TO 10-2 Flashcards
chap noun
BrE /tʃæp/ ; NAmE /tʃæp/ (British English, informal, becoming old-fashioned)
used to talk about a man in a friendly way
ex) So, this chap here, he thinks he can tell you the future.
He isn’t such a bad chap really.
Come on, chaps, let’s go for a drink!
fluke noun
BrE /fluːk/ ; NAmE /fluːk/ usually singular
a lucky or unusual thing that happens by accident, not because of planning or skill
ex) I don’t believe in precognition, and every now and then, you hear that somebody has been able to predict something that happened in the future, and that’s probably because it was a fluke, and we only hear about the flukes and about the freaks.
They are determined to show that their last win was no fluke.
It was a sheer fluke that no one was hurt in the bomb blast.
a fluke goal
precognition noun
BrE /ˌpriːkɒɡˈnɪʃn/ ; NAmE /ˌpriːkɑːɡˈnɪʃn/ uncountable
the knowledge that something will happen in the future, which somebody has because of a dream or a sudden feeling
ex) I don’t believe in precognition, and every now and then, you hear that somebody has been able to predict something that happened in the future, and that’s probably because it was a fluke, and we only hear about the flukes and about the freaks.
flesh and blood
when you say that somebody is flesh and blood, you mean that they are a normal human with needs, emotions and weaknesses
ex) It also happens in the very real, flesh and blood of academic medicine.
Listening to the cries was more than flesh and blood could stand.
부정맥
항부정맥약
During an arrhythmia, the heart can beat too fast, too slow, or with an irregular rhythm. A heartbeat that is too fast is called tachycardia (TAK-ih-KAR-de-ah). A heartbeat that is too slow is called bradycardia (bray-de-KAR-de-ah). Most arrhythmias are harmless, but some can be serious or even life threatening.
ex) So in 1980, some researchers did a study on a drug called lorcainide, and this was an anti-arrhythmic drug, a drug that suppresses abnormal heart rhythms, and the idea was, after people have had a heart attack, they’re quite likely to have abnormal heart rhythms, so if we give them a drug that suppresses abnormal heart rhythms, this will increase the chances of them surviving.
mea culpa exclamation
BrE /ˌmeɪə ˈkʊlpə/ ; NAmE /ˌmeɪə ˈkʊlpə/ (from Latin, often humorous)
used when you are admitting that something is your fault
ex) Now actually, in 1993, the researchers who did that 1980 study, that early study, published a mea culpa, an apology to the scientific community, in which they said, “When we carried out our study in 1980, we thought that the increased death rate that occurred in the lorcainide group was an effect of chance.”
publication bias
Publication bias is a type of bias occurring in published academic research. It occurs when the outcome of an experiment or research study influences the decision whether to publish (or otherwise distribute) it. Publication bias is of interest because literature reviews of claims about support for a hypothesis or values for a parameter will themselves be biased if the original literature is contaminated by publication bias. While some preferences are desirable—for instance a bias against publication of flawed studies—a tendency of researchers and journal editors to prefer some outcomes rather than others (e.g., results showing a significant finding) leads to a problematic bias in the published literature. 출판 편향
ex) The development of lorcainide was abandoned for commercial reasons, and this study was never published; it’s now a good example of publication bias.
all but
1) almost
ex) The party was all but over when we arrived.
It was all but impossible to read his writing.
2) everything or everyone except something/somebody
ex) Only three of the negative trials were published, but all but one of the positive trials were published.
All but one of the plates were damaged.
write-up noun
an article in a newspaper or magazine in which somebody writes what they think about a new book, play, product, etc.
ex) And when they started obtaining the writeups of those trials through various different means, through Freedom of Information Act requests, through harassing various different organizations, what they found was inconsistent.
The performance got a good write-up in the local press.
rendition noun
BrE /renˈdɪʃn/ ; NAmE /renˈdɪʃn/
1) [countable] the performance of something, especially a song or piece of music; the particular way in which it is performed
synonym interpretation
ex) The band gave a live rendition of their latest single.
2) (also extraordinary rendition) [uncountable] (especially in the US) the practice of sending foreign suspects to be questioned in another country where the laws about the treatment of prisoners are less strict
ex) And when they tried to get a hold of the clinical study reports, the 10,000-page long documents that have the best possible rendition of the information, they were told they weren’t allowed to have them.
They claimed that there had been rendition flights via Scotland.
The move was an attempt to legalize extraordinary rendition.
mole noun
BrE /məʊl/ ; NAmE /moʊl/
2) a small dark brown mark on the skin, sometimes slightly higher than the skin around it
ex) Think of Marilyn Monroe’s or Scarlett johansson’s mole.
전 세계적인 유행병이 될 위험성이 뒤늦게서야 인식되면서, 엄청난 공포와 통제되지 않은 반응들을 불러일으켰습니다.
Only belatedly have the risks of a global pandemic been recognized, causing much panic and uncoordinated response.
하지만 이러한 간섭은 불리한 조건이라기 보다는 문제처럼 보이지만 실은 뜻밖의 좋은 결과를 가져다 주는 것에 가깝다.
But this interference isn’t so much a handicap as a blessing in disguise.
이러한 맥락에서 ~이렇다.
So it is in this context that I feel sorry to see so many foreign words around us these days.
정부가 앞장서야 하며 국민들도 함께 노력해야 한다.
The government must take the lead, and the citizens must join the efforts.
주성분, 유효 성분
An active ingredient (AI) is the ingredient in a pharmaceutical drug that is biologically active. The similar terms active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and bulk active are also used in medicine, and the term active substance may be used for natural products.
ex) A report conducted for the National Assembly shows, the prescriptions for the active ingredient in ADHD drugs went down by 10%, but the number grew more than 10% among adolescents ages 16~18.
장기간 복용하면 같은 효과를 보기 위해 더욱 더 많은 양을 필요로 하게 된다.
It you’re on it long term, you need more and more doses to feel the same effect.
끊는 게 거의 불가능해진다.
It becomes almost impossible to get off of it (=wean yourself off of it).
부모가 제일 문제다.
I believe the biggest blame should go to the parents.
그게 세상 돌아가는 방식이라고 하는 사람들도 있을지 모르겠다.
Some might say that’s how the world works.
bonhomie noun
BrE /ˈbɒnəmi/ ; NAmE /ˌbɑːnəˈmiː/ uncountable
a feeling of cheerful friendship
ex) Local etiquette also creates a sense of obligation among relatives (however distant), former schoolmates or even people from the same home town, another source of bonhomie.
There was a casual bonhomie between the actors at rehearsals.
하지만 예의를 차리는 것과 뇌물 수수를 구분짓는 것은 좀 애매모호할 수 있습니다.
But the distinction between courtesy and bribery can be fuzzy.
stump verb
BrE /stʌmp/ ; NAmE /stʌmp/
1) [transitive, usually passive] stump somebody (informal) to ask somebody a question that is too difficult for them to answer or give them a problem that they cannot solve
synonym baffle
ex) The new anti-corruption law does away with the need to prove an explicit link between a gift and a favour, which had often stumped prosecutors.
I’m stumped. I don’t know how they got here before us.
Farmers are aware of the problem but are stumped by what to do about it.
Kate was stumped for words (= unable to answer).
부정행위를 한 사람들에게는 벌금 및 징역이 처해질 것입니다.
Fines and jail time await wrongdoers.