TO 7-1 Flashcards
consummatory adjective
\kən-ˈsə-mə-ˌtȯr-ē\
2) of, relating to, or being a response or act (as eating or copulating) that terminates a period of usually goal-directed behavior.
ex) That allowed us to watch participants’ consummatory behavior.
attuned adjective
BrE /əˈtjuːnd/ ; NAmE /əˈtuːnd/
[not before noun] attuned (to somebody/something) familiar with somebody/something so that you can understand or recognize them or it and act in an appropriate way
ex) And when the rich players talked about why they had inevitably won in this rigged game of Monopoly - they talked about what they’d done to buy those different properties and earn their success in the game, and they became far less attuned to all those different features of the situation, including that flip of a coin that had randomly gotten them into that privileged position in the first place.
She wasn’t yet attuned to her baby’s needs.
confederate noun
BrE /kənˈfedərət/ ; NAmE /kənˈfedərət/
1) a person who helps somebody, especially to do something illegal or secret
synonym accomplice
ex) That’s our confederate off to the left posing as a pedestrian.
Rokovssky was his confederate in the assassination plot.
농산물
produce noun
BrE /ˈprɒdjuːs/ ; NAmE /ˈprɑːduːs/ , /ˈproʊduːs/ [uncountable] things that have been made or grown, especially things connected with farming
ex) farm produce
The shop sells only fresh local produce.
It says on the label ‘Produce of France’.
a raw deal
the fact of somebody being treated unfairly
ex) If they’re allowed to get away with this, so many hard-working people are getting a raw deal in the end.
Older workers often get a raw deal.
weary adjective
BrE /ˈwɪəri/ ; NAmE /ˈwɪri/ (wearier, weariest)
- wearyingly
3) weary of something/of doing something (formal) no longer interested in or enthusiastic about something
ex) First comes grief, then outrage and then failed gun-control bills in Congress: the ritual that follows a mass shooting in America is wearyingly familiar.
Students soon grow weary of listening to a parade of historical facts.
warp speed noun
BrE ; NAmE singular
a very fast speed
(From the US television series Star Trek, in which a ‘warp drive’ allowed space travel at speeds faster than the speed of light.)
ex) After 49 people were murdered in Orlando, the cycle hit warp speed.
the Second Amendment
an amendment (= change) to the American Constitution, part of the Bill of Rights, passed in 1791. The Second Amendment gives people the right to bear arms (= to own and carry weapons). This has become an issue because of a number of recent tragic events when one armed person has shot a number of people. There is now much disagreement over what this Amendment actually means. Some people believe it only applies to the military and others that it applies to all citizens. It states: ‘A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.’
ex) There are powerful reasons for pessimism. The vetoes wielded in Congress by those who take an expansive view of gun rights is one. The prevailing interpretation of the Second Amendment is another.
all told
with all people, etc. counted and included
ex) Banned guns can be smuggled across state lines, but such laws do make it slightly harder to kill lots of people in a confined space quickly. All told, 18 states have laws mandating background checks.
There are 52 people coming, all told.
bubble up
to increase and become more obvious
ex) National policy changes often bubble up from the states. In time, gun laws may follow the same trajectory.
Tension could bubble up again at any time.
trajectory noun
BrE /trəˈdʒektəri/ ; NAmE /trəˈdʒektəri/ (pl. trajectories)(specialist)
the curved path of something that has been fired, hit or thrown into the air
ex) National policy changes often bubble up from the states. In time, gun laws may follow the same trajectory.
a missile’s trajectory
(figurative) My career seemed to be on a downward trajectory.
place noun
BrE /pleɪs/ ; NAmE /pleɪs/
7) [singular] place (in something) the role or importance of somebody/something in a particular situation, usually in relation to others
ex) The place of guns in American life is not fixed - which is why the NRA fights every proposed curb.
He is assured of his place in history.
Accurate reporting takes second place to lurid detail.
My father believed that people should know their place (= behave according to their social position).
It’s not your place (= your role) to give advice.
Anecdotes have no place in (= are not acceptable in) an academic essay.
ambulant adjective
BrE /ˈæmbjələnt/ ; NAmE /ˈæmbjələnt/
(also ambulatory)
(medical)
(of a patient) able to walk; not having to stay in bed
ex) In an opinion by Justice Stephen Breyer, the court relied on that earlier decision, Planned Parenthood v. Casey, to invalidate the requirement that abortion clinics meet the strict equipment and staffing standards of ambulatory surgical centers, and that doctors working at those clinics have admitting privileges at local hospitals.
결장경 검사 (대장 내시경)
colonoscopy [kòulənɑ́skəpi] [-nɔ́s-]
Colonoscopy is a test that allows your doctor to look at the inner lining of your large intestine (rectum and colon). He or she uses a thin, flexible tube called a colonoscope to look at the colon. A colonoscopy helps find ulcers, colon polyps, tumors, and areas of inflammation or bleeding.
ex) Texas does not, for instance, impose such standards on many riskier procedures, including colonoscopies, tonsillectomies and liposuction.
편도선 절제술
tonsillectomy [|tɑ:nsə|lektəmi] [|tɒnsə|lektəmi]
Tonsillectomy (ton-sih-LEK-tuh-me) is the surgical removal of the tonsils, two oval-shaped pads of tissue at the back of the throat — one tonsil on each side.
A tonsillectomy was once a common procedure to treat infection and inflammation of the tonsils (tonsillitis). Today, a tonsillectomy is usually performed for sleep-disordered breathing but may still be a treatment when tonsillitis occurs frequently or doesn’t respond to other treatments.
ex) Texas does not, for instance, impose such standards on many riskier procedures, including colonoscopies, tonsillectomies and liposuction.
지방 흡입술
liposuction [|laɪpoʊsʌkʃn;|lɪpoʊsʌkʃn] [|lɪpəʊsʌkʃn;|laɪ-]
Liposuction, also called lipoplasty, liposculpture suction lipectomy or lipo, is a type of cosmetic surgery which breaks up and “sucks” fat from various possible parts of the body, most commonly the abdomen, thighs, buttocks, neck, chin, upper and backs of the arms, calves and back
ex) Texas does not, for instance, impose such standards on many riskier procedures, including colonoscopies, tonsillectomies and liposuction.
dispel verb
BrE /dɪˈspel/ ; NAmE /dɪˈspel/
dispel something to make something, especially a feeling or belief, go away or disappear
ex) If there were any lingering doubt that the point of Texas’ law was to make safe and legal abortions nearly impossible to obtain, it was dispelled by the declarations of top state officials.
His speech dispelled any fears about his health.
(법) 보충 [동의] 의견
concurring opinion [kənkə́:riŋ-]
- concur verb
BrE /kənˈkɜː(r)/ ; NAmE /kənˈkɜːr/
[intransitive, transitive] concur (with somebody) (in something) | concur (with something) | concur (that…) | (+ speech) (formal) to agree
ex) As Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg wrote in a concurring opinion, “it is beyond rational belief” that the law “could genuinely protect the health of women.”
Historians have concurred with each other in this view.
The coroner concurred with this assessment.
polemic noun
BrE /pəˈlemɪk/ ; NAmE /pəˈlemɪk/ (formal)
2) [uncountable] (also polemics [plural]) the practice or skill of arguing strongly for or against something/somebody
ex) Beyond rational belief, perhaps - but not beyond the polemics of Justice Samuel Alito Jr. In a lengthy dissent, Justice Alito, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts Jr. and Justice Clarence Thomas, offered unconvincing explanations for clinic closures.
Her speech was memorable for its polemic rather than its substance.
(법) 반대 의견
dissent noun
BrE /dɪˈsent/ ; NAmE /dɪˈsent/ (formal)
2) [countable] (North American English) a judge’s statement giving reasons why he or she disagrees with a decision made by the other judges in a court case
ex) Beyond rational belief, perhaps - but not beyond the polemics of Justice Samuel Alito Jr. In a lengthy dissent, Justice Alito, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts Jr. and Justice Clarence Thomas, offered unconvincing explanations for clinic closures.
regressive adjective
BrE /rɪˈɡresɪv/ ; NAmE /rɪˈɡresɪv/
1) becoming or making something less advanced
ex) Monday’s ruling should spell the end for many if not most of these regressive, unconstitutional laws.
The policy has been condemned as a regressive step.
height noun
BrE /haɪt/ ; NAmE /haɪt/
5) [singular] the point when something is at its best or strongest
ex) If you took every nuclear weapon ever built at the height of the Cold War, lumped them together and blew them up at the same time, that would be one-millionth of the energy released at that moment.
He is at the height of his career.
She is still at the height of her powers.
I wouldn’t go there in the height of summer.
The fire reached its height around 2 a.m.
The crisis was at its height in May.
crater noun
BrE /ˈkreɪtə(r)/ ; NAmE /ˈkreɪtər/
1) a large hole in the top of a volcano
ex) We know it was that big because of the impact it had and the crater it left.
유성 (별똥별)
- 운석
meteor noun
BrE /ˈmiːtiə(r)/ ; NAmE /ˈmiːtiər/ ; BrE /ˈmiːtiɔː(r)/ ; NAmE /ˈmiːtiɔːr/
a piece of rock from outer space that makes a bright line across the night sky as it burns up while falling through the earth’s atmosphere
ex) a meteor shower
&&& shooting star noun
BrE ; NAmE
(also falling star)
a small meteor (= a piece of rock in outer space) that travels very fast and burns with a bright light as it enters the earth’s atmosphere
- meteorite noun
BrE /ˈmiːtiəraɪt/ ; NAmE /ˈmiːtiəraɪt/
a piece of rock from outer space that hits the earth’s surface
~에 대해서 좀 알려주자면
To give you a sense of scale, this is about a mile wide.
of/in the order of something(British English)
North American English on the order of
(formal) about something; approximately something
ex) The smaller ones happen more often, but probably on the order of a millennium, every few centuries or every few thousand years, but it’s still something to be aware of.
She earns something in the order of £80 000 a year.
apocalypse noun
BrE /əˈpɒkəlɪps/ ; NAmE /əˈpɑːkəlɪps/
1) [singular, uncountable] the destruction of the world
ex) Civilization is on the brink of apocalypse.
2) the Apocalypse [singular] the end of the world, as described in the Bible
ex) If you’ve heard about the Mayan 2012 apocalypse, you’re going to hear about Apophis, because you’re keyed in to all the doomsday networks anyway.
3) [singular] a situation causing very serious damage and destruction
ex) an environmental apocalypse
Add to my wordlist
key somebody to something | key something to something
[usually passive] (especially North American English) to make somebody/something suitable or appropriate for a particular purpose
synonym gear
ex) If you’ve heard about the Mayan 2012 apocalypse, you’re going to hear about Apophis, because you’re keyed in to all the doomsday networks anyway.
The classes are keyed to the needs of advanced students.
(gravitational) keyhole
A gravitational keyhole is a tiny region of space where a planet’s gravity would alter the orbit of a passing asteroid such that the asteroid would collide with that planet on a given future orbital pass. The word “keyhole” contrasts the large uncertainty of trajectory calculations (between the time of the observations of the asteroid and the first encounter with the planet) with the relatively narrow bundle(s) of critical trajectories.
ex) Now the good news is that the odds of it actually passing through this keyhole and hitting us next go-around are one in a million, roughly – very, very low odds, so I personally am not lying awake at night worrying about this at all.
go-around noun
BrE ; NAmE
(also go-round)
1) (specialist) a path taken by a plane after an unsuccessful attempt at landing, in order to get into a suitable position to try to land again
ex) Now the good news is that the odds of it actually passing through this keyhole and hitting us next go-around are one in a million, roughly – very, very low odds, so I personally am not lying awake at night worrying about this at all.
2) (North American English, informal) a disagreement or argument
nucleus noun
BrE /ˈnjuːkliəs/ ; NAmE /ˈnuːkliəs/ (pl. nuclei BrE /ˈnjuːkliaɪ/ ; NAmE /ˈnuːkliaɪ/ )
1) (physics) the part of an atom that contains most of its mass and that carries a positive electric charge (원자) 핵
2) (biology) the central part of some cells, containing the genetic material 세포핵
3) the central part of something around which other parts are located or collected 중심, 핵심
ex) In the year 2005, NASA launched a probe (무인 우주 탐사선) called Deep Impact, which slammed into – slammed a piece of itself into the nucleus of a comet.
These paintings will form the nucleus of a new collection.
혜성
comet noun
BrE /ˈkɒmɪt/ ; NAmE /ˈkɑːmət/
a mass of ice and dust that moves around the sun and looks like a bright star with a tail
ex) In the year 2005, NASA launched a probe (무인 우주 탐사선) called Deep Impact, which slammed into – slammed a piece of itself into the nucleus of a comet.
tolerance noun
BrE /ˈtɒlərəns/ ; NAmE /ˈtɑːlərəns/
3) [countable, uncountable] (specialist) the amount by which the measurement of a value can vary without causing problems
ex) You shoot a nuclear weapon at this thing, you have to blow it up within a few milliseconds of tolerance or else you’ll just miss it.
They were working to a tolerance of 0.0001 of a centimetre.
ham-fisted adjective
BrE ; NAmE
(North American English also ham-handed)
(informal)
lacking skill when using your hands or when dealing with people
synonym clumsy
ex) Now we have three years to do something else. And you can hit it again. That’s kind of ham-fisted.
his ham-fisted efforts to assist her
소행성
asteroid noun
BrE /ˈæstərɔɪd/ ; NAmE /ˈæstərɔɪd/
any one of the many small planets that go around the sun
ex) The little prince who lived on an asteroid, it was called B612.
천문학자
astronomer noun
BrE /əˈstrɒnəmə(r)/ ; NAmE /əˈstrɑːnəmər/
a scientist who studies astronomy (천문학)
ex) He created this image for this, and he’s actually one of the astronomers who works for them.
Astronomers all over the world will be observing the eclipse.
Astronomers continue to discover new stars.
빙글빙글 돌다
You don’t land on it, because these things are tumbling end over end.
plume noun
BrE /pluːm/ ; NAmE /pluːm/
1) a cloud of something that rises and curves upwards in the air
ex) It has a little tiny bit of gravity, but it’s enough that it can pull the asteroid, and you have your rockets set up, so you can – oh, you can barely see it here, but there’s rocket plumes – and you basically, these guys are connected by their own gravity, and if you move the probe very slowly, very, very gently, you can very easily finesse that rock into a safe orbit.
a plume of smoke
A radioactive plume could reach the city within hours.
A great plume of dust and ash rose from the volcano.
The waves pounded the rocks, throwing up white plumes of spray.
finesse verb
BrE /fɪˈnes/ ; NAmE /fɪˈnes/ (especially North American English)
1) finesse something to deal with something in a way that is clever but slightly dishonest
ex) to finesse a deal
2) finesse something to do something with a lot of skill or style
ex) It has a little tiny bit of gravity, but it’s enough that it can pull the asteroid, and you have your rockets set up, so you can – oh, you can barely see it here, but there’s rocket plumes – and you basically, these guys are connected by their own gravity, and if you move the probe very slowly, very, very gently, you can very easily finesse that rock into a safe orbit.
come forward
to offer your help, services, etc.
ex) But not many people would come forward even if they actually saw what really happened.
Several people came forward with information.
Police have asked witnesses of the accident to come forward.
blot something↔out
1) to cover or hide something completely
ex) Make sure you blot out the number plate or people’s faces that appear on the video.
Clouds blotted out the sun.
2) to deliberately try to forget an unpleasant memory or thought
ex) He tried to blot out the image of Helen’s sad face.
She just wanted to sleep and blot out the terrifying events of the day.
despicable adjective
BrE /dɪˈspɪkəbl/ ; NAmE /dɪˈspɪkəbl/ ; BrE /ˈdespɪkəbl/ ; NAmE /ˈdespɪkəbl/ (formal)
very unpleasant or evil
ex) Such despicable acts of crime must be harshly punished.
a despicable act/crime
I hate you! You’re despicable.
a slap on the wrist
(informal) a warning or mild punishment
ex) I believe this is happening because the authorities are giving them a slap on the wrist.
a/the world of good
if something does you a world of good, it makes you feel very happy or healthy
ex) That will do a world of good in terms of people’s health.
A holiday will do them a world of good.
A change of job would do you the world of good.
down at heel adjective
looking less attractive and fashionable than before, usually because of a lack of money
ex) Anger stirred up a winning turnout in the depressed, down-at-heel cities of England.
The town has become very down at heel.
a down-at-heel hotel
from within/without
내부에서/외부에서
ex) If they cannot find a voice within the mainstream, they will make themselves heard from without.
The power structure of the country was being threatened from within.
engender verb
BrE /ɪnˈdʒendə(r)/ ; NAmE /ɪnˈdʒendər/
engender something (formal) to make a feeling or situation exist
ex) It was liberalism’s greatest triumph, but it also engendered a narrow, technocratic politics obsessed by process.
The issue engendered controversy.
problems engendered by the restructuring of the company
The place engendered immediate feelings of friendship and belonging.
technocratic adjective
BrE /ˌteknəˈkrætɪk/ ; NAmE /ˌteknəˈkrætɪk/ [usually before noun]
having or showing expert knowledge in science, engineering, etc. and having a lot of power in politics and/or industry 기술주의의
(cf. technocracy noun
BrE /tekˈnɒkrəsi/ ; NAmE /tekˈnɑːkrəsi/ uncountable, countable —> a social or political system in which people with scientific knowledge have a lot of power
ex) It was liberalism’s greatest triumph, but it also engendered a narrow, technocratic politics obsessed by process.
a technocratic elite/society
a technocratic approach/solution
par excellence adjective
BrE /ˌpɑːr ˈeksəlɑːns/ ; NAmE /ˌpɑːr ˌeksəˈlɑːns/ (from French)
- par excellence adverb
BrE /ˌpɑːr ˈeksəlɑːns/ ; NAmE /ˌpɑːr ˌeksəˈlɑːns/ (from French)
(only used after the noun it describes) better than all the others of the same kind; a very good example of something
ex) The move to a flawed European currency, a technocratic scheme par excellence, led to stagnation and unemployment and is driving Europe apart.
She turned out to be an organizer par excellence.
- in a way that is better than all the others of the same kind; in a way that is a very good example of something
ex) Chemistry was par excellence the laboratory science of the early nineteenth century.
bamboozle verb
BrE /bæmˈbuːzl/ ; NAmE /bæmˈbuːzl/
bamboozle somebody (informal) to confuse somebody, especially by tricking them
ex) Elaborate financial instruments bamboozled regulators, crashed the world economy and ended up with taxpayer-funded bail-outs of banks, and later on, budget cuts.
Karpov bamboozled his opponent with a series of brilliant unexpected moves.
We all wondered how he had managed to bamboozle his way into such a cushy job.
preach verb
BrE /priːtʃ/ ; NAmE /priːtʃ/
2) [transitive, intransitive] to tell people about a particular religion, way of life, system, etc. in order to persuade them to accept it
ex) The right preached meritocratic self-advancement, but failed to win everyone the chance to partake in it.
to preach the word of God
He preached the virtues of capitalism to us.
She preached about the benefits of a healthy lifestyle.
partake verb
BrE /pɑːˈteɪk/ ; NAmE /pɑːrˈteɪk/ (formal)
2) [intransitive] partake (in something) (old-fashioned) to take part in an activity
ex) The right preached meritocratic self-advancement, but failed to win everyone the chance to partake in it.
They preferred not to partake in the social life of the town.
mendacious adjective
BrE /menˈdeɪʃəs/ ; NAmE /menˈdeɪʃəs/ (formal)
not telling the truth
synonym lying
ex) Mendacious campaigning mirrored by partisan media amplified the sense of betrayal.
mendacious press statements
underpinning noun
BrE /ˌʌndəˈpɪnɪŋ/ ; NAmE /ˌʌndərˈpɪnɪŋ/ [countable, uncountable]
1) (formal) something that supports or forms the basis of an argument, a claim, etc.
ex) Less obviously, the intellectual underpinnings of liberalism have been neglected.
the theoretical underpinnings of the study
parrot verb
BrE /ˈpærət/ ; NAmE /ˈpærət/
parrot somebody/something (disapproving) to repeat what somebody else has said without thinking about what it means
ex) When Mr. Trump called for protectionism this week, urging Americans to “take back control,” he was both parroting the Brexiteers and exploiting how almost no politician has been willing to make the full-throated case for trade liberalisation as a boost to prosperity rather than a cost or a concession.
full-throated
(of a voice, laugh, shout, etc) using the full range or power
ex) When Mr. Trump called for protectionism this week, urging Americans to “take back control,” he was both parroting the Brexiteers and exploiting how almost no politician has been willing to make the full-throated case for trade liberalisation as a boost to prosperity rather than a cost or a concession.
full-throated singing
pool verb
BrE /puːl/ ; NAmE /puːl/
pool something to collect money, information, etc. from different people so that it can be used by all of them
ex) While American GDP per person grew by 14% in 2001-15, median wages grew by only 2%.
The students work individually, then pool their ideas in groups of six.
Police forces across the country are pooling resources in order to solve this crime.
strike out
1) to start being independent
ex) But, as Brexit shows, when people feel they do not control their lives or share in the fruits of globalisation, they strike out.
I knew it was time I struck out on my own.
2) (North American English, informal) to fail or be unsuccessful
ex) The movie struck out and didn’t win a single Oscar.
overbearing adjective
BrE /ˌəʊvəˈbeərɪŋ/ ; NAmE /ˌoʊvərˈberɪŋ/ (disapproving)
trying to control other people in an unpleasant way
synonym domineering
ex) The distant, baffling, overbearing EU makes an irresistible target.
an overbearing parent
an overbearing manner
She found him rude and overbearing.
I wasn’t the least impressed or intimidated by her overbearing attitude.
with a vengeance
(informal) to a greater degree than is expected or usual
ex) Now that history has stormed back with a vengeance, liberalism needs to fight its ground all over again.
She set to work with a vengeance.
After two days the infection came back with a vengeance.
After a poor season last year, he’s back with a vengeance.
hector verb
BrE /ˈhektə(r)/ ; NAmE /ˈhektər/
hector somebody | + speech (formal) to try to make somebody do something by talking or behaving in an aggressive way
synonym bully
ex) The power of a hectoring, bullying, discriminatory state is a threat to human happiness.
smother verb
BrE /ˈsmʌðə(r)/ ; NAmE /ˈsmʌðər/
3) smother something to prevent something from developing or being expressed
synonym stifle
ex) In the 1970s liberals concluded that the embrace of the state had become smothering and oppressive.
to smother a yawn/giggle/grin
The voices of the opposition were effectively smothered.
oppressive adjective
BrE /əˈpresɪv/ ; NAmE /əˈpresɪv/
1) treating people in a cruel and unfair way and not giving them the same freedom, rights, etc. as other people
ex) In the 1970s liberals concluded that the embrace of the state had become smothering and oppressive.
oppressive laws
an oppressive regime
The political situation has grown increasingly oppressive.
aide noun
BrE /eɪd/ ; NAmE /eɪd/
a person who helps another person, especially a politician, in their job
ex) When Margaret Thatcher was prime minister, amid the triumph of Soviet collapse, an aide slipped Mr. Fukuyama’s essay on history into her papers.
White House aides
rallying cry noun
a phrase or an idea that is used to encourage people to support somebody/something
ex) Never take history for granted, she said. Never let up. For liberals today that must be the rallying cry.
