 1.2 percent. 가중폭행

Answer 169

6) (also crack cocaine) [uncountable] a powerful, illegal drug that is a form of cocaine ex) Just as the waning of the crack epidemic, economic good times and general demographic trends contributed to the drop in crime, so a number of factors are probably at work now: a bulge in age segments of the population more prone to crime, the rise of methamphetamine use, a pinched fiscal climate for state and local governments that provide social services for people likely to turn to crime. a crack addict

Answer 170

a powerful illegal drug ex) Just as the waning of the crack epidemic, economic good times and general demographic trends contributed to the drop in crime, so a number of factors are probably at work now: a bulge in age segments of the population more prone to crime, the rise of methamphetamine use, a pinched fiscal climate for state and local governments that provide social services for people likely to turn to crime.

Answer 171

not intended seriously; done or said as a joke not seriously; as a joke ex) a tongue-in-cheek remark a tongue-in-cheek fashion The magazine published a wonderful tongue-in-cheek review of his latest work.

Answer 172

1) [countable, uncountable] effect (on somebody/something) a change that somebody/something causes in somebody/something else; a result ex) Crime is a complex social effect, and it's important to understand in order to intervene effectively.

Answer 173

to take a long time to do something or go somewhere ex) But given the lag between policy changes and impact, it is also important not to dawdle.

Answer 174

[intransitive] jockey (with somebody) (for something) | jockey (with somebody) (to do something) to try all possible ways of gaining an advantage over other people ex) Paralysis will only lead to an environment in which politicians jockey to avoid blame.

Answer 175

if you say that something is a foregone conclusion, you mean that it is a result that is certain to happen ex) For most parents, choosing between diapering their babies in disposables or cloth diapers has become less of a dilemma and more of a foregone conclusion.

Answer 176

1) that appears to be something but is not really so 유사- 2) a quasi-scientific explanation 2) partly; almost 준- 반- ex) A new study released in England by a quasi-government environmental organization may dampen the debate even further. 준정부

Answer 177

2) dampen something to make something such as a feeling or a reaction less strong ex) A new study released in England by a quasi-government environmental organization may dampen the debate even further.

Answer 178

used with a title to show that a person, usually a university teacher, keeps the title as an honour, although he or she has stopped working ex) Research by Bill Rathje, a trash expert and professor emeritus at the University of Arizona, has shown that even a head of lettuce, let alone a plastic diaper, can persist for decades; in a landfill where there is often a lack of exposure to air and sun that would otherwise break materials down.

Answer 179

used after a statement to emphasize that because the first thing is not true or possible, the next thing cannot be true or possible either ex) Research by Bill Rathje, a trash expert and professor emeritus at the University of Arizona, has shown that even a head of lettuce, let alone a plastic diaper, can persist for decades; in a landfill where there is often a lack of exposure to air and sun that would otherwise break materials down. There isn't enough room for us, let alone any guests. I didn’t have any clothes, let alone a passport.

Answer 180

the reduction of something by a large amount so that there is not enough left ex) "The most significant environmental impacts for all three nappy systems were on resource depletion, acidification and global warming," the authors concluded.

Answer 181

2) a device that is fixed to the end of a gun in order to reduce the amount of noise that it makes when it is fired 소음기 ex) She was 48. A mother of two, shot in the head. Executed, really. There was a silencer on the pistol.

Answer 182

1) expressing disapproval of somebody/something and saying what you think is bad about them ex) Politkovskaya was sharply critical of Russian President Vladimir Putin. Tom's parents were highly critical of the school.

Answer 183

appearing to be something that may not be true synonym apparent ex) This was a very deliberate assassination of a journalist acting like a free journalist in a place where press freedom has been wiped out, which is a terrible, terrible indication of where Russia has gone since its seeming liberation in 1991.

Answer 184

2) [singular] grip (on somebody/something) control or power over somebody/something ex) It should indicate to people just how bad things are on one level in Russia, just how tight the grip is of what some people call the mafia and what other people call simply Russian power and Kremlin power.

Answer 185

1) strangle somebody to kill somebody by squeezing or pressing on their throat and neck 2) strangle something to prevent something from growing or developing ex) She was strangled even before she was assassinated.

Answer 186

3) [transitive] bear something (formal) to take responsibility for something ex) An earlier today, in my conversation with secretary of state Rice, I asked whether she thought the Russian government bears any responsibility for this murder and others.

Answer 187

[uncountable, countable] tribute (to somebody) an act, a statement or a gift that is intended to show your respect or admiration, especially for a dead person ex) And finally, tonight, we're gonna pay tribute to a pioneer in space.

Answer 188

(of a rocket or, less frequently, an aircraft) to leave the ground and rise into the air ex) And we pay that tribute just a few days before the space shuttle Discovery lifts off on a new mission. * the act of a spacecraft leaving the ground and rising into the air synonym blast-off ex) Ten minutes to lift-off.

Answer 189

6) (also outer space) [uncountable] the area outside the earth’s atmosphere where all the other planets and stars are ex) These days, getting into outer space is all about high-powered booster rockets.

Answer 190

1) a long boat with a flat bottom and high parts at each end, used on canals in Venice 2) the part on a cable car or ski lift where the passengers sit 3) (especially North American English) the part of a hot air balloon or airship where the passengers sit ex) And so, on August 16, 1960, Captain Kittenger took off in a gondola attached to a helium balloon which floated up into the New Mexico sky, passing through air 100 degrees below 0 till he was up 102,800 feet off the ground.

Answer 191

a chemical element. Helium is a very light gas that does not burn, often used to fill balloons and to freeze food. ex) And so, on August 16, 1960, Captain Kittenger took off in a gondola attached to a helium balloon which floated up into the New Mexico sky, passing through air 100 degrees below 0 till he was up 102,800 feet off the ground.

Answer 192

a small bag attached to a belt and worn around the waist, to keep money, etc. in ex) The camera on his fanny pack shows the curvature of the earth, the emptiness of space.

Answer 193

the state of being curved; the amount that something is curved ex) The camera on his fanny pack shows the curvature of the earth, the emptiness of space.

Answer 194

(informal chute) a device that is attached to people or objects to make them fall slowly and safely when they are dropped from an aircraft. It consists of a large piece of thin cloth that opens out in the air to form an umbrella shape. ex) The, at about 14,000 feet, my parachute opened.

Answer 195

to survive a difficult or dangerous experience so that you can tell others what really happened ex) And he landed on the desert floor, having proven that a human could go way up and come way down and live to tell the tale.

Answer 196

elated (at/by something) very happy and excited because of something good that has happened, or will happen ex) Yes, I was elated because we had accomplished what we set out to do.

Answer 197

(informal) to join in a discussion, an argument, an activity, etc. by saying something important, persuading somebody, or doing something to help ex) People of all stripes weighed in on the debate about immigration.

Answer 198

and certainly not ex) He lacks life's necessities much less luxury items. No explanation was offered, still less an apology. He’s too shy to ask a stranger the time, much less speak to a room full of people.

Answer 199

1) (formal) in an early stage of development ex) The plan, as yet, only exists in embryonic form. 2) (specialist) of an embryo ex) A small biotech company says it has found a way to produce human embryonic stem cells without destroying an embryo.

Answer 200

connected with the study of religion and beliefs ex) That the prospect does not satisfy many religious conservatives who have opposed stem cell research demonstrates once again why the government should avoid making decisions on theological grounds.

Answer 201

(in Britain) a government report that gives information about something and explains government plans before a new law is introduced 백서 ex) Nevertheless, religious conservatives have already denounced the technique, and the President's Council on Bioethics, in a white paper evaluating alternative ways to produce stem cells, declared this approach "ethically unacceptable." * (in Britain) a document containing government proposals on a particular subject, intended for general discussion 녹서

Answer 202

1) [transitive] sidestep something to avoid answering a question or dealing with a problem ex) The technique would seem to sidestep the council's main objection, that it is unethical to put the tiny embryo at risk for research unrelated to the welfare of the embryo.

Answer 203

intercept somebody/something to stop somebody/something that is going from one place to another from arriving ex) Now the company proposes to intercept these cells, allow them to divide in a laboratory dish, and then use one cell for the diagnostic test and the other to derive stem cells.

Answer 204

to come or develop from something ex) Now the company proposes to intercept these cells, allow them to divide in a laboratory dish, and then use one cell for the diagnostic test and the other to derive stem cells. The word ‘politics’ is derived from a Greek word meaning ‘city’.

Answer 205

2) [intransitive] intrude (on/into/upon something) to disturb something or have an unpleasant effect on it ex) It won't ease the council's concern that research objectives may intrude into the practice of reproductive medicine at a time when doctors are making critical decisions.

Answer 206

ex) connected with reproducing babies, young animals or plants ex) It won't ease the council's concern that research objectives may intrude into the practice of reproductive medicine at a time when doctors are making critical decisions. reproductive organs

Answer 207

a gate that can be opened or closed to control the flow of water on a river ex) (figurative) If the case is successful, it may open the floodgates to more damages claims against the industry (= start something that will be difficult to stop). And so the Advanced Cell Technology approach does not seem likely to open the floodgates for federal financing.

Answer 208

2) to make the meaning of something clearer by using examples, pictures, etc. 3) illustrate something | illustrate how, what, etc… | illustrate that… to show that something is true or that a situation exists synonym demonstrate ex) Mostly it illustrates the great lengths to which scientists must go these days to shape stem cell research to fit the dictates of religious conservatives who have imposed their own view of morality on the scientific enterprise.

Answer 209

an order or a rule that you must obey ex) Mostly it illustrates the great lengths to which scientists must go these days to shape stem cell research to fit the dictates of religious conservatives who have imposed their own view of morality on the scientific enterprise.

Answer 210

to put a lot of effort into doing something, especially when this seems extreme ex) Mostly it illustrates the great lengths to which scientists must go these days to shape stem cell research to fit the dictates of religious conservatives who have imposed their own view of morality on the scientific enterprise. She goes to extraordinary lengths to keep her private life private.

Answer 211

(informal) to learn how to do or to use something; to understand something ex) Slow at first, but we're getting the hang of it.

Answer 212

(informal) to show somebody/know/learn how a particular job should be done ex) Once you learn the ropes, it becomes second nature.

Answer 213

[uncountable] second nature (to somebody) (to do something) something that you do very easily and naturally, because it is part of your character or you have done it so many times ex) Once you learn the ropes, it becomes second nature.

Answer 214

(informal) a person or thing that is very annoying | ex) To tell you the truth, I thought that baking 2,000 cookies would be a pain the neck.

Answer 215

1) to find and gather together people, animals or things | ex) But we managed to round up some helpers, and it was a piece of cake.

Answer 216

(informal) used to tell somebody that you do not know any more about a subject than the person that you are talking to does ex) Maybe 500, maybe 2,000. Your guess is as good as mine.

Answer 217

(mainly US) (offensive) used to tell someone angrily that you do not want or need something that they are offering you or telling you to do ex) If she asks me to work over the weekend, I'll tell her to shove it up her ass!

Answer 218

A stem-cell line is a group of stem cells that is cultured in vitro and can be propagated indefinitely. Stem-cell lines are derived from either animal or human tissues and come from one of three sources: embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, or induced stem cells. 세포주 세포군 ex) The company claims it's found a way to make new stem cell lines without destroying embryos.

Answer 219

to use something that already exists as a support for your own work; to use a larger organization, etc. for your own advantage ex) They are proposing the piggyback on an already existing procedure to test for genetic defects in fertility clinics.

Answer 220

a person whose actions are influenced by belief in a set of principles (= by an ideology ) ex) No. Ideologues will say you're still interfering with the embryo. The legalists will say the rules are that you can't interfere with an embryo, and you're clearly doing that here. And the ethicists say how can parents give consent for something that really does not really benefit the embryo?

Answer 221

to offer a chance, hope or possibility of something ex) The news involves lab animals, just rats, so far, but its research that may hold out real hope for humans.

Answer 222

difficult to find, define or achieve * 2) elude somebody if something eludes you, you are not able to achieve it, or not able to remember or understand it ex) It has been a long-sought and elusive goal.

Answer 223

1) an area of activity, interest, or knowledge ex) I think that even two or three years ago, the possibility of this was really more in the realm of science fiction. in the realm of literature At the end of the speech he seemed to be moving into the realms of fantasy.

Answer 224

a nerve cell which sends signals to a muscle or gland ex) There have been other experiments with paralyzed animals, but this is the first in which stem cells actually created new healthy nerves known as motor neurons.

Answer 225

an infectious disease that affects the central nervous system and can cause temporary or permanent paralysis (= loss of control or feeling in part or most of the body) ex) This is important in spinal cord injury and diseases like ALS. Polio would be an example where the actual connection to the muscle was lost and now we have a possibility that that might be replaceable.

Answer 226

a long piece of tissue that connects a baby to its mother before it is born and is cut at the moment of birth 탯줄 ex) Usable stem cells could come from the adult body or from the umbilical cords of newborns.

Answer 227

1) confound somebody to confuse and surprise somebody synonym baffle ex) Now, to a bird flu outbreak that has health officials confounded and very concerned.

Answer 228

feeling extremely sad because of something that has happened, especially the death of somebody ex) By the time medical investigators began reaching the remote Indonesian village, nearly all the victims had been buried, and many of the villagers were too brief-stricken, too frightened to remember the full sequence of events, making the mystery that much difficult to solve.

Answer 229

a location that is considered to be dangerous due to biological, chemical, or nuclear contamination ex) This is what the hot zone teams have pieced together so far.

Answer 230

to make a special effort to achieve something, help somebody, etc. ex) He's a nice guy, always ready to go the extra mile for his friends.

Answer 231

1) (idiomatic) something whose sensitivity to adverse conditions makes it a useful early indicator of such conditions; something which warns of the coming of greater danger or trouble by a deterioration in its health or welfare ex) Arctic polar bears are becoming canaries in the mine, warning of the consequences of global warming.

Answer 232

in a way that is given or done unwillingly synonym reluctantly ex) Even the Bush administration has been forced, grudgingly, to acknowledge this.

Answer 233

to prevent somebody from having or doing something, especially something important ex) Last week, it proposed to put the bears on the threatened species list because rising temperatures in the Arctic are depriving them of the ice platforms from which they hunt seals.

Answer 234

1) a tall chimney that takes away smoke from factories * a traditional industry that makes things in factories using large machines ex) But Interior Secretary Dirk Kempthorne acted only under pressure of a suit from environmental organizations, and has refused to admit that greenhouse gas emissions from vehicles and smokestacks are causing the ice loss and would have to be cut back to save the bears' habitat.

Answer 235

3) a sphere of little or no participation or activity — usually used in plural ex) The administration still has a long way to go before it comes out of the denial that has left it on the sidelines as other nations take action to reduce greenhouse gases.

Answer 236

3) to eat another human, or another animal of the same type | ex) Bears have been seen cannibalizing one another and have drowned during ever-longer swims from ice floe to ice floe.

Answer 237

a large area of ice, floating in the sea ex) Bears have been seen cannibalizing one another and have drowned during ever-longer swims from ice floe to ice floe.

Answer 238

* with the help, support or protection of somebody/something ex) In the Bush administration's first year in office, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change under the auspices of the United Nations reported on the strong evidence that global warming in recent decades has been "attributable to human activities."

Answer 239

2) (among animals) the fact of eating other animals of the same type ex) With all this evidence, it should not take polar bear cannibalism for the president to stop pretending that an environmental disaster is not in the making.

Answer 240

in the process of becoming something or of being made ex) With all this evidence, it should not take polar bear cannibalism for the president to stop pretending that an environmental disaster is not in the making.

Answer 241

used for saying that it is very easy to make a mistake or to do something that will cause problems ex) When you think about the growth of human population over the last century or so, it is all too easy to imagine it merely as an increase in the number of humans.

Answer 242

a measure of the amount of carbon dioxide that is produced by the daily activities of a person or company ex) With pigs and poultry, they form a critical part of our enormous biological footprint upon this planet.

Answer 243

used to refer to an area of land when you are mentioning its natural features, for example, if it is rough, flat, etc. ex) And the drive to expand grazing land destroys more biologically sensitive terrain, rain forests especially, than anything else.

Answer 244

the act of cutting down or burning the trees in an area 산림 황폐화, 삼림 벌채 ex) Deforestation of grazing land adds to the effect. * the process of planting areas of land with trees in order to form a forest 조림 ** the act of planting new trees in an area where there used to be a forest 재식림, 재조림, 숲 다시 만들기

Answer 245

trade-off (between something and something) the act of balancing two things that are opposed to each other ex) There are no easy trade-offs when it comes to global warming, and the human passion for meat is certainly not about to end anytime soon. a trade-off between increased production and a reduction in quality There is a trade-off between the benefits of the drug and the risk of side effects.

Answer 246

to sell quickly or in great numbers ex) Bob, your wife's cookies are selling like hotcakes!

Answer 247

3) (of an idea, a product, etc.) to become successful or popular very quickly or suddenly ex) Don't blow it, Bob! Susan's Scrumtious Cookies could really take off.

Answer 248

to study or work until late at night ex) Bake all night if you have to. Burn the midnight oil! If you work hard now, you'll be sitting pretty in a few years.

Answer 249

(informal) to be in a good situation, especially when others are not ex) Bake all night if you have to. Burn the midnight oil! If you work hard now, you'll be sitting pretty in a few years. With profits at record levels, the company’s certainly sitting pretty this year.

Answer 250

2) unpleasant and depressing ex) A grim prediction today from top scientists, who study global warming. Despite the grim forecast, the number of deaths was slightly down on last year.

Answer 251

to become gradually stronger or more successful ex) They say global warming has gathered so much momentum there is no way to stop Earth's average temperature from rising another two degrees by the year 2050. Opposition to the new law is gathering momentum.

Answer 252

an expert in the scientific study of climate ex) The warning came from one of the government's top climatologists and from the National Academy of Sciences.

Answer 253

a period of unusually hot weather * a period when the weather is colder than usual ex) Those two degrees, the scientists are talking about, may not sound like much, but what that change means is that by mid-century, the world will look like this, even more record heat waves and wildfires, a rise of up to a foot or more in the world's sea level.

Answer 254

Snowpack forms from layers of snow that accumulate in geographic regions and high altitudes where the climate includes cold weather for extended periods during the year. Snowpacks are an important water resource that feed streams and rivers as they melt. Therefore, snowpacks are both the drinking water source for many communities and a potential source of flooding (in case of sudden melting). Snowpacks also contribute mass to glaciers in their accumulation zone. ex) Worsening droughts, as more mountain glaciers and snow pack vanish, no longer sending water to the valleys below.

Answer 255

1) the process by which the surface of something is gradually destroyed through the action of wind, rain, etc. ex) Take a walk on the Carolina coast or Florida Keys in 40 or 50 years, say scientists, you'll see much more coastal erosion like what's already happening to coastal villages in the Arctic, where temperatures are rising even faster than on the rest of the planet.

Answer 256

1) to stop rising or falling and remain horizontal 2) to stay at a steady level of development or progress after a period of sharp rises or falls ex) Start reducing carbon dioxide emissions now, temperatures later will level off.

Answer 257

used to say that if a particular event happens then your current forecast, agreement, etc. will no longer apply ex) If we go to three to five degrees Fahrenheit warmer, all bets are off.

Answer 258

to make a special effort to do something ex) Today's study goes out of its way to attack the best-selling author Michale Crichton, who wrote a very popular book that downplays the danger of global warming and, who, last year, was welcomed at the White House.

Answer 259

downplay something to make people think that something is less important than it really is synonym play down ex) Today's study goes out of its way to attack the best-selling author Michale Crichton, who wrote a very popular book that downplays the danger of global warming and, who, last year, was welcomed at the White House.

Answer 260

1) (of a situation) not encouraging or giving any reason to have hope ex) And those are the scientists whose forecasts for the future are so bleak.

Answer 261

2) [countable] an idea or remark that is intended to make someone feel calmer or more comfortable, but that is not original and has no effect ex) The facts what to do with leftovers? One common bromide is that leftovers stored in the refrigerator must be allowed to cool first at room temperature.

Answer 262

rationale (behind/for/of something) (formal) the principles or reasons which explain a particular decision, course of action, belief, etc. synonym reason ex) Whatever the rationale, the claim is wrong.

Answer 263

to become, and continue to be, successful, strong, healthy, etc. synonym flourish ex) Generally, the bacteria that contaminate food thrive at temperatures between 40 and 140 degrees Fahrenheit, so leftovers should always be stored in a refrigerator set at 40 degrees or below.

Answer 264

to destroy somebody’s hopes by making what they were hoping for impossible ex) Dashing hopes of a pick-up in the economy, the dawn of a new year has been greeted by a surge in prices as always. Hopes of a peaceful settlement have been dashed.

Answer 265

3) [countable] pickup (in something) an improvement | ex) Dashing hopes of a pick-up in the economy, the dawn of a new year has been greeted by a surge in prices as always.

Answer 266

3) upwards of something more than the amount or number mentioned ex) Electricity bills saw a 1.9% jump, city gas prices upwards of 3% from late last year. You should expect to pay upwards of £50 for a hotel room.

Answer 267

to be relevant/not relevant to something, or to have /an influence/no influence on it ex) Higher utility bills have a direct bearing on inflation. His private life has no bearing on his competence as a manager.

Answer 268

clothes or pieces of cloth that are badly torn 2) ruined or badly damaged synonym in shreds ex) With households economy left in tatters, a recovery in the national economy is no sure bet.

Answer 269

used (often before a comparative or superlative adjective) when you are stating an opinion that you believe you could give reasons to support ex) Although the economy actually felt by the people has arguably been getting better since the second half of last year, it's a bit too early for the upturn to be felt across the nation.

Answer 270

[usually singular] upturn (in something) a situation in which something improves or increases over a period of time synonym upswing ex) Although the economy actually felt by the people has arguably been getting better since the second half of last year, it's a bit too early for the upturn to be felt across the nation.

Answer 271

1) to bring a business, an activity, etc. to an end gradually over a period of time ex) In the Atlantic Ocean, with the hurricane season winding down, this has been an unusually quiet year.

Answer 272

1) [usually before noun] (formal) very serious 2) (British English, informal) very bad ex) Last spring, as you may recall, the government issued a dire forecast of a very active hurricane season, with eight to 10 major storms.

Answer 273

2) [intransitive] to push, fight or compete with others in order to get or to reach something ex) Just last spring, businesses were scrambling to profit from hurricane anxiety and the ominous forecasts.

Answer 274

1) [intransitive] (usually used in negative sentences) to take place or start to exist as expected or planned ex) But that busy hurricane season never materialized. Forecasters admit theirs is an inexact science.

Answer 275

not accurate or exact ex) But that busy hurricane season never materialized. Forecasters admit theirs is an inexact science.

Answer 276

involving risks and uncertainty synonym risky ex) Weather forecasting is a chancy business. It's gotten a lot better. Working for yourself can be a chancy business.

Answer 277

The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), also sometimes shortened to CoE is a U.S. federal agency under the Department of Defense and a major Army command made up of some 37,000 civilian and military personnel,[1] making it one of the world's largest public engineering, design, and construction management agencies. Although generally associated with dams, canals and flood protection in the United States, USACE is involved in a wide range of public works throughout the world. The Corps of Engineers provides outdoor recreation opportunities to the public, and provides 24% of U.S. hydropower capacity. ex) The quiet season is very good news for New Orleans, where the Army Corps of Engineering has another year to rebuild levees Hurricane Katrina overran.

Answer 278

1) a low wall built at the side of a river to prevent it from flooding ex) The quiet season is very good news for New Orleans, where the Army Corps of Engineering has another year to rebuild levees Hurricane Katrina overran.

Answer 279

a network of electrical transmission lines connecting a multiplicity of generating stations to loads over a wide area ex) A year ago today, in Florida, six million people lost electricity, exposing major weaknesses in the state's power grid.

Answer 280

1) (of animals) active at night ex) These animals are strictly nocturnal. These insects are largely nocturnal. * 1) (biology) (of animals) active during the day ex) Unlike most other bats, this species is diurnal.

Answer 281

(informal) used to tell somebody to become less serious or worried about something ex) 'Bake cookies the night before the elections? Nothing doing!' 'Lighten up, big shot. You're running for high school president, not president of the United States.' Come on, John. Lighten up!

Answer 282

an important person ex) 'Bake cookies the night before the elections? Nothing doing!' 'Lighten up, big shot. You're running for high school president, not president of the United States.'

Answer 283

(informal) used to refuse a request ex) Bake cookies the night before the elections? Nothing doing! 'Cant you lend me ten dollars?' 'Nothing doing!'

Answer 284

1) (British English also fool about) to waste time instead of doing something that you should be doing synonym mess around ex) Okay, kids, let's stop fooling around. We need to get the show on the road.

Answer 285

(informal) to start an activity or a journey ex) Okay, kids, let's stop fooling around. We need to get the show on the road. Let's get this show on the road!

Answer 286

A home equity loan is a type of loan in which the borrower uses the equity of his or her home as collateral. Home equity loans are often used to finance major expenses such as home repairs, medical bills, or college education. A home equity loan creates a lien against the borrower's house and reduces actual home equity. ex) If you take a look at what's happened, for example to variable rate credit cards, they're up about 40% to 15%. Home equity loans, also up sharply from about 4% to 8%. On the other hand, take a look at what's happened for savers. Six-month CDs up 230%. Now, yielding about 3.5%. Savings accounts, up 29%.

Answer 287

A certificate of deposit (CD) is a savings certificate entitling the bearer to receive interest. A CD bears a maturity date, a specified fixed interest rate and can be issued in any denomination. CDs are generally issued by commercial banks and are insured by the FDIC. The term of a CD generally ranges from one month to five years. ex) If you take a look at what's happened, for example to variable rate credit cards, they're up about 40% to 15%. Home equity loans, also up sharply from about 4% to 8%. On the other hand, take a look at what's happened for savers. Six-month CDs up 230%. Now, yielding about 3.5%. Savings accounts, up 29%.

Answer 288

2) [intransitive, transitive] to have difficulty speaking clearly or finding the right words to say ex) But it fumbled the transition to smaller machines in the personal-computer era, and the throne was usurped by Microsoft.

Answer 289

usurp somebody/something (formal) to take somebody’s position and/or power without having the right to do this ex) ex) But it fumbled the transition to smaller machines in the personal-computer era, and the throne was usurped by Microsoft.

Answer 290

a person who has just started in a new position or job but who behaves as if they are more important than other people, in a way that is annoying ex) As the upstart has matured into a powerful industry giant, the suggestion that "Google is the new Microsoft" has become commonplace in computing circles.

Answer 291

2) a remark, etc. that is not new or interesting ex) As the upstart has matured into a powerful industry giant, the suggestion that "Google is the new Microsoft" has become commonplace in computing circles.

Answer 292

the time when somebody/something had most power or success, or was most popular synonym prime ex) As with Microsoft in its heyday, Google is the technology firm where the smartest geeks aspire to work; it embodies the technological zeitgeist; and it is a highly regarded company that has become a household name.

Answer 293

the general mood or quality of a particular period of history, as shown by the ideas, beliefs, etc. common at the time ex) As with Microsoft in its heyday, Google is the technology firm where the smartest geeks aspire to work; it embodies the technological zeitgeist; and it is a highly regarded company that has become a household name.

Answer 294

3) with admiration or praise ex) As with Microsoft in its heyday, Google is the technology firm where the smartest geeks aspire to work; it embodies the technological zeitgeist; and it is a highly regarded company that has become a household name. His teachers think very highly of him (= have a very good opinion of him). She speaks highly of you. Her novels are very highly regarded.

Answer 295

a name that has become very well known ex) As with Microsoft in its heyday, Google is the technology firm where the smartest geeks aspire to work; it embodies the technological zeitgeist; and it is a highly regarded company that has become a household name.

Answer 296

1) [uncountable] blame or criticism for something you have done ex) But the comparison is also a reproach, because it highlights growing concern that Google is now too powerful for its own good, or that of the industry, or indeed that of the world at large.

Answer 297

1) (used after a noun) as a whole; in general ex) But the comparison is also a reproach, because it highlights growing concern that Google is now too powerful for its own good, or that of the industry, or indeed that of the world at large.

Answer 298

[usually singular] counterbalance (to something) a thing that has an equal but opposite effect to something else and can be used to limit the bad effects of something ex) Microsoft and other big Internet firms, including eBay, Amazon and Yahoo!, are now said to be negotiating various alliances in order to provide a counterweight to the new behemoth.

Answer 299

something that is very big and powerful, especially a company or organization ex) Microsoft and other big Internet firms, including eBay, Amazon and Yahoo!, are now said to be negotiating various alliances in order to provide a counterweight to the new behemoth.

Answer 300

people or things that are considered unimportant compared to somebody/something else ex) As soon as Google says it is moving into a particular market, small fry in that market now dart for cover, unless they are lucky enough to be acquired by Google.

Answer 301

1) [intransitive] + adv./prep. to move suddenly and quickly in a particular direction ex) As soon as Google says it is moving into a particular market, small fry in that market now dart for cover, unless they are lucky enough to be acquired by Google.

Answer 302

2) [uncountable] a place that provides shelter from bad weather or protection from an attack ex) As soon as Google says it is moving into a particular market, small fry in that market now dart for cover, unless they are lucky enough to be acquired by Google.

Answer 303

in a way that is too bad or too serious to repair or put right ex) Google irreparably damaged its reputation with the more idealistic geeks in January when it set up a censored version of its search service for Chinese users.

Answer 304

to finally do what somebody wants after you have been strongly opposing them ex) Caving in to the Chinese government, argued Google's critics, made a mockery of its corporate motto, "don't be evil."

Answer 305

to make something seem ridiculous or useless ex) Caving in to the Chinese government, argued Google's critics, made a mockery of its corporate motto, "don't be evil."

Answer 306

augment something (formal) to increase the amount, value, size, etc. of something ex) Having started out as nothing more than a search engine, Google's ever-greater ambitions - augmented by a range of new initiatives unveiled at its annual media day this week - now make it seem both creepy and incoherently sprawling.

Answer 307

1) in a way that is not clear or easy to understand, often because of emotion (서로 연관성이 없어서) synonym unintelligibly ex) Having started out as nothing more than a search engine, Google's ever-greater ambitions - augmented by a range of new initiatives unveiled at its annual media day this week - now make it seem both creepy and incoherently sprawling.

Answer 308

spreading in an untidy way ex) Having started out as nothing more than a search engine, Google's ever-greater ambitions - augmented by a range of new initiatives unveiled at its annual media day this week - now make it seem both creepy and incoherently sprawling.

Answer 309

something befalls somebody (used only in the third person) (literary) (of something unpleasant) to happen to somebody ex) Having started out as nothing more than a search engine, Google's ever-greater ambitions - augmented by a range of new initiatives unveiled at its annual media day this week - now make it seem both creepy and incoherently sprawling. A similar fate befell Microsoft.

Answer 310

1) [intransitive] to stop developing or making progress | ex) Microsoft, in contrast, has stagnated as a result of its size and dominance.

Answer 311

9) [singular] a lock (on something) (North American English) total control of something ex) More important, however, are the differences that suggest that Google will not be able to establish an IBM- or Microsoft-style lock on the industry. One company had a virtual lock on all orange juice sales in the state.

Answer 312

1) (abbreviation: Pty.) (of goods) made and sold by a particular company and protected by a registered trademark 등록 [전매] 상표가 붙은 ex) a proprietary medicine proprietary brands a proprietary name 2) (of goods) made and sold by a particular company and protected by a registered trademark ex) IBM's dominance was based on its ownership of the proprietary hardware and software of its mainframe computers.

Answer 313

1) [uncountable, countable] (literary) the act of arriving on land after a long journey by sea or by air, or the land that you first see or arrive at ex) After three weeks they made landfall on the coast of Ireland. Hurricane Katrina roared across the Gulf of Mexico before making landfall. San Salvador is thought to be the original landfall of Christopher Columbus.

Answer 314

1) to send part of your work to be done by people outside a company 2) INFORMAL to send someone to be looked after by someone else ex) Large firms such as Yahoo!, which previously farmed searches out to Google, have switched to other technologies.

Answer 315

2) [countable] an official in a political party who is responsible for making sure that party members attend and vote in important government debates ex) Today, Senate Minority Leader (=whip) Harry Reid also speculated on the power of one. the chief whip

Answer 316

1) To fail; go belly up ex) But if HBJ hit the skids, could the building ensure the integrity of retirees' pensions? 2) To show a precipitous decline; fall disastrously ex) Home sales are down and sales of large cars have hit the skids. Eventually they had hit the skids. 본문: Yeah. And about to hit the skids of the campaign...

Answer 317

a situation in which people try to blame each other for something bad that has happened ex) Well, there's a bit of a blame game going on here, Terry, over who is responsible for the condition of those pipelines.

Answer 318

disabuse somebody (of something) (formal) to tell somebody that what they think is true is, in fact, not true ex) Americans who still harbor the notion that the U.S. economy is "good" should prepare to be disabused.

Answer 319

4) [countable] a period of time when the level of something is low, especially a time when a business or the economy is not growing cf. dip * double dip recession ex) Bur the share of the population now in poverty - 12.6 percent - is still higher than at the trough of the last recession, when it was 11.7 percent.

Answer 320

[often passive] adulterate something (with something) to make food or drink less pure by adding another substance to it synonym contaminate ex) Hearings before a House oversight subcommittee raised serious questions about the F.D.A.'s ability to protect the public against contaminated or adulterated foods.

Answer 321

1) (of goods, work, etc.) made or done badly and with not enough care synonym second-rate ex) And they are allowed to take possession of suspect goods and arrange testing by private laboratories whose work is often shoddy or driven by financial concerns. 2) dishonest or unfair ex) shoddy treatment

Answer 322

[transitive, intransitive] corrode (something) to destroy something slowly, especially by chemical action; to be destroyed in this way ex) Corroded and leaky lines have now shut down the biggest US oil field.

Answer 323

A buyback is the repurchase of outstanding shares (repurchase) by a company in order to reduce the number of shares on the market. Companies will buy back shares either to increase the value of shares still available (reducing supply), or to eliminate any threats by shareholders who may be looking for a controlling stake. ex) In the last five years of the $63 billion BP earned in profits, $51 billion went to enrich shareholders through stock buybacks and dividend payouts.

Answer 324

a large amount of money that is given to somebody ex) In the last five years of the $63 billion BP earned in profits, $51 billion went to enrich shareholders through stock buybacks and dividend payouts. an insurance payout a lottery payout

Answer 325

to not spend enough time or money on something, or not use enough of something ex) It's coming at a time when they may be skimping on investing in preventative maintenance.

Answer 326

intended to try to stop something that causes problems or difficulties from happening ex) It's coming at a time when they may be skimping on investing in preventative maintenance. preventive medicine The police were able to take preventive action and avoid a possible riot.

Answer 327

Corporate citizenship is the extent to which businesses are socially responsible for meeting legal, ethical and economic responsibilities placed on them by shareholders. The aim is for businesses to create higher standards of living and quality of life in the communities in which they operate, while still preserving profitability for stakeholders. ex) BP's track record on safety and environmental issues are all the more ironic, given the company's push to market itself as a green company and a good corporate citizen.

Answer 328

2) [countable, usually singular, uncountable] a time when somebody’s actions will be judged to be right or wrong and they may be punished ex) So, it'd be a reckoning for the company likely and for consumers. In the final reckoning truth is rewarded. Officials concerned with environmental policy predict that a day of reckoning will come. Then the time of reckoning came—was it all going to work?

Answer 329

the total amount of time that you spend at work during the week ex) People who work a 40-hour workweek ought to earn a minimum wage that's worth living on.

Answer 330

an unintended effect, result or meaning is one that you did not plan or intend to happen ex) The unintended consequences of this action today will hurt the very people it's supposed to help. In law you are considered responsible for the unintended consequences of your actions. The animosity which his remarks provoked was entirely unintended. an unintended insult

Answer 331

the situation as it is now, or as it was before a recent change ex) For the nearly two million Americans who worked for the minimum wage, the 10-year status quo has been painful.

Answer 332

2) harbour something to keep feelings or thoughts, especially negative ones, in your mind for a long time ex) Americans who still harbor the notion that the U.S. economy is "good" should prepare to be disabused.

Answer 333

(of prices, a bad situation, etc.) to stop getting worse ex) In all, median income for the full-time working women under-65 group was $2,000 lower in 2005 than in 2001, when the last recession bottomed out. * to reach the worst possible state or condition ex) Her career really touched bottom with that movie.

Answer 334

1) [usually plural] (formal) a problem or harmful thing; an illness ex) The Census findings are yet another indication that growth alone is not the answer to the economic and social ills of poverty, income inequality and lack of insurance. social/economic ills the ills of the modern world

Answer 335

6) yet another/more | yet again used to emphasize an increase in number or amount or the number of times something happens ex) The Census findings are yet another indication that growth alone is not the answer to the economic and social ills of poverty, income inequality and lack of insurance.

Answer 336

A progressive tax is a tax that takes a larger percentage from the income of high-income earners than it does from low-income individuals. The United States income tax is considered progressive: in 2010, individuals who earned up to $8,375 fell into the 10% tax bracket, while individuals earning $373,650 or more fell into the 35% tax bracket. Basically, taxpayers are broken down into categories based on taxable income; the more one earns, the more taxes they will have to pay once they cross the benchmark cut-off points between the different tax bracket levels. ex) What have been missing are government policies that help to ensure that the benefits of growth are broadly shared - like strong support for public education, a progressive income tax, affordable health care, a higher minimum wage and other labor protections.

Answer 337

to strongly support an idea ex) President George W. Bush is unlikely to push for those changes, wed as he is to (=as he is wedded to) tax cuts that mainly benefit the wealthy. We shouldn't be too strongly wedded to one particular solution.

Answer 338

1) (also the Cabinet) [countable + singular or plural verb] a group of chosen members of a government, which is responsible for advising and deciding on government policy ex) President Bush took a potentially useful step last week, appointing a cabinet-level committee to find ways to ensure the safety of imported food and other products. a cabinet meeting (British English) a cabinet minister (British English) the shadow Cabinet (= the most important members of the opposition party)

Answer 339

2) [uncountable] (formal) the state of being in charge of somebody/something ex) Hearings before a House oversight subcommittee raised serious questions about the F.D.A.'s ability to protect the public against contaminated or adulterated foods. The committee has oversight of finance and general policy.

Answer 340

a smaller committee formed from a main committee in order to study a particular subject in more detail 분과위원회 ex) Hearings before a House oversight subcommittee raised serious questions about the F.D.A.'s ability to protect the public against contaminated or adulterated foods. the House of Representatives subcommittee on taxation

Answer 341

having many small holes that allow water or air to pass through slowly ex) As if that weren't discouraging enough, the committee's chief investigator described how porous the current safety shield is.

Answer 342

3) [transitive] game something to use something in a way that is unfair but legal, in order to get what you want ex) Importers also learn to game the system by sending goods to lax entry points or mislabeling them.

Answer 343

(disapproving) to show that you are angry by shouting or complaining loudly for a long time ex) Bob, a lady came into the Village Market today ranting and raving.

Answer 344

[usually passive] to shock or surprise somebody very much ex) Aha. I can see how she'd be taken aback.

Answer 345

to try to stop people from finding out about something wrong, illegal, embarrassing, etc. that has happened or that you have done ex) Couldn't we just sweep this under the rug?

Answer 346

(informal) to understand or know about somebody/something, especially so that you can deal with it or them later ex) But I was just getting a handle on the cookie business. Now what will I do? I don't have any other way of making a living!

Answer 347

used to say that you feel a lot of sympathy for somebody ex) My heart goes out to you, Bob, but you need to get your act together. I want to sell chocolate chip cookies, not hair cookies!

Answer 348

(informal) to organize yourself and your activities in a more effective way in order to achieve something ex) My heart goes out to you, Bob, but you need to get your act together. I want to sell chocolate chip cookies, not hair cookies!

Answer 349

1) to work very hard; do one's utmost | ex) I guess I just knocked myself out for the past week for nothing.

Answer 350

very exciting; thrilling ex) An electrifying car The dancers gave an electrifying performance. The view of the mountains was electrifying.

Answer 351

a car with no roof and two seats ex) That's why the introduction of a sleek, high-performance roadster that happens to be electric rather than gasoline-fueled is worth noting.

Answer 352

a vehicle, an aircraft or a piece of furniture with seats for two people ex) Tesla Motors, a Silicon Valley start-up, has developed a two-seater that goes from zero to 60 miles an hour in four seconds, leaving the days of electric cars as glorified golf carts in the dust.

Answer 353

(North American English) to leave somebody far behind ex) Tesla Motors, a Silicon Valley start-up, has developed a two-seater that goes from zero to 60 miles an hour in four seconds, leaving the days of electric cars as glorified golf carts in the dust.

Answer 354

making somebody/something seem more important or better than they are ex) Tesla Motors, a Silicon Valley start-up, has developed a two-seater that goes from zero to 60 miles an hour in four seconds, leaving the days of electric cars as glorified golf carts in the dust. The restaurant was no more than a glorified fast-food cafe.

Answer 355

stumbling block (to something) | stumbling block (to doing something) something that causes problems and prevents you from achieving your aim synonym obstacle ex) Rather than a stumbling block in this case, it's actually a selling point.

Answer 356

every decision has consequences; a person's actions will come back to him ex) The reason is that Japan is merely reaping the whirlwind it and other nations have sowed.

Answer 357

one of the small structures on the tongue that allow you to recognize the flavours of food and drink ex) The real issue here is not the deprivation of Japanese taste buds but the decline of the tuna.

Answer 358

1) the movement of an object or a person falling through the air without engine power or a parachute ex) a free fall display 2) a sudden drop in the value of something that cannot be stopped ex) Along with sharks and other ocean-dwelling species, tuna have been in free fall for decades, in part from rapacious overfishing by big industrial fleets, of which Japan's is by far the most aggressive. Share prices have gone into free fall.

Answer 359

wanting more money or goods than you need or have a right to synonym grasping ex) Along with sharks and other ocean-dwelling species, tuna have been in free fall for decades, in part from rapacious overfishing by big industrial fleets, of which Japan's is by far the most aggressive.

Answer 360

2) [countable] a group of ships fishing together ex) Along with sharks and other ocean-dwelling species, tuna have been in free fall for decades, in part from rapacious overfishing by big industrial fleets, of which Japan's is by far the most aggressive.

Answer 361

2) [countable] the total amount of things that are caught ex) With that in mind, an international commission representing dozens of fishing nations agreed last year to a 20 percent reduction in annual tuna catches in the eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean.

Answer 362

very valuable to somebody ex) Ellen Pikitch, director of the Pew Institute for Ocean Science, and other experts believe that the new limits may not be tough enough to prevent commercial extinction of the much-prized Atlantic bluefin tuna.

Answer 363

to increase, or make something increase, repeatedly and by small amounts ex) Recent record-breaking heat waves in North America had officials urging businesses and homeowners to turn down the lights and ratchet up the thermostat.

Answer 364

1) [uncountable, countable, usually singular] the distance that a vehicle has travelled, measured in miles ex) My annual mileage is about 10 000. I get a mileage allowance if I use my car for work (= an amount of money paid for each mile I travel). 2) [uncountable, countable] the number of miles that a vehicle can travel using a particular amount of fuel ex) Public attention tends to focus largely on automobile companies and mileage, but houses and skyscrapers consume more energy than cars. If you drive carefully you can get better mileage from your car.

Answer 365

1) an amount of money that is paid back to you because you have paid too much ex) But even in states that fail to offer rebates and tax benefits, businesses have strong motives of their own to get on board simply for the sake of competitiveness. a tax rebate

Answer 366

2) (disapproving) a person or thing that is old-fashioned and cannot change in the changing conditions of modern life ex) Companies can choose to be energy-wasting dinosaurs, but in an age of escalating prices, they'll go extinct.

Answer 367

feeling or showing horror or disgust at something unpleasant or wrong synonym horrified ex) It's no surprise that the pharmaceutical industry is appalled at proposals to set up a national registry of its gifts and payments to doctors.

Answer 368

1) to keep giving somebody large amounts of something, especially food and/or drink ex) The drug companies ply doctors with a wide range of gifts, everything from free lunches for busy doctors and their staffs while sales representatives extol the virtues of their latest drugs to subsidized trips to vacation spots for conferences billed as educational events. She plied us with tea and cake. 2) to keep asking somebody questions ex) He plied me with questions from the moment he arrived.

Answer 369

to praise somebody/something very much ex) The drug companies ply doctors with a wide range of gifts, everything from free lunches for busy doctors and their staffs while sales representatives extol the virtues of their latest drugs to subsidized trips to vacation spots for conferences billed as educational events. Doctors often extol the virtues of eating less fat. She was extolled as a genius.

Answer 370

2) [usually passive] bill somebody/something as something to advertise or describe somebody/something in a particular way ex) The drug companies ply doctors with a wide range of gifts, everything from free lunches for busy doctors and their staffs while sales representatives extol the virtues of their latest drugs to subsidized trips to vacation spots for conferences billed as educational events. He was billed as the new Tom Cruise.

Answer 371

[countable, uncountable] inducement (to/for somebody) (to do something) something that is given to somebody to persuade them to do something synonym incentive ex) These payments, which can mount into the hundreds of thousands of dollars over a period of years, look suspiciously like inducements to promote or prescribe the companies' drugs.

Answer 372

to give a lot of something, often too much, to somebody/something ex) Although medical societies and the industry's trade association have adopted voluntary guidelines that are supposed to limit payments and gifts to modest proportions, they typically still allow doctors to be paid as consultants or speakers, leaving plenty of room to lavish favors upon them.

Answer 373

something that you offer to somebody in order to persuade them to go somewhere or to do something; the act of offering an enticement ex) The enticement was free airfare, a rental car and hotel room, plus a $2,700 stipend.

Answer 374

an amount of money that is paid regularly to somebody, especially a priest, as wages or money to live on ex) The enticement was free airfare, a rental car and hotel room, plus a $2,700 stipend.