To Prep 1 - Words Flashcards

Question

assisted suicide

Answer 1

The term is often used interchangeably with physician-assisted suicide (PAS), which involves a doctor "knowingly and intentionally providing a person with the knowledge or means or both required to commit suicide, including counselling about lethal doses of drugs, prescribing such lethal doses or supplying the drugs." ex) Oregon's law permitting doctor-assisted suicide is the only one of its kind in any American state.

Answer 2

(of a law, rule, etc.) to start being used ex) Since the "Death with Dignity Act" came into force seven years ago, close to 200 terminally ill patients are known to have chosen to end their lives with a cocktail of drugs.

Answer 3

2) [transitive] overturn something to officially decide that a legal decision, etc. is not correct, and to make it no longer valid ex) Conservatives, many of whom regard the issue with as much passion as they do abortion, have long sought to overturn the law.

Answer 4

2) uphold something (especially of a court of law) to agree that a previous decision was correct or that a request is reasonable ex) In 1997, the Supreme Court upheld a ban on assisted suicide in the state of Washington, but left decisions on the issue to the individual states.

Answer 5

1) connected with the cervix ex) It is the deadliest form of cancer for women, responsible for more deaths than breast cancer, cervical cancer, and ovarian cancer combined.

Answer 6

a sudden short period of angry, unreasonable behaviour, especially in a child ex) Parenthood involves sacrificing sleep, enduring tantrums and changing plans when your child gets sick.

Answer 7

3) (old-fashioned) [countable] a sudden attack of an illness, especially one that affects the brain ex) Drugs used to treat acne or seizures can harm a developing fetus.

Answer 8

a container for people to put rubbish/garbage in, in the street or in a public building ex) To avoid toxoplasmosis (a parasitic infection that passes from hand to mouth), have someone else empty the cat-litter box, wear gloves when you garden and wash your hands after handling raw meat.

Answer 9

for a period of time with no fixed limit ex) Tonight, some doctors are predicting that many Americans will be using weight loss drugs indefinitely.

Answer 10

a strong and noticeable change in a situation ex) I actually do think it's a sea change. I think that technology has allowed us to get a look at the molecular portrait of these cancers and get a sense of how they're biologically distinct.

Answer 11

2) a detailed description of somebody/something synonym depiction ex) I actually do think it's a sea change. I think that technology has allowed us to get a look at the molecular portrait of these cancers and get a sense of how they're biologically distinct.

Answer 12

(informal) pay, earn, charge, etc. a lot of money | ex) That's true. They do charge top dollar.

Answer 13

(informal) to make somebody feel nervous and slightly frightened, especially because somebody/something is unpleasant or strange ex) And their salespeople are very strange. They really give me the creeps!

Answer 14

(informal) to fail completely | ex) Well, they must be doing something right over there. Meanwhile, we're about to go belly-up.

Answer 15

to prevent failure or defeat, when this seems certain to happen ex) I thought my new advertising campaign would save the day.

Answer 16

to start thinking about a new way of doing something after a previous plan or idea has failed ex) Well, then I'll go back to the drawing board. They rejected our proposal, so it's back to the drawing board.

Answer 17

1) to dismiss someone from employment | ex) What? You're giving me the ax?

Answer 18

very intelligent; extremely clever or astute ex) Yes. I've already found a new manager. She's as sharp as a tack.

Answer 19

a person who helps somebody a lot and who they rely on, especially in an important job ex) But Bob, you were Peter's right-hand man!

Answer 20

(informal) used to tell somebody to try to stay cheerful even though they are in a difficult or unpleasant situation ex) Keep your chin up. Maybe he'll change his mind and take you back.

Answer 21

(ironic, saying) used to show that you do not believe something will ever happen ex) A: Maybe he'll change his mind and take you back. B: When pigs fly! Once he makes up his mind, he never changes it.

Answer 22

(informal) (usually used in negative sentences) to see somebody/something ex) Look on the bright side: you won't have to set eyes on Peter ever again.

Answer 23

unemployed ex) Hang in there. I'm sure you won't be out of work for long.

Answer 24

to spend all the money you earn on basic needs such as food without being able to save any money ex) In the meantime, we'll have to live from hand to mouth.

Answer 25

to earn just enough money to be able to buy the things you need ex) Don't get too stressed out, Bob. We'll make ends meet.

Answer 26

if the situation becomes too difficult or dangerous ex) If worse comes to worst, we can sell our home and move into a tent.

Answer 27

(saying) to be much more difficult to do than to talk about ex) A: Let's think big! Maybe you can start your own business. B: Easier said than done.

Answer 28

a serious mental disorder caused by brain disease or injury, that affects the ability to think, remember and behave normally ex) One out of every ten Americans over the age of 65 has some form of dementia, including Alzheimer's.

Answer 29

2) [countable] battery (of something) a large number of things or people of the same type ex) In this study, volunteers were subjected to a battery of memory tests, and questioned about their weekly exercise habits.

Answer 30

1) [countable] a malignant mass of tissue in the body synonym tumour ex) People have long suspected that diet plays a role in malignancies, but they lacked definitive proof that changing one's diet could reduce the risk of cancer.

Answer 31

1) (of a law, rule, regulation, etc.) very strict and that must be obeyed ex) Now, for the first time, a large study has shown that breast cancer patients may be able to reduce the chances that their tumors will return by following a stringent low-fat diet.

Answer 32

3) (of a system or an organization) strong and not likely to fail or become weak ex) Although some scientists doubt that the findings are robust enough to warrant great confidence, any breast cancer patient who can forgo the pleasures of fatty foods would probably be wise to do so.

Answer 33

2) to save somebody/yourself from having to go through an unpleasant experience ex) Not only is she surviving breast cancer, but she's been spared unnecessary toxic treatments.

Answer 34

1) to make an action seem reasonable or necessary ex) Although some scientists doubt that the findings are robust enough to warrant great confidence, any breast cancer patient who can forgo the pleasures of fatty foods would probably be wise to do so.

Answer 35

forgo something (formal) to decide not to have or do something that you would like to have or do ex) Although some scientists doubt that the findings are robust enough to warrant great confidence, any breast cancer patient who can forgo the pleasures of fatty foods would probably be wise to do so.

Answer 36

the time during which a woman gradually stops menstruating, usually at around the age of 50 ex) The researchers studied some 2,400 postmenopausal women who were healthy after receiving standard treatments for early breast cancer, including surgery, radiation and chemotherapy or hormonal therapy.

Answer 37

to feel and show that you are very excited and happy because of something that has happened ex) That was a statistically significant difference but barely so, causing some scientists to exult that diet had finally been proved beneficial and others to lament that the proof seemed mighty slim.

Answer 38

(informal, especially North American English) (with adjectives and adverbs) very synonym really ex) That was a statistically significant difference but barely so, causing some scientists to exult that diet had finally been proved beneficial and others to lament that the proof seemed mighty slim.

Answer 39

3) (specialist) connected with movement of the body that is produced by muscles; connected with the nerves that control movement * 체력 ex) Now scientists are peering into the brains of alcoholics for clues about the price of excess on thinking, balance, and motor capacity.

Answer 40

that cannot be changed back to what it was before opposite reversible ex) What are they learning? That women do not handle alcohol as well as men and face greater risks of potentially irreversible brain damage, as well as other serious health problems, including liver damage, heart disease and cancer.

Answer 41

1) [uncountable, countable] deficiency (in/of something) the state of not having, or not having enough of, something that is essential synonym shortage ex) Two new studies detected deficiencies in the gray and white matter and cerebrospinal fluid of alcoholic subjects.

Answer 42

of or relating to the brain and spinal cord or to these together with the cranial and spinal nerves that innervate voluntary muscles 뇌척수의, 중추 신경계의 ex) Two new studies detected deficiencies in the gray and white matter and cerebrospinal fluid of alcoholic subjects.

Answer 43

detrimental (to somebody/something) (formal) harmful synonym damaging ex) What's more, according to NIH researcher Daniel Hommer, the detrimental effects of chronic alcohol abuse are causing organic damage at younger ages than once thought.

Answer 44

the extensive outer layer of gray matter of the cerebral hemispheres, largely responsible for higher brain functions, including sensation, voluntary muscle movement, thought, reasoning, and memory 대뇌피질 대뇌겉질

Answer 45

(informal) a short period of time when somebody does too much of a particular activity, especially eating or drinking alcohol ex) Hopefully, this will make people aware that heavy drinking in the 20s is dangerous - and that includes binge drinking. to go on a binge I had a shopping binge with my credit card.

Answer 46

[uncountable] abstinence (from something) (formal) the practice of not allowing yourself something, especially food, alcoholic drinks or sex, for moral, religious or health reasons ex) The 36 alcohol dependent women enrolled in the Hommer study were recruited from an inpatient treatment program in Bethesda, Md., and compared after a minimum of three weeks of abstinence with men and other with no history of alcohol or other drug problems.

Answer 47

4) [uncountable] the period of time when somebody is getting used to not taking a drug that they have become addicted to, and the unpleasant effects of doing this ex) Each were either binge drinkers or consumed the equivalent of 11-12 drinks a day - enough to experience withdrawal symptoms and blackouts.

Answer 48

drunk ex) As a result, they become inebriated more easily.

Answer 49

one of several frequent changes in size, amount, quality, etc, especially from one extreme to another; the act of changing frequently like this ex) Monthly hormone fluctuations also affect alcohol metabolism and can make blood alcohol content levels jump faster than in men.

Answer 50

2) (of a process, an action or a disease) that can be changed so that something returns to its original state or situation opposite irreversible ex) Scientists believe that more studies on alcoholic women are needed after short and long periods of sobriety to determine the effects of alcohol on thinking ability, motor skills, and balance - and whether the effects are reversible.

Answer 51

all the past achievements, successes or failures of a person or an organization ex) "Women alcoholics do not have a good track record of recovery," he says. He has a proven track record in marketing.

Answer 52

to cause a lot of trouble or damage ex) Alcohol can wreak havoc on the brain: everything from self-control to loss of inhibitions.

Answer 53

2) [uncountable] (formal) the act of restricting or preventing a process or an action ex) Alcohol depresses the central nervous system, lowers inhibitions, and impairs judgment.

Answer 54

[only before noun] showing that something exists or has happened ex) Exercise not only increases blood flow and oxygen to the brain, it may also reduce the telltale plaque in the brain associated with Alzheimer's.

Answer 55

1) connected with the scientific study of the normal functions of living things ex) This lends some actual physiological support that there might be a direct mechanism between exercise an d the development of plaques.

Answer 56

connected with the heart and the blood vessels (= the tubes that carry blood around the body) ex) After eight years, it turns out consuming less fat did not reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer.

Answer 57

2) (anatomy) the main part of the large intestine (= part of the bowels) 결장 * relating to or involving both the colon and the rectum: colorectal cancer. ** the end section of the tube where food waste collects before leaving the body through the anus 직장 ex) We went into the study thinking that a diet, a diet low in total fat would reduce the risk definitively for breast cancer, colon cancer, and heart disease.

Answer 58

3) take on something (informal) the particular opinion or idea that somebody has about something ex) I think if that's the take on this, then that would be an erroneous one.

Answer 59

not correct; based on wrong information ex) I think if that's the take on this, then that would be an erroneous one.

Answer 60

[not before noun] chock-full (of something/somebody) (informal) completely full ex) In the basement, the woman had several copies of the Physician's Desk Reference, scales for weighing pills, and a cupboard chock-full of both prescription and over-the counter medications.

Answer 61

used for showing that you are considering every aspect of something ex) All in all, doctors told the family later, she had 11 types of prescription medications, including at least 400 Valium pills.

Answer 62

2) fetch something to be sold for a particular price synonym sell ex) Her medications, doctors said, would probably fetch about $15,000 on the street.

Answer 63

unbeknown to somebody (formal) without the person mentioned knowing ex) To get pills, Anne's grandmother would go from doctor to doctor complaining of anxiety, asking each for a prescription so that, unbeknownst to the doctors, she racked up a huge stockpile of drugs.

Answer 64

rack up something (especially North American English) to collect something, such as profits or losses in a business, or points in a competition ex) To get pills, Anne's grandmother would go from doctor to doctor complaining of anxiety, asking each for a prescription so that, unbeknownst to the doctors, she racked up a huge stockpile of drugs.

Answer 65

1) having a strong effect on your body or mind ex) One in 10 high school seniors has tried the painkiller Vicodin without a prescription, and 1 in 20 has taken the potent pill OxyContin.

Answer 66

to prepare yourself/somebody/something to do something; to step up to the challenge, get motivated, work harder to get the job done ex) As these efforts gear up, experts at all levels are realizing that fighting the war on prescription drugs may be unlike anything they've done before.

Answer 67

1) [uncountable] (informal) a drug that is taken illegally for pleasure, especially cannabis or, in the US, heroin ex) Kiddie dope. He has admitted smoking dope as a teenager.

Answer 68

1) [COUNTABLE] a government official who is responsible for dealing with a specific problem, especially one that causes a lot of public worry * an official employed by a national government to try to stop the trade in illegal drugs ex) "We are faced here with a different kind of threat," says John Walters, the U.S. drug czar.

Answer 69

2) [COUNTABLE/UNCOUNTABLE] a change in the use or purpose of something ex) In this case, this is a diversion from a legitimate source.

Answer 70

[uncountable] great skill in dealing with people or situations, especially in a delicate way ex) In contrast to other types of illicit drugs, fighting this threat takes more finesse than force.

Answer 71

2) if police or soldiers round up a group of people, they find them and arrest or capture them ex) Federal agents and others refer to prescription pills as "kiddie dope" and don't regard rounding up those who sell it illegally as a top priority, he says.

Answer 72

(formal) to become controlled by somebody ex) The word balance is often used to describe the complex task of keeping these groups happy while preventing the drugs from falling into the hands of illicit users and criminals.

Answer 73

(formal) to consider it right or acceptable to do something; to decide or choose to do something ex) The most delicate relationship right now is between law enforcement and doctors, who want to be able to prescribe medication as they see fit without evoking suspicion of drug trafficking - a fact not lost on the Drug Enforcement Administration.

Answer 74

a drug derived from opium. Opiates are used in medicine to reduce severe pain. ex) Painkillers like Vicodin, Percocet, and OxyContin, derived from opiates, technically known as narcotic analgesics, are the biggest concern among policymakers and experts because they can be very addictive.

Answer 75

1) (of a drug) that affects your mind in a harmful way 2) (of a substance) making you sleep ex) Painkillers like Vicodin, Percocet, and OxyContin, derived from opiates, technically known as narcotic analgesics, are the biggest concern among policymakers and experts because they can be very addictive.

Answer 76

that reduces pain ex) Painkillers like Vicodin, Percocet, and OxyContin, derived from opiates, technically known as narcotic analgesics, are the biggest concern among policymakers and experts because they can be very addictive.

Answer 77

a substance that reduces pain synonym painkiller ex) Painkillers like Vicodin, Percocet, and OxyContin, derived from opiates, technically known as narcotic analgesics, are the biggest concern among policymakers and experts because they can be very addictive.

Answer 78

an extremely strong feeling of happiness and excitement that usually lasts only a short time ex) People take the drugs because they produce a sense of euphoria, similar to the high from heroin.

Answer 79

receiving or involving a lot of attention and discussion on television, in newspapers, etc. ex) But the heavy focus on abuse of painkillers, along with several high-profile court cases involving doctors, has had a chilling effect on pain medicine, doctors contend.

Answer 80

1) [transitive] contend that… (formal) to say that something is true, especially in an argument synonym maintain ex) But the heavy focus on abuse of painkillers, along with several high-profile court cases involving doctors, has had a chilling effect on pain medicine, doctors contend.

Answer 81

an indirect and usually bad result of an action or event that may happen some time afterwards synonym consequence * reverberations [plural] the effects of something that happens, especially unpleasant ones that spread among a large number of people synonym repercussion ** a situation in which an event or action has an effect on something, which then has an effect on something else *** the bad results of a situation or an action ex) "I can't even begin to explain the severity of the repercussions on their lives."

Answer 82

evoke something (formal) to bring a feeling, a memory or an image into your mind ex) The most delicate relationship right now is between law enforcement and doctors, who want to be able to prescribe medication as they see fit without evoking suspicion of drug trafficking - a fact not lost on the Drug Enforcement Administration.

Answer 83

laud somebody/something (formal) to praise somebody/something ex) The 32-page document was released in August 2004 and lauded in the Journal of the American Medical Association.

Answer 84

by one member of a group or an organization without the agreement of the other members ex) "It was just amazing to have that collaboration unilaterally ended," he says, "without explanation."

Answer 85

1) a serious disagreement between people that stops their relationship from continuing synonym breach, division 2) a large crack or opening in the ground, rocks or clouds ex) If that rift is not mended, it could impede the war on prescription drugs, which depends on cooperation between the medical community and law enforcement.

Answer 86

[often passive] impede something (formal) to delay or stop the progress of something synonym hinder, hamper ex) If that rift is not mended, it could impede the war on prescription drugs, which depends on cooperation between the medical community and law enforcement.

Answer 87

to do something more slowly or with less energy than before ex) That's right, son. Stop slacking off and start hitting the books!

Answer 88

something that has failed or that cannot succeed ex) But I can't stand chemistry class. Besides, it's a lost cause. That class is way over my head.

Answer 89

(informal) to start to do something seriously ex) You need to buckle down. I'd better buckle down to those reports.

Answer 90

(informal) not to care at all | ex) When I'm a famous musician, people won't give a hoot about my knowledge of atoms and molecules.

Answer 91

to not be important or closely related to the main thing you are talking about ex) Yes, I know it was an accident, but that's beside the point. They took my words out of context, but that's beside the point.

Answer 92

to want something very much ex) We know you have your heart set on going to New York University.

Answer 93

to have the possibility of succeeding or achieving something ex) And you don't stand a chance of getting in there with such poor grades! The driver didn't stand a chance of stopping in time.

Answer 94

an argument, a fight or a test that will settle a disagreement that has lasted for a long time ex) Overseas now to the looming showdown with Iran over its nuclear program.

Answer 95

curtail something (formal) to limit something or make it last for a shorter time ex) Today was the deadline the United Nations Security Council gave Iran to curtail its nuclear program.

Answer 96

to advance with something; to make progress with something ex) The UN report concludes Iran is moving ahead with its nuclear program, continuing to make fuel that could be used in nuclear bombs, continuing to defy the UN.

Answer 97

to make it possible for something to happen; to make something likely to happen ex) The stage is now set for a showdown in the UN Security Council over a resolution to punish Iran.

Answer 98

having similar ideas and interests ex) We're forming a strong coalition of like-minded countries that believe that the Iranians should not have a nuclear weapon.

Answer 99

1) wield something to have and use power, authority, etc. ex) Both wield a veto at the UN Security Council and both have repeatedly said they do not want to impose sanctions on Iran.

Answer 100

1) [countable, uncountable] the right to refuse to allow something to be done, especially the right to stop a law from being passed or a decision from being taken ex) Both wield a veto at the UN Security Council and both have repeatedly said they do not want to impose sanctions on Iran.

Answer 101

[intransitive] haggle (with somebody) (over something) to argue with somebody in order to reach an agreement, especially about the price of something ex) A little-noticed bill that will expand and strengthen the nation's drug laws appears to have survived the legislative haggling that takes place before parliament is dissolved for the general election.

Answer 102

3) [transitive] dissolve something to officially end a marriage, business agreement or parliament ex) A little-noticed bill that will expand and strengthen the nation's drug laws appears to have survived the legislative haggling that takes place before parliament is dissolved for the general election.

Answer 103

wean somebody/something (off/from something) to gradually stop feeding a baby or young animal with its mother’s milk and start feeding it with solid food ex) The aim is to wean Britons off their favourite highs.

Answer 104

4) an aim or a purpose ex) To that end (=in order to achieve that), the bill criminalises magic mushrooms (at the moment, unprepared ones are legal).

Answer 105

(often disapproving) not happening at regular times; not following any plan or regular pattern; that you cannot rely on synonym unpredictable ex) Opponents say that prohibition has little effect on supply or demand. That's wrong: as well as raising prices, it makes quality more erratic.

Answer 106

2) [countable + singular or plural verb] (informal) a group of people working together as an organization, business, team, etc. ex) Danny Kushlick of Transform, a pro-legalisation outfit, points out that pipe tobacco is easy to obtain, though few use it these days.

Answer 107

2) (business) an opportunity to sell a particular product to a particular group of people ex) It all tobacco were outlawed, dealers would ignore the niche market and pipe-smokers would turn to cigars and cigarettes.

Answer 108

3) [intransitive] to fall rapidly in value or amount | ex) Ecstasy tablets tumbled from $11 to $4.

Answer 109

not as strict as expected when punishing somebody or when making sure that rules are obeyed ex) Both drugs have lured users away from speed (amphetamines) even though as a Class-B drug it attracts more lenient sentences.

Answer 110

aura (of something) a feeling or particular quality that is very noticeable and seems to surround a person or place ex) Though cocaine's price has fallen, it retains an aura of celebrity that helps sales.

Answer 111

2) quiet, especially in a way that lacks excitement | ex) But the current trend is for late-night pubs and bars, which suit cocaine users but are too sedate for pill poppers.

Answer 112

living alone and avoiding other people ex) Whether or not the reclusive Kim Jong Il shows up in person for his national shindig on February 16th, the fireworks have begun.

Answer 113

a big noisy party ex) Whether or not the reclusive Kim Jong Il shows up in person for his national shindig on February 16th, the fireworks have begun.

Answer 114

3) [usually before noun] (informal) seeming to be dishonest or illegal ex) North Korea's announcement, not just that it has built nuclear weapons (it has said that before), but that it is suspending indefinitely its participation in six-party talks that America, China and others had been hoping would end its shady nuclear dealings, is an attempt to put the blame on the Bush administration for the nuclear impasse.

Answer 115

a difficult situation in which no progress can be made because the people involved cannot agree what to do synonym deadlock stand-off ex) North Korea's announcement, not just that it has built nuclear weapons (it has said that before), but that it is suspending indefinitely its participation in six-party talks that America, China and others had been hoping would end its shady nuclear dealings, is an attempt to put the bla

Answer 116

to make somebody do something by talking to them and being very nice to them synonym coax ex) But it is also a poser for China, which had been expecting to cajole, bribe and drag North Korea into more talks within weeks.

Answer 117

to give somebody money or something valuable in order to persuade them to help you, especially by doing something dishonest ex) But it is also a poser for China, which had been expecting to cajole, bribe and drag North Korea into more talks within weeks.

Answer 118

1) to start to talk about something/somebody that has nothing to do with what is being discussed 2) to try to get somebody who is not connected with a situation involved in it ex) But it is also a poser for China, which had been expecting to cajole, bribe and drag North Korea into more talks within weeks.

Answer 119

1) (informal) a difficult question or problem synonym puzzler ex) But it is also a poser for China, which had been expecting to cajole, bribe and drag North Korea into more talks within weeks.

Answer 120

to give something time and attention in order to try to solve a problem or achieve something ex) Pressure had been building for him to sit down again, along with South Korea, Japan and Russia, and this time negotiate seriously.

Answer 121

stand-off (between A and B) a situation in which no agreement can be reached synonym deadlock impasse ex) North Korea had yet to respond to an American proposal last June that would offer economic assistance and security guarantees, as North Korea has demanded, but only if Mr. Kim agrees to the verifiable dismantling of both his nuclear programmes: the plutonium programme that had been frozen until two years ago under a 1994 deal with America, and the uranium-enrichment activity that America accuses him of carrying on in secret, and that led to the latest stand-off.

Answer 122

(informal) to criticize somebody in an unfair way, often in public, so that they feel embarrassed or less confident ex) Instead of slapping down a counter-proposal of his own, Mr. Kim has used a string of excuses - America's presidential election (in which he rooted for George Bush's opponent), waiting to see whether Mr. Bush sounded "hostile" in his State of the Union address earlier this month (he didn't).

Answer 123

[no passive] (usually used in the progressive tenses) (informal) to support or encourage somebody in a sports competition or when they are in a difficult situation ex) Instead of slapping down a counter-proposal of his own, Mr. Kim has used a string of excuses - America's presidential election (in which he rooted for George Bush's opponent), waiting to see whether Mr. Bush sounded "hostile" in his State of the Union address earlier this month (he didn't).

Answer 124

an angry and offended mood ex) He blames his latest huff on Ms. Rice, who recently lumped North Korea among the "outposts of tyranny."

Answer 125

(lump A and B together | lump A (in) with B) to put or consider different things together in the same group ex) He blames his latest huff on Ms. Rice, who recently lumped North Korea among the "outposts of tyranny."

Answer 126

1) a small military camp away from the main army, used for watching an enemy’s movements, etc. 교두보 ex) He blames his latest huff on Ms. Rice, who recently lumped North Korea among the "outposts of tyranny." 악의 교두보

Answer 127

2) (often disapproving) to help something that is having difficulties ex) Until now, China, South Korea and Japan have all been happy to prop up Mr. Kim with dollops of aid, so long as he refrained from doing rash things: testing a bomb, for example, or another of his far-flying missiles.

Answer 128

2) an amount of something ex) Until now, China, South Korea and Japan have all been happy to prop up Mr. Kim with dollops of aid, so long as he refrained from doing rash things: testing a bomb, for example, or another of his far-flying missiles.

Answer 129

(of people or their actions) doing something that may not be sensible without first thinking about the possible results; done in this way synonym reckless ex) Until now, China, South Korea and Japan have all been happy to prop up Mr. Kim with dollops of aid, so long as he refrained from doing rash things: testing a bomb, for example, or another of his far-flying missiles.

Answer 130

to move forward quickly; to make a lot of progress quickly ex) South Korea has forged ahead with economic co-operation, including links across the otherwise heavily fortified border.

Answer 131

a machine with a part that spins around to separate substances, for example liquids from solids, by forcing the heavier substance to the outer edge ex) Tests by America's Department of Energy have convinced American officials that North Korea may well have supplied the uranium hexafluoride gas - partly-processed uranium which can be spun in centrifuge machines to make enriched uranium for either civilian or military uses - that Libya turned over to inspectors a year ago when it abandoned its once secret nuclear-weapons programme.

Answer 132

that cannot be proved wrong and that must therefore be accepted ex) The evidence is not irrefutable, but the conclusion is also based on traces of plutonium found on the canisters concerned, as well as a third piece of evidence not so far made public.

Answer 133

a long thin piece of fuel used in a nuclear power station 연료봉 ex) America accepts that North Korea has probably finished extracting the plutonium (enough or half a dozen bombs) from spent fuel-rods preciously stored under the 1994 deal near its nuclear reactor at Yongbyon; it will soon be able to unload more rods from the reactor for reprocessing.

Answer 134

a large structure used for the controlled production of nuclear energy ex) America accepts that North Korea has probably finished extracting the plutonium (enough or half a dozen bombs) from spent fuel-rods preciously stored under the 1994 deal near its nuclear reactor at Yongbyon; it will soon be able to unload more rods from the reactor for reprocessing.

Answer 135

involving two political parties ex) But the idea that America should set aside its uranium concerns is given a bipartisan rebuttal in the current issue of Foreign Affairs by Robert Gallucci, who negotiated the 1994 plutonium deal with North Korea under the Clinton administration, and Mitchell Reiss, the just departed head of policy planning in the Bush administration's State Department.

Answer 136

the act of saying or proving that a statement or criticism is false synonym refutation ex) But the idea that America should set aside its uranium concerns is given a bipartisan rebuttal in the current issue of Foreign Affairs by Robert Gallucci, who negotiated the 1994 plutonium deal with North Korea under the Clinton administration, and Mitchell Reiss, the just departed head of policy planning in the Bush administration's State Department.

Answer 137

to pretend not to notice something bad that is happening, so you do not have to do anything about it ex) Turning a blind eye to evidence of North Korea's enrichment work would, they argue, leave Mr. Kim with a covert supply of fissile material, whether for bomb making or for export, including to terrorist groups.

Answer 138

secret or hidden, making it difficult to notice ex) Turning a blind eye to evidence of North Korea's enrichment work would, they argue, leave Mr. Kim with a covert supply of fissile material, whether for bomb making or for export, including to terrorist groups.

Answer 139

capable of nuclear fission 핵분열성의 ex) Turning a blind eye to evidence of North Korea's enrichment work would, they argue, leave Mr. Kim with a covert supply of fissile material, whether for bomb making or for export, including to terrorist groups.

Answer 140

[intransitive] acquiesce (in/to something) (formal) to accept something without arguing, even if you do not really agree with it ex) So far, despite its tough line, says Gary Samore, of the London-based IISS, America has in effect acquiesced in North Korea's becoming a covert nuclear power.

Answer 141

2) [countable] a secret plan or relationship, especially one which involves somebody else being tricked ex) Meanwhile, there have been reports of political intrigues and even some limited anti-regime protests.

Answer 142

1) quell something/somebody to stop something such as violent behaviour or protests ex) Mr. Kim may soon pick one of his sons as the next dynasty-designate, in part to quell rumours that he is losing his grip.

Answer 143

to become unable to understand or control a situation ex) Mr. Kim may soon pick one of his sons as the next dynasty-designate, in part to quell rumours that he is losing his grip.

Answer 144

2) to criticize somebody in an angry way | ex) Lashing out under pressure is a Kim trademark.

Answer 145

2) a strong metal container containing gas or a chemical substance, especially one that bursts when it is fired from a gun or thrown ex) The evidence is not irrefutable, but the conclusion is also based on traces of plutonium found on the canisters concerned, as well as a third piece of evidence not so far made public.

Answer 146

2) (sworn/bitter enemies) people, countries, etc. that have a strong hatred for each other ex) It has some time since the two nations were bitter enemies.

Answer 147

(of rain, bad weather, infection, etc.) to begin and seem likely to continue ex) But a speech by President Putin, today, left little doubt that a new chill has set in.

Answer 148

1) a person who is a member of the same communist or socialist political party as the person speaking ex) "Comrade wolf knows whom to eat. It eats without listening. And it's clearly not going to listen to anyone."

Answer 149

1) exert something to use power or influence to affect somebody/something ex) "The stronger our military is," he said, "the less the temptation to exert such pressure on us."

Answer 150

stymie somebody/something (informal) to prevent somebody from doing something that they have planned or want to do; to prevent something from happening synonym foil ex) With its veto power at the UN Security Council, Elizabeth, Russia can stymie US diplomatic efforts to punish Iran for its nuclear program.

Answer 151

to be much better than other people or things ex) She said my presentation was head and shoulders above the others.

Answer 152

(North American English, informal) used to tell somebody that you are pleased about something they have done ex) A: She said my presentation was head and shoulders above the others. B: Way to go!

Answer 153

3) to join an organization, especially in order to have a career in it ex) She also said I should go into politics, just like Hillary. to go into teaching to go into the Army/the Church/Parliament

Answer 154

too enthusiastic about something, without thinking seriously about it, especially about fighting and war ex) You're so gung-ho about school. It drives me crazy.

Answer 155

1) to interrupt a conversation rudely 2) (informal) to become involved in a situation that does not concern you synonym interfere ex) Ted, don't butt in! You're just jealous.

Answer 156

to say something that is exactly right ex) A: Ted, don't butt in! You're just jealous. B: Right. You hit the nail on the head. I'm green with envy.

Answer 157

to be very unhappy because someone has something that you want ex) Right. You hit the nail on the head. I'm green with envy.

Answer 158

2) at risk of upsetting or annoying someone; in a risky situation ex) Would you just shut up? You're on thin ice with me right now.

Answer 159

(informal) to be very frightened or nervous | ex) Oh no! Look at me. I'm shaking in my shoes.

Answer 160

the time when somebody will have to deal with the result of 2) [countable, usually singular, uncountable] a time when somebody’s actions will be judged to be right or wrong and they may be punished * something that they have done wrong, or be punished for something bad that they have done ex) We turn now to a financial reckoning facing so many homeowners.

Answer 161

the time when problems become so great that a person, an organization or a system can no longer deal with them ex) Tonight, ABC's Betsy Stark on the homeowners squeezed to the breaking point.

Answer 162

to take part in an activity ex) Heidi is one of millions of Americans who got in on the great American housing boom by buying a house with an adjustable-rate mortgage.

Answer 163

1) to begin to take effect Once that adjustable rate kicked in, it just got from bad to worse. Very bad.

Answer 164

2) to be reaching the time when something must be done ex) Economists estimate that nearly a quarter of all mortgage loans will come up for interest rate resets in the next two years, bringing monthly mortgage payments as much as 50% higher. His contract is coming up for renewal.

Answer 165

1) to try to stop somebody asking questions or complaining by telling them something that is not true ex) If Iran is allowed to fob off nuclear inspectors, so will North Korea. Don't let him fob you off with any more excuses. She wouldn't be fobbed off this time.

Answer 166

making somebody lose their hope or enthusiasm ex) Good news is dispiritingly rare in the global effort to curb the spread of nuclear weapons.

Answer 167

1) [intransitive] dabble (in/with something) to take part in a sport, an activity, etc. but not very seriously ex) North Korea seemed to surprise itself this week by agreeing to a set of principles with America, South Korea, Japan, China and Russia to give up its weapons and end its nuclear dabbling - so much so, that a day later it was already bad-temperedly backtracking.

Answer 168

often angry; in an angry mood ex) North Korea seemed to surprise itself this week by agreeing to a set of principles with America, South Korea, Japan, China and Russia to give up its weapons and end its nuclear dabbling - so much so, that a day later it was already bad-temperedly backtracking.

Answer 169

to such a great degree ex) North Korea seemed to surprise itself this week by agreeing to a set of principles with America, South Korea, Japan, China and Russia to give up its weapons and end its nuclear dabbling - so much so, that a day later it was already bad-temperedly backtracking. It was a great project, so much so that it won first prize. She is pretty, so much so if you get to see her once, you'll fall in love with here on the spot.

Answer 170

2) [intransitive] to change an earlier statement, opinion or promise because of pressure from somebody/something ex) North Korea seemed to surprise itself this week by agreeing to a set of principles with America, South Korea, Japan, China and Russia to give up its weapons and end its nuclear dabbling - so much so, that a day later it was already bad-temperedly backtracking.

Answer 171

extremely confident behaviour that people are likely to consider rude ex) It also threatens to enrich the uranium (just for reactor fuel, it says, though others suspect for bomb-making) and to end all co-operation with international inspectors if the 35-nation board of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), meeting this week, has the temerity to report its past nuclear rule-breaking to the UN Security Council.

Answer 172

[intransitive] (+ adv./prep.) to move somewhere in a way that draws attention to yourself, for example because you are angry or upset ex) North Korea flounced out of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in 2003 and claims loudly to have the bomb; Iran, still officially in, claims not to want or need one.

Answer 173

on trial in court, especially in a criminal case; under intense scrutiny; being tried in a court, especially a criminal court; on trial ex) So why are the Europeans and America, along with Australia, Canada, Japan and others, pressing to put Iran in the dock at the UN?

Answer 174

4) (formal) a large number of things falling or coming quickly at the same time ex) The answers can be found in a cascade of IAEA inspectors' reports describing two decades of cheating: covering up experiments to enrich uranium and make plutonium, and lying repeatedly about how much nuclear equipment and materials was bought from the same black-market middlemen that sold Libya a flat-pack bomb-making kit, and that helped supply North Korea too.

Answer 175

a piece of furniture that is sold in pieces in a flat box and that you have to build yourself ex) The answers can be found in a cascade of IAEA inspectors' reports describing two decades of cheating: covering up experiments to enrich uranium and make plutonium, and lying repeatedly about how much nuclear equipment and materials was bought from the same black-market middlemen that sold Libya a flat-pack bomb-making kit, and that helped supply North Korea too.

Answer 176

the explosive part of a missile 탄두 ex) Yet there are other indications - including possible design work on a nuclear warhead - that its intentions are far from peaceful.

Answer 177

[intransitive, transitive] fret (about/over something) | fret (that…) (especially British English) to be worried or unhappy and not able to relax ex) Some fret at measures to curb its "right" to such technologies under the NPT.

Answer 178

2) [singular] (informal) something that somebody says or a sound that somebody makes ex) China did not let it utter a peep over North Korea, preferring those six-party talks.

Answer 179

[transitive] to give somebody/something authority, status or a particular type of treatment ex) In fact, the NPT accords Iran only a right to the "benefits of civilian nuclear power," and only then if it is keeping its non-nuclear promises.

Answer 180

open refusal to obey somebody/something ex) Meanwhile, letting its defiance stand carries big risks.

Answer 181

4) [intransitive, transitive] (rather informal) to avoid a difficult or unpleasant duty or responsibility ex) The IAEA's board has a legal obligation to report safeguards breaches to the Security Council. Ducking it undermines the inspectors' authority.

Answer 182

1) undermine something to make something, especially somebody’s confidence or authority, gradually weaker or less effective ex) The IAEA's board has a legal obligation to report safeguards breaches to the Security Council. Ducking it undermines the inspectors' authority.

Answer 183

1) in favor or on good terms with someone ex) Iran claims to be in good standing with the NPT. The companies wanted to stay in good standing with the government.

Answer 184

to be deliberately slow in doing something or in making a decision ex) Russia has been dragging its feet over supplying fuel for Iran's one soon-to-be-operating reactor at Bushehr, but the IAEA is still providing technical assistance and others are involved too.

Answer 185

to refuse to do something or to change your mind about something ex) If Iran still digs its heel in, the council could suspend the work of other UN agencies in Iran, and its right to vote in the UN General Assembly.

Answer 186

(informal) to be much better at doing something than somebody else ex) For if Iran is left to run rings round inspectors, what chance that North Korea will pay them heed?

Answer 187

[transitive, intransitive] refinance (something) (finance) to borrow money in order to pay a debt 차환/대환하다 ex) They should talk to their lender, Elizabeth, because they may be able to renegotiate or refinance at better terms.

Answer 188

(of figures, prices, etc.) as compared with the corresponding ones from a year earlier ex) The sales of Samsung Electronics are up 20% year on year. the monthly year-on-year growth rates

Answer 189

to make a bad relationship with somebody worse by offending them even more ex) And then, adding insult to injury, tonight, "Consumer Reports" issued its annual list of best vehicles and left US cars on the curb.

Answer 190

The attention to detail of a finished product, most often referring to a manufactured products (cars, handguns, etc) but also applicable to almost any human production (tv shows, websites, etc). Fit refers to how well the component parts come together, and finish refers to the completeness or perfection of the work. ex) In general, we have seen that domestic vehicles lack the fit and finish and the fuel economy and reliability, often, of the better Japanese models.

Answer 191

3) the quality of being able to work or operate for long periods without breaking down or needing attention ex) In general, we have seen that domestic vehicles lack the fit and finish and the fuel economy and reliability, often, of the better Japanese models.

Answer 192

(also interstate highway) (in the US) a wide road, with at least two lanes in each direction, where traffic can travel fast for long distances across many states. You can only enter and leave interstates at special ramps. ex) You can drive from San Francisco to Paterson, New Jersey, on Interstate 80 without paying a cent (save for petrol and the occasional meal).

Answer 193

(also save for) (old use or formal) except something ex) You can drive from San Francisco to Paterson, New Jersey, on Interstate 80 without paying a cent (save for petrol and the occasional meal).

Answer 194

5) [transitive] float something to suggest an idea or a plan for other people to consider ex) The Senate originally floated a $318 billion bill; that has since been combined with a House bill and reduced to a more acceptable $292 billion until 2009.

Answer 195

to look at something in relation to other things and compare the situations. ex) To put these numbers in proportion, the original 1956 act that created the federal highway system spent only $219 billion (in current dollars) over 13 years. You can put your worries into perspective when you realize how many people in the world are so much worse off than you. Just to put that into perspective, that's zero marketing and faster growth than when Facebook first launched. John just paid £100,000 for a painting but, to put that in perspective, he has £7,000,000 in the bank!

Answer 196

1) (specialist) in the layer of the earth's atmosphere between about 10 and 50 kilometres above the surface of the earth 성층권의 2) (informal) extremely high ex) What, then, is pushing costs to these stratospheric levels?

Answer 197

the damage to objects, furniture, property, etc. that is the result of normal use ex) Thicker surfaces would be able to stand the wear and tear, but construction standards have not been updated since the 1950s.

Answer 198

a large vehicle for carrying heavy loads by road ex) Oregon is the only state to tax lorries by the amount of weight carried per axle: more axles carry the truck's weight more evenly, easing the pressure on the road below.

Answer 199

2) [uncountable] (physics) the resistance (= the force that stops something moving) of one surface to another surface or substance moving over or through it ex) every other state charges trucks by fuel consumption, and more axles mean more friction and weight, reducing fuel efficiency.

Answer 200

[usually passive] to decide that something will be used for a particular purpose, or to state that something will happen to somebody/something in the future ex) Since 1982, when legislators were allowed to earmark transport funds for specific highway bills, this has been a convenient way of dishing out congressional pork.

Answer 201

1) (informal) to give something, often to a lot of people or in large amounts ex) Since 1982, when legislators were allowed to earmark transport funds for specific highway bills, this has been a convenient way of dishing out congressional pork.

Answer 202

local projects that are given a lot of government money in order to win votes; the money that is used ex) Since 1982, when legislators were allowed to earmark transport funds for specific highway bills, this has been a convenient way of dishing out congressional pork.

Answer 203

1) a person who lives, and can vote in a constituency ex) I-99 is also known as "Bud Shuster Byway" after the long-serving Republican congressman who secured the money for his grateful constituents.

Answer 204

tussle (for/over something) a short struggle, fight or argument especially in order to get something ex) Highway money is also an important part of the tussles between Washington, DC, and the states.

Answer 205

2) [often passive] to stop the supply of something to somebody ex) Highway money is also an important part of the tussles between Washington, DC, and the states. The latter, eager to point to highway construction as a sign of growth, love getting federal funds; the federal government, in turn, has found that threatening to cut off highway money is a good way to get states or municipalities to do something else.

Answer 206

a town, city or district with its own local government; the group of officials who govern it ex) The federal government, in turn, has found that threatening to cut off highway money is a good way to get states or municipalities to do something else.

Answer 207

to behave or make somebody/something behave in the same way as other people or how they should behave ex) Then a law was passed to allow the government to withhold highway funds from the rest; by 1988, all the states had fallen into line.

Answer 208

to engage in often partisan political discussion or activity ex) Politicking about the main source of highway funds, a tax on gasoline, could also end up increasing road spending.

Answer 209

privatize something to sell a business or an industry so that it is no longer owned by the government 민영화하다 ex) Mr. Winston suggests charging variable tolls for road space: toll lanes already exist on busy routes such as I-15 near San Diego and I-10 near Houston. Or roads could be privatised.

Answer 210

being planned; happening ex) A $175 billion plan is afoot to build a Trans-Texas Corridor - an enormous project including 4,000 miles of private toll roads as well as a railway packed into a quarter-mile-wide swathe of land that would go past, rather than through, the state's big towns.

Answer 211

2) a large strip or area of something ex) A $175 billion plan is afoot to build a Trans-Texas Corridor - an enormous project including 4,000 miles of private toll roads as well as a railway packed into a quarter-mile-wide swathe of land that would go past, rather than through, the state's big towns.

Answer 212

to become more interested in or enthusiastic about something ex) Whether Americans will warm to the idea of paying to drive on many more roads remains to be seen; if they don't, they will simply pay the tab through higher taxes.

Answer 213

(idiomatic) to have not yet happened; to be as yet unknown; it is not yet certain ex) Whether Americans will warm to the idea of paying to drive on many more roads remains to be seen; if they don't, they will simply pay the tab through higher taxes. It remains to be seen who will win.

Answer 214

to pay the bill ex) Whether Americans will warm to the idea of paying to drive on many more roads remains to be seen; if they don't, they will simply pay the tab through higher taxes. Whenever we go out, my father picks up the tab. Order whatever you want. The company is picking up the check.

Answer 215

(formal) used to say that there is too much of something ex) Companies like Ford and General Motors groan under the weight of their history,k manifested in the legacy costs that are a result of decades of promises to support workers and provide them with health care in their old age.

Answer 216

1) manifest something (in something) to show something clearly, especially a feeling, an attitude or a quality synonym demonstrate ex) Companies like Ford and General Motors groan under the weight of their history, manifested in the legacy costs that are a result of decades of promises to support workers and provide them with health care in their old age.

Answer 217

The costs involved with a company paying increased healthcare fees and other benefit-related costs for its current employees and retired pensioners. It is believed that escalating legacy costs can be a very large contributing factor towards limiting a company's competitiveness. Typically, it is the larger, older and more established companies that have problems with spiraling legacy costs, because they have the most pension and healthcare liabilities. In the face of these costs, many companies are taking measures to lower legacy costs as much as possible. One example of this can be seen by the trend of companies changing their employee retirement plans from defined-benefit plans to defined-contribution plans. ex) Companies like Ford and General Motors groan under the weight of their history, manifested in the legacy costs that are a result of decades of promises to support workers and provide them with health care in their old age.

Answer 218

1) a list of people employed by a company showing the amount of money to be paid to each of them 2) [usually singular] the total amount paid in wages by a company ex) GM, Ford and the parts maker Delphi have all offered thousands of buyouts as part of efforts to restructure their inefficient manufacturing businesses, trimming payrolls to become more competitive.

Answer 219

similar to ex) But that means fewer workers supporting armies of retirees, a demographic challenge not unlike the one facing the Social Security system.

Answer 220

1) to discuss a plan, an idea, etc. until everyone agrees or a decision is made ex) In an ideal world, America would join the overwhelming majority of developed countries and hammer out some kinds of national health care system.

Answer 221

the beginning of something, especially something unpleasant ex) Failing such a sudden and unlikely onset of sanity, creative solutions are needed.

Answer 222

to make an agreement with somebody in which both sides have an advantage ex) Senator Barack Obama has proposed striking a bargain with American automakers to help them with retiree health care costs in exchange for higher fuel efficiency standards.

Answer 223

3) an improvement in the way something is developing * to progress well ex) Today, GM, Ford and Chrysler all insisted they are making big strides.

Answer 224

not yet decided ex) Maybe go to the movies or to a party. Our plans are still up in the air.

Answer 225

(informal) feeling unhappy synonym depressed ex) I don't want to hang around here. Dad is really down in the dumps.

Answer 226

(saying) used to say how difficult it is to understand why somebody likes somebody/something that you do not like at all ex) A: Take it easy, Mom. We're not about to get married. We just enjoy hanging out together. B: I guess there's no accounting for taste. Have a good time.

Answer 227

(informal) to have a great time; to have a lot of fun; to enjoy doing something very much ex) A: I guess there's no accounting for taste. Have a good time. B: Don't worry. We'll have a blast!

Answer 228

1) [countable] (used especially in newspapers) a situation in which a lot of people are anxious or frightened about something ex) Why, the mobile phone of course, which is simutaneously the most successful digital device on the planet (1.7 billion users and counting) and the origin of all sorts of myths and scare stories.

Answer 229

1) formal how does that affect (someone or something) 2) why does (something) matter ex) Their use in the air is banned because it would interfere with mobile networks on the ground, though this has now been solved, and in-flight calling will be possible next year.

Answer 230

to no longer be controlled by anyone ex) With the industry unwilling to withdraw its warning signs, the myth of phone-related explosions has taken on a life of its own. Once an earthquake starts, it takes on a life of its own. Someone imagined it, and the idea took on a life of its own.

Answer 231

(informal) used to say that something seems to be good, true, etc. but that this opinion may need to be changed when you know more about it ex) On the face of it, there is a contradiction here: mobile phones are ubiquitous and indispensable, yet they have also given rise to a curious bundle of safety fears. On the face of it, it seems like a great deal. What may, on the face of it, seem obvious often turns out to be far more complicated.

Answer 232

1) [countable, uncountable] contradiction (between A and B) a lack of agreement between facts, opinions, actions, etc. ex) On the face of it, there is a contradiction here: mobile phones are ubiquitous and indispensable, yet they have also given rise to a curious bundle of safety fears.

Answer 233

too important to be without synonym essential ex) On the face of it, there is a contradiction here: mobile phones are ubiquitous and indispensable, yet they have also given rise to a curious bundle of safety fears.

Answer 234

(formal) to cause something to happen or exist ex) On the face of it, there is a contradiction here: mobile phones are ubiquitous and indispensable, yet they have also given rise to a curious bundle of safety fears. The novel's success gave rise to a number of sequels.

Answer 235

careful when dealing with somebody/something because you think that there may be a danger or problem synonym cautious ex) Britain has taken an unusually cautious position, but that is because the British government is particularly wary in the wake of the mad-cow fiasco of the 1980s and 1990s.

Answer 236

something that does not succeed, often in a way that causes embarrassment synonym disaster ex) Britain has taken an unusually cautious position, but that is because the British government is particularly wary in the wake of the mad-cow fiasco of the 1980s and 1990s. The party was a complete fiasco. What a fiasco! After the fiasco over the brochures, I decided to take charge of the marketing.

Answer 237

[intransitive, transitive] detonate (something) to explode, or to make a bomb or other device explode ex) There is currently a debate about whether it is safe to install mobile antennas in underground stations, for examples, for fear that terrorists will use mobile phones to detonate bombs.

Answer 238

[countable, uncountable] money that is paid to somebody so that they will set free a person who is being kept as a prisoner by them ex) Nobody is suggesting that alarm clocks be outlawed, however; nor does anyone suggest banning telephones, even though kidnappers can use them to make ransom demands. a ransom demand/note They are refusing to pay ransom for her release. They stole cattle for ransom.

Answer 239

to ponder something by balancing it against something. ex) Rather than demonising new technologies, their legitimate uses by good people must always be weighed against their illegitimate uses by bad ones. When I weigh your suggestion against my own ideas, I realize that I must follow my own conscience.

Answer 240

spearhead something to begin an activity or lead an attack against somebody/something ex) Wal-Mart spearheads push on radio-frequency tags, but some suppliers balk. He is spearheading a campaign for a new stadium in the town.

Answer 241

1) [intransitive] baulk (at something) to be unwilling to do something or become involved in something because it is difficult, dangerous, etc. ex) Wal-Mart spearheads push on radio-frequency tags, but some suppliers balk. Many parents may baulk at the idea of paying $100 for a pair of shoes. He baulked for a moment. ‘I can’t afford it,’ he finally admitted.

Answer 242

a very large shop/store, built on one level and located outside a town, which sells goods at low prices ex) For big-box retailers with razor-thin margins - and that's pretty much all of them - knowledge isn't just power; it's also profit.

Answer 243

a razor-thin difference in amount is very small * a very small difference between two amounts or results ex) For big-box retailers with razor-thin margins - and that's pretty much all of them - knowledge isn't just power; it's also profit. The Republican Senator won a third term by a razor-thin edge over his Democratic challenger.

Answer 244

1) [countable, usually singular, uncountable] turnover (of something) the total amount of goods or services sold by a company during a particular period of time 3) [singular] turnover (of something) the rate at which goods are sold in a shop/store and replaced by others ex) At Wal-Mart, Saturday afternoons are a peak period for high-turnover products like shampoo and toothpaste.

Answer 245

extremely important, because it will affect other things synonym critical, essential ex) While only a first step, Wal-Mart's efforts are crucial to creating a pervasive RFID system throughout corporate America by decade's end. a crucial factor/issue/decision Winning this contract is crucial to the success of the company. It is crucial that we get this right.

Answer 246

existing in all parts of a place or thing; spreading gradually to affect all parts of a place or thing ex) While only a first step, Wal-Mart's efforts are crucial to creating a pervasive RFID system throughout corporate America by decade's end.

Answer 247

2) tweak something to make slight changes to a machine, system, etc. to improve it ex) Find that out with RFID, and advertising and marketing strategies could be tweaked in response.

Answer 248

an imaginary line that goes from somebody’s eye to something that they are looking at ex) RFID tags have lots of advantages over bar codes, which are line-of-sight devices that must be seen directly by a laser to be read. There was a column directly in my line of sight, so I could only see half the stage.

Answer 249

involving everyone or everything in a company, an industry, etc. ex) The industry needs more investment across the board. an across-the-board wage increase

Answer 250

used to introduce one of two or more reasons for doing something ex) No doubt there are plenty of hurdles to overcome - for one thing, the tags don't stick too well to frozen foods like Sara Lee cheesecakes - with the biggest obstacle being figuring out how to integrate all this new information. ‘Why don't you get a car?’ ‘Well, for one thing, I can't drive!’

Answer 251

3) used to suggest that something may be even larger, more important, etc. than was first stated ex) For one thing, slapping radio tags on pallets at distribution centers is hardly a dream come true for suppliers forced by Wal-Mart to spend thousands if not millions of dollars on tags without any immediate benefit. They cost thousands if not millions of pounds to build.

Answer 252

loath to do something (formal) not willing to do something ex) The suppliers themselves are loath to express such misgivings in public.

Answer 253

[countable, usually plural, uncountable] (misgiving about something/about doing something) feelings of doubt or anxiety about what might happen, or about whether or not something is the right thing to do ex) The suppliers themselves are loath to express such misgivings in public. I had grave misgivings about making the trip.

Answer 254

3) mandate (to do something) (formal) an official order given to somebody to perform a particular task ex) According to consultancy Incucomm, Wal-Mart's top suppliers have spent just under $500,000 each to comply with the mandate - far less than the widely cited analyst estimates of $1 millions and up.

Answer 255

to introduce or start using something gradually in stages over a period of time ex) A recent poll of 90 companies conducted by an RFID trade group found that fewer than 10 percent of retailers and 40 percent of manufacturers had target dates for phasing in RFID.

Answer 256

to fail to use an opportunity to enjoy or get an advantage from something ex) If you were to wait for Intel to come up with the definitive chip or Microsoft the definitive piece of software, you would be missing out on a lot of opportunities.

Answer 257

(informal) to return, or to make somebody return, to a normal way of thinking or behaving after a time when they have been very excited, not very practical, etc. ex) Coming down to earth You have a fit of enthusiasm, John, but you must come down to earth. We can't possibly afford any of your suggestions.

Answer 258

to become healthy, successful or confident again after being ill/sick or having difficulties synonym recover ex) Um, wasn't the stock market supposed to bounce back after Wednesday's big drop?

Answer 259

to think that something means more than it really does ex) We shouldn't read too much into a couple of days' movements in stock prices. Don't read too much into what she says.

Answer 260

1) feeling worried or unhappy about a particular situation, especially because you think that something bad or unpleasant may happen or because you are not sure that what you are doing is right synonym anxious ex) But it seems that investors are suddenly feeling uneasy about the state of the economy.

Answer 261

1) (economics) the amount by which money spent or owed is greater than money earned in a particular period of time ex) In 2005, the trade deficit passed $700 billion, yet the dollar actually rose against the euro and the yen.

Answer 262

1) reassert something to make other people recognize again your right or authority to do something, after a period when this has been in doubt 2) (reassert itself) to start to have an effect again, after a period of not having any effect ex) Over the last few weeks, however, gravity seems to have started reasserting itself.

Answer 263

(informal, often humorous) the order of importance in relation to one another among the members of a group synonym hierarchy ex) New Zealand is at the top of the pecking order of rugby nations. to be first in the pecking order

Answer 264

1) having a lot of problems, especially too much work, and too little time or money ex) Finally, there are preliminary indications that consumers, hard-pressed by high gasoline prices, may be reaching their limit.

Answer 265

1) to state clearly and firmly that something is true ex) The release attacked The Times for asserting that paychecks weren't keeping up with fixed costs like medical care and gasoline.

Answer 266

1) [intransitive, transitive] flail (something) (about/around) to move around without control; to move your arms and legs around without control ex) He asked whether the number was adjusted for inflation; after flailing about, Mr. Snow admitted, sheepishly, that it wasn't. The boys flailed around on the floor. He was running along, his arms flailing wildly.

Answer 267

in a way that shows that you are embarrassed because you have done something silly or wrong synonym shamefacedly ex) He asked whether the number was adjusted for inflation; after flailing about, Mr. Snow admitted, sheepishly, that it wasn't.

Answer 268

1) negate something to stop something from having any effect synonym nullify ex) In fact, nearly all of the wage increase was negated by higher prices.

Answer 269

2) behaving well; peaceful ex) Ben Bernanke, the chairman of the Federal Reserve, contends that what's happening in the housing market is "a very orderly and moderate kind of cooling."

Answer 270

to take or use a large part of something; make advances into; make forays into; make raids on; make encroachments into; encroach upon ex) The success of Hyundai Motors' Grandeur sedan in the U.S. means it now has confidence to make inroads into the European market. All these repair bills are making huge inroads into my savings.

Answer 271

1) brace somebody/yourself (for something) | brace somebody/yourself (to do something) to prepare somebody/yourself for something difficult or unpleasant that is going to happen ex) People have become keener on bracing for the worst in the wake of the disaster. UN troops are braced for more violence. They are bracing themselves for a long legal battle.

Answer 272

(informal) used to say that you would like to have something very much ex) In Chicago, financial analyst Peter Ziv could use some help. I think we could all use a drink after that!

Answer 273

interested in buying something ex) I'm very much in the market for a broker or brokers to join our firm. I'm not in the market for a new car at the moment.

Answer 274

with a lot of energy; [figurative] [doing or making] a great amount with fury or intensity. (*Typically: cook ~; gab ~; sing ~; kick ~; talk ~.) ex) We are hiring up a storm in all areas of the business. Her dog barks up a storm every time the phone rings. They were sitting in a corner, talking up a storm. We talked up a storm until past midnight. Everyone was gabbing up a storm and didn't hear the chairman come in.

Answer 275

1) (especially British English) to employ somebody ex) Will I be able to have benefits at - on that new job that I take on? She was taken on a as a trainee.

Answer 276

[usually singular] mainstay (of something) a person or thing that is the most important part of something and enables it to exist or be successful ex) The anxiety is fueled in part by word that manufacturing, long a mainstay in the nation's economy, lost 1,000 jobs last month.

Answer 277

4) [singular] a piece of information or news ex) The anxiety is fueled in part by word that manufacturing, long a mainstay in the nation's economy, lost 1,000 jobs last month. There's been no word from them since before Christmas. She sent word that she would be late.

Answer 278

to require more money than is available; Ruin one financially, exhaust one's resources, as in I guess the price of a movie won't break the bank. This term originated in gambling, where it means that a player has won more than the banker (the house) can pay. It also may be used ironically, as above. [c. 1600]; (figurative) to use up all one's money. (Alludes to casino gambling, in the rare event when a gambler wins more money than the house has on hand.) ex) Georgia is hardly the only state to break the bank getting a large assembly plant to move in.

Answer 279

shun somebody/something to avoid somebody/something ex) They're increasingly shunned by our welfare policies. She was shunned by her family when she remarried.

Answer 280

(informal) in my personal opinion ex) We once prided ourselves in being a country of good manners in the East. If you ask me, I don't think we can force people to 'respect' the elderly.

Answer 281

to blame someone or make them responsible for a problem that you should deal with ex) But then the government isn't doing anything but trying to pass the buck.

Answer 282

1) used to say what is the right thing to do ex) They ought to be investing their money in things like education, health care. ‘Ought I to write to say thank you?’ ‘Yes, I think you ought (to).’ They ought to have apologized (= but they didn't). He oughtn't to have been driving so fast.

Answer 283

recoup something (formal) to get back an amount of money that you have spent or lost synonym recover ex) He says states give these companies tax breaks that are so enormous, there's no way the states can ever recoup the costs.

Answer 284

1) (British English high street) [countable] (especially in names) the main street of a town, where most shops/stores, banks, etc. are ex) On Main Street, a few miles from the plant site, they're ecstatic. 2) Main Street a. average businesses and households considered as a group b. the inhabitants of small US towns considered as having a narrow-minded or materialistic worldview. ex) Main Street won't be happy with this new program.

Answer 285

outweigh something to be greater or more important than something ex) They're hoping the benefits outweigh the incredible cost. The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. The advantages of this scheme more than outweigh the costs involved.

Answer 286

to be a very kind person ex) That was so nice of you, dear. You've got a heart of gold!

Answer 287

(informal) to eat too much food ex) Go ahead and pig out! They pigged out on pizza.

Answer 288

to be nervous, excited or bad-tempered ex) I guess I have been a little on edge. But these cookies are just what the doctor ordered.

Answer 289

(humorous) exactly what somebody wants or needs | ex) I guess I have been a little on edge. But these cookies are just what the doctor ordered.

Answer 290

(informal) used to emphasize how good, beautiful, etc. something is ex) Yum-yum. These are out of this world.

Answer 291

tasting very good synonym delicious ex) You could call them Susan't Scrumptious Cookies. You'd make a bundle.

Answer 292

to earn a lot of money ex) You could call them Susan't Scrumptious Cookies. You'd make a bundle.

Answer 293

an expression that means that you should praise someone who deserves it, although you might dislike some things about them ex) You know I always give credit where credit is due. I don't especially like the woman but, credit where credit's due, she's very efficient.

Answer 294

1) (describing actions in sport) done very fast or with great energy ex) The runners set off at a blistering pace. 2) extremely hot in a way that is uncomfortable synonym baking ex) a blistering July day blistering heat 3) very critical ex) We begin with a blistering day in the oil markets and on Wall Street.

Answer 295

1) almost ex) Bottom line, the combination of higher oil prices and higher short-term interest rates all but guarantee a slower growing economy in 2006.

Answer 296

a collection of things or people of very different types ex) A very dramatically mixed bag of economic news today. Thanks, Betsy. The competition entries were a very mixed bag.

Answer 297

(informal) used to show that you think a place or an activity is not very interesting or impressive because you have already experienced it ex) I'm with you on that. For one thing, you've already been there, done that. Not Spain again! Been there, done that, got the T-shirt.

Answer 298

an opportunity to do something that will only be available to you for a short time ex) We now have a window of opportunity - but without urgent action, the window will close rapidly.

Answer 299

by no matter what measure * Standard = measure means = method By all standards means according to any measure that's already established. Like your grades, according to how you stack up compared to the averages. By all means or by any means refers to how it's accomplished. Using any method that gets you there. If you were to get "A" which is excellent by all standards, meaning you were at the top compared to anyone and everyone else. You got this "A" because you were determined to excel by any means, whether it was studying hard or cheating, whatever it took. ex) By any standard, serious epidemics are underway in many countries in this region.

Answer 300

(in adjectives and adverbs) multiplied by; having the number of parts mentioned ex) In less than 10 years, there has been a nine-fold increase in the total number of people infected with HIV. to increase tenfold

Answer 301

1) a person who has recently joined the armed forces or the police ex) He spoke of us scornfully as raw recruits (= people without training or experience). The death of young people in the uniformed services or amongst potential recruits is also a grave threat to the capacity of nations to maintain internal stability or international security. 2) a person who joins an organization, a company, etc. attempts to attract new recruits to the nursing profession

Answer 302

1) [not usually before noun] (formal) very important and needing immediate attention or action synonym vital ex) These impacts together serve to make it increasingly difficult to get ahead of the epidemic - which is another imperative reason for acting early.

Answer 303

as good, bad, important, etc. as somebody/something else ex) So we must fully recognize AIDS to be one of the most serious threats to our prospects for progress and stability - it is on a par with such extraordinary threats as nuclear weaponry or global climate change.

Answer 304

an event or a situation that is a complete failure and causes embarrassment ex) D for Debacle He should take responsibility for the debacle and resign.

Answer 305

1) [usually singular] a group or collection of things or people, often one that is large or impressive ex) It appears that millions of Americans, confused by the array of competing plans or simply unaware of the cutoff date, will miss the deadline.

Answer 306

1) a point or limit when you stop something ex) It appears that millions of Americans, confused by the array of competing plans or simply unaware of the cutoff date, will miss the deadline.

Answer 307

the quality of being final and impossible to change ex) "Deadlines," he said last week, "help people understand there's finality, and people need to get after it, you know?"

Answer 308

1) get after someone/something to chase someone or something ex) "Deadlines," he said last week, "help people understand there's finality, and people need to get after it, you know?"

Answer 309

1) implicit (in something) suggested without being directly expressed ex) His real objection to extending the deadline is probably that this would be an implicit admission that his administration botched the program's start-up.

Answer 310

[usually singular] a practical example of what you should or should not do in a particular situation ex) It's also an object lesson in what happens when the government is run by people who aren't interested in the business of governing. Her calm handling of the emergency was an object lesson to us all.

Answer 311

1) a person or a company that buys goods from the company that makes them and sells them to somebody else ex) Adding drug coverage as part of ordinary Medicare would also have saved a lot of money, both by eliminating the cost of employing private insurance companies as middlemen and by allowing the government to negotiate lower drug prices.

Answer 312

그래서 결국에는 (앞의 ~~의 결과물로 ~~가 생김) ex) So what we got was a drug program set up to serve the administrations's friends and its political agenda, not the alleged beneficiaries.

Answer 313

그 문제를 논의하기 전에 ex) Before we get there, let's talk for a moment about the problems older Americans have encountered over the past few months. I don't really want to go into that.

Answer 314

(전체 중) ~퍼센트의 경우 cf) most of the time 대부분의 경우 ex) A survey by the Government Accountability Office found that when Medicare recipients asked for help in determining which plan would cover their medications at the lowest cost, they were given the right answer only 41 percent of the time.

Answer 315

6) [usually singular] arm (of something) a section of a large organization that deals with one particular activity synonym wing ex) What you've got is everything - and I mean everything - being run by the political arm.

Answer 316

the situation in which people in power give jobs to their friends * a person that somebody spends a lot of time with ex) Ideology and cronyism take complete precedence over the business of governing.

Answer 317

[uncountable] precedence (over somebody/something) the condition of being more important than somebody else and therefore coming or being dealt with first synonym priority ex) Ideology and cronyism take complete precedence over the business of governing. She had to learn that her wishes did not take precedence over other people's needs. The speakers came on to the platform in order of precedence (= the most important one first). Environmental concerns must be given precedence over commercial interest.

Answer 318

(formal) used to make a contrast between two things ex) And that's why when it comes to actual policy as opposed to politics, the Bush administration has turned out to have the reverse Midas touch. 200 attended, as opposed to 300 the previous year. This exercise develops suppleness as opposed to (= rather than) strength.

Answer 319

any dirty or unpleasant substance ex) Everything it gets its hands on, from the reconstruction of Iraq to the rescue of New Orleans, from the drug benefit to the reform of the C.I.A., turns to crud.

Answer 320

connected with the time in history before information was written down ex) There are new details tonight about a prehistoric predator that roamed the earth a hundred million years ago.

Answer 321

1) an animal that kills and eats other animals | ex) There are new details tonight about a prehistoric predator that roamed the earth a hundred million years ago.

Answer 322

[intransitive, transitive] to walk or travel around an area without any definite aim or direction synonym wander ex) There are new details tonight about a prehistoric predator that roamed the earth a hundred million years ago.

Answer 323

considered separately from other things; in its true nature ex) That in itself is striking because the common wisdom about the great meat eaters was that they hunted alone. In itself, it's not a difficult problem to solve.

Answer 324

[no passive] to move towards somebody as though you are going to attack them I think that if this guy came at you with all his friends, you wouldn't feel you had much chance of getting away.

Answer 325

3) an occasion when an organized group of people dig in the ground to discover old buildings or objects, in order to find out more about their history synonym excavation ex) Philip Currie, a Canadian scientist who worked on the dig, says an adult Mapusaurus would have been something like 43 feet from head to tail. to go on a dig an archaeological dig

Answer 326

a person, group or country that is better than all the others, especially in a situation that involves competition ex) Scientists are finding a whole new class of giant meat eaters who roamed the earth 100 million years ago. Top dogs, said one researcher, of an ancient world.

Answer 327

very early in the morning ex) You're up bright and early this morning, Susan.

Answer 328

to not be able to sleep ex) I didn't sleep a wink. I was awake all night thinking about the new business.

Answer 329

to work very hard ex) Running your own business is lots of work. Are you prepared to work like a dog?

Answer 330

(informal) used for saying that you do not believe something is likely to happen ex) You want me to run a cookie business? Fat chance! ‘They might let us in without tickets.’ ‘Fat chance of that!’

Answer 331

[only before noun] involving hard work or a lot of effort over a short period of time in order to achieve quick results ex) I'll give you a crash course. a crash diet

Answer 332

someone who is happy with their situation ex) I'll be nice. I promise you'll be a happy camper.

Answer 333

1) [transitive] to change something in order to make it suitable for a new use or situation synonym modify ex) They're clearly adapted for slicing through flesh, like a pair of scissors.

Answer 334

baffling (to somebody) causing you to feel completely confused and unable to understand ex) It has remained a baffling and often devastating disorder. Some of the country’s customs are baffling to outsiders.

Answer 335

showing caring feelings and love for somebody synonym loving ex) Children with autism do show affectionate behavior. He is very affectionate towards his children.

Answer 336

used to describe two extreme situations which are the only possible ones ex) I mean, that social behavior is not a pervasive all-or-nothing thing. an all-or-nothing decision (= one which could either be very good or very bad)

Answer 337

4) [transitive, intransitive] stall (something) to stop something from happening until a later date; to stop making progress ex) Meanwhile, in Congress, a bill mandating half a billion dollars over five years for research and treatment has been stalled in committee for a year. attempts to revive the stalled peace plan Discussions have once again stalled.

Answer 338

despite very low probability; in a most unlikely way ex) People often talk of 'against all odds.' They say someone made it against all odds. Against all odds, she managed to win the trophy.

Answer 339

a person, usually from a poor country, who comes to another richer country in order to work there ex) President Bush is punishing a guest worker program that would allow many immigrants to stay.

Answer 340

to make somebody/something more interesting or exciting ex) It is a shadow economy, brought to life every morning as the sun comes up in cities and in towns across America. Flowers can bring a dull room back to life.

Answer 341

so great, shocking or surprising that it is difficult to believe synonym astounding ex) A staggering $970 billion worth.

Answer 342

ex) From the trucks and busses carrying illegal immigrants to the fields of south Florida, to the farms of Duplin County, North Carolina, to the hardened street corners of Newark, New Jersey.

Answer 343

3) [not before noun] hooked (on something) (informal) enjoying something very much, so that you want to do it, see it, etc. as much as possible ex) 'Is America hooked on cheap labor, on illegal immigrants?' 'Of course. America is absolutely hooked on cheap labor.'

Answer 344

a thing, amount, word, etc. that is equivalent to something else ex) If we were to send back or deport all illegal workers tomorrow, it would be the equivalent of emptying New York state. * equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etc. ex) Eight kilometers is roughly equivalent to five miles. The new regulation was seen as equivalent to censorship.

Answer 345

very loud ex) In fact, he says, if you were to remove every illegal worker, you'd create an almost deafening sound heard by just about every American family, because of a real dependency on undocumented workers.

Answer 346

1) almost; very nearly 2) approximately ex) In fact, he says, if you were to remove every illegal worker, you'd create an almost deafening sound heard by just about every American family, because of a real dependency on undocumented workers.

Answer 347

a building material made of sheets of cardboard with plaster between them, used for inside walls and ceilings ex) One in four drywall installers and landscapers are undocumented.

Answer 348

someone who arranges features of the landscape or garden attractively ex) One in four drywall installers and landscapers are undocumented.

Answer 349

1) (especially North American English) to lend something to somebody, especially money ex) First he needs Susan to loan him money for a new guitar. The bank is happy to loan money to small businesses.

Answer 350

(figurative) happy and cheerful; positive and looking toward the future, despite unhappy circumstances ex) You're in good spirits today, Ted. Tom wasn't in very good spirits after he heard the bad news.

Answer 351

to talk about something for a long time without coming to the main point ex) Mom, I'm not going to beat around the bush. I need to borrow $1,000 for a new guitar.

Answer 352

(informal) to pay a lot of money for something synonym fork out (for something) ex) Ted, your father and I can't shell out that much.

Answer 353

1) to be extremely successful very quickly in a particular place or among particular people ex) We're going to take the music world by storm and make lots of money.

Answer 354

a hope or plan that is impossible to achieve or not practical ex) That sounds like a pipe dream. Aren't high school rock bands a dime a dozen?

Answer 355

very common and therefore not valuable ex) That sounds like a pipe dream. Aren't high school rock bands a dime a dozen?

Answer 356

(informal) to do something in a way that attracts a lot of attention or causes a lot of excitement ex) Yeah, but we're different. With my guitar playing and Amber's beautiful voice, we're sure to make a splash!

Answer 357

(idiomatic) that is the way things happen; that's life ex) A: How? B: You can bake cookies. B: I bet Mrs. Clapton never made Eric bake cookies, but I guess those are the breaks.

Answer 358

1) to try to persuade somebody to do something for you by being very nice to them before you ask them ex) Britain is being softened up for a revival of nuclear power. Potential customers are softened up with free gifts before the sales talk.

Answer 359

a person or thing considered unattractive, inferior, or unpleasant compared to others of the same type or group; an unpleasant or undesirable counterpart ex) Nuclear power has long been the ugly sister of the British electricity industry.

Answer 360

~할 이유가 없는 것 같다 (개인적 의견). ex) When Labour came to power in 1997, it claimed it saw no need for any more. I see no need for a teacher in preparing for the exam.

Answer 361

very disappointing; so bad that you feel disappointed or angry synonym deplorable, regrettable ex) Nuclear power has always been expensive, say the doubters, pointing to the industry's lamentable record of cost overruns, public bailouts and bad management.

Answer 362

the act of taking more time or money than was intended ex) Nuclear power has always been expensive, say the doubters, pointing to the industry's lamentable record of cost overruns, public bailouts and bad management.

Answer 363

a system that gives countries and organizations the right to produce a particular amount of carbon dioxide and other gases that cause global warming, and allows them to sell this right ex) And, says Mr. Grimston, the introduction of carbon-trading schemes should make fossil fuel generation more expensive, since companies will be forced to internalise the cost of their waste, something the nuclear industry already does - at least in theory.

Answer 364

internalize something (specialist) to make a feeling, an attitude, or a belief part of the way you think and behave ex)

Answer 365

liberalize something to make something such as a law or a political or religious system less strict * privatize something to sell a business or an industry so that it is no longer owned by the government ex) Liberalised energy markets have made firms reluctant to invest in expensive and risky nuclear plants, especially after the near-collapse of British Energy two years ago.

Answer 366

(old-fashioned or humorous) used to add a comment to something that you have said ex) The latest reactors, it says, generate only a tenth as much waste as the old ones, are cheaper to build and run, and safer to boot. He was a vegetarian, and a fussy one to boot.

Answer 367

decommission something to officially stop using weapons, a nuclear power station, etc. ex) The Royal Academy of Engineering (RAE) reckons that the new designs could generate energy for as little as 2.3p per kilowatt-hour (including construction and decommissioning costs), compared with 2.2-3.2p for fossil fuels and 3.7p for wind power.

Answer 368

(informal) if somebody/something stays put, they continue to be in the place where they are or where they have been put ex) I was told to stay put. He chose to stay put while the rest of us toured the area.