TO 10-1 Flashcards
plagiarism noun
BrE /ˈpleɪdʒərɪzəm/ ; NAmE /ˈpleɪdʒərɪzəm/ uncountable, countable
an act of plagiarizing something; something that has been plagiarized
- plagiarize verb
(British English also -ise)
BrE /ˈpleɪdʒəraɪz/ ; NAmE /ˈpleɪdʒəraɪz/
[transitive, intransitive] plagiarize (something) (disapproving) to copy another person’s ideas, words or work and pretend that they are your own
ex) We have a high-profile journalist caught for plagiarism, a young superstar writer whose book involves so many made up quotes that they’ve pulled it from the shelves; a New York Times exposé on fake book reviews.
There were accusations of plagiarism.
a text full of plagiarisms
exposé noun
BrE /ekˈspəʊzeɪ/ ; NAmE /ˌekspoʊˈzeɪ/
an account of the facts of a situation, especially when these are shocking or have deliberately been kept secret; a story in a newspaper or on television that tells the truth about a person or situation, usually with the intention of shocking or surprising you
ex) We have a high-profile journalist caught for plagiarism, a young superstar writer whose book involves so many made up quotes that they’ve pulled it from the shelves; a New York Times exposé on fake book reviews.
a damning exposé of police corruption
centrality noun
BrE /senˈtræləti/ ; NAmE /senˈtræləti/ uncountable
the fact of being the most important or a very important part of something
ex) It’s this pervasiveness, combined with the centrality to what it means to be a human, the fact that we can tell the truth or make something up, that has fascinated people throughout history.
the centrality of the family as a social institution
공자
Confucius /kənˈfjuːʃəs/
Confucius was an ancient Chinese thinker known for saying wise things.
ex) And we have Confucius in the East who was really concerned with sincerity, not only that you walked the walk or talked the talk, but that you believed in what you were doing.
- Confucian adjective
BrE /kənˈfjuːʃən/ ; NAmE /kənˈfjuːʃən/ [usually before noun]
based on or believing the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius
디오게네스
Diogenes of Sinope (/daɪˈɒdʒəˌniːz/; Greek: Διογένης ὁ Σινωπεύς, Diogenēs ho Sinōpeus) was a Greek philosopher and one of the founders of Cynic philosophy. Also known as Diogenes the Cynic (Ancient Greek: Διογένης ὁ Κυνικός, Diogenēs ho Kunikos), he was born in Sinope (modern-day Sinop, Turkey), an Ionian colony on the Black Sea, in 412 or 404 BC and died at Corinth in 323 BC.
ex) Here we have Diogenes with his lantern. Does anybody know what he was looking for? A single honest man, and he died without finding one back in Greece.
concern verb
BrE /kənˈsɜːn/ ; NAmE /kənˈsɜːrn/
2) concern something (also be concerned with something) to be about something
ex) And we have Confucius in the East who was really concerned with sincerity, not only that you walked the walk or talked the talk, but that you believed in what you were doing.
The story concerns the prince’s efforts to rescue Pamina.
The book is primarily concerned with Soviet-American relations during the Cold War.
This chapter concerns itself with the historical background.
One major difference between these computers concerns the way in which they store information.
dead zone noun
3) a place where a mobile/cell phone does not work because no signal can be received
ex) “Sorry I didn’t respond to you earlier. My battery was dead.” Your battery wasn’t dead. You weren’t in a dead zone.
애매성, 애매모호함
cf. 양가감정
ambiguity noun
BrE /ˌæmbɪˈɡjuːəti/ ; NAmE /ˌæmbɪˈɡjuːəti/ (pl. ambiguities)
1) [uncountable] the state of having more than one possible meaning
ex) They use ambiguity that comes from using technology.
Write clear definitions in order to avoid ambiguity.
A lot of humour depends on ambiguity.
- ambivalence noun
BrE /æmˈbɪvələns/ ; NAmE /æmˈbɪvələns/ [uncountable, singular]ambivalence (about/towards somebody/something)
the fact of having or showing both good and bad feelings about somebody/something
ex) There was ambivalence among church members about women becoming priests.
Many people feel some ambivalence towards television and its effect on our lives.
astroturf
Astroturfing is the practice of masking the sponsors of a message or organization (e.g., political, advertising, religious or public relations) to make it appear as though it originates from and is supported by a grassroots participant(s).
- AstroTurf™ noun
BrE /ˈæstrəʊtɜːf/ ; NAmE /ˈæstroʊtɜːrf/ [uncountable]
an artificial surface that looks like grass, for playing sports on
ex) Chinese Water Army refers to thousands of people in China that are paid small amounts of money to produce content. In North America, we call this Astroturfing, and Astroturfing is very common now.
knock/throw somebody for a loop
(North American English, informal) to shock or surprise somebody
ex) And it really throws people for a loop because we think, well, there’s no nonverbal cues, so why don’t you lie more?
The result of the election knocked most people for a loop.
내 친구들이 그렇게 잘나고 그렇게 멋진 인생을 산다고? 말도 안 돼.
My friends, no way they can be that cool and have good of a life.
사선의, 대각선의
diagonal adjective
BrE /daɪˈæɡənl/ ; NAmE /daɪˈæɡənl/
(of a straight line) at an angle; joining two opposite sides of something at an angle
diagonal stripes
ex) Along the y-axis, the vertical axis, is how tall they actually were. That diagonal line is the truth line.
10분의 9인치
(수치) 엄청 올렸네
In fact, they lied about their height about nine tenths of an inch, what we say in the lab as “strong rounding up.”
blow somebody↔away (informal, especially North American English)
2) to impress somebody a lot or to make them very happy
ex) But the research over the last 50 years says there’s actually no reliable cue to deception, which blew me away, and it’s one of the hard lessons that I learned when I was customs officer.
dilate verb
BrE /daɪˈleɪt/ ; NAmE /daɪˈleɪt/ [intransitive, transitive]
to become or to make something larger, wider or more open
opposite contract
ex) Some situations, yes – high stakes, maybe their pupils dilate, their pitch goes up, their body movements change a little bit, but not all the time, not for everybody, it’s not reliable.
Her eyes dilated with fear.
dilated pupils/nostrils
Red wine can help to dilate blood vessels.
Horses sometimes dilate their nostrils when anxious.
The patient’s pupils were dilated.
utterance noun
BrE /ˈʌtərəns/ ; NAmE /ˈʌtərəns/ (formal)
1) [uncountable] the act of expressing something in words
ex) to give utterance to your thoughts
2) [countable] something that you say
ex) So what that means is that all the people before there was any writing, every word that they ever said, every utterance disappeared.
one of her few recorded public utterances
evanescent adjective
BrE /ˌiːvəˈnesnt/ ; NAmE usually /ˌevəˈnesnt/ , /ˌiːvəˈnesnt/ (literary)
disappearing quickly from sight or memory
ex) So what that means is that all the people before there was any writing, every word that they ever said, every utterance disappeared. No trace. Evanescent. Gone.
Talk is evanescent, writing leaves footprints.
flux noun
BrE /flʌks/ ; NAmE /flʌks/
1) [uncountable] continuous movement and change
ex) We’re entering this amazing period of flux in human evolution where we’ve evolved to speak in a way in which our words disappear, but we’re in an environment where we’re recording everything.
Our society is in a state of flux.
2) [countable, usually singular, uncountable] (specialist) a flow; an act of flowing
ex) a flux of neutrons
아리스토텔레스가 말하기를 행복이 “최고선” 이며 모든 다른 것들이 지향하는 궁극의 목적이라고 했습니다.
Aristotle called happiness “the chief good,” the end towards which all other things aim.
disentangle verb
BrE /ˌdɪsɪnˈtæŋɡl/ ; NAmE /ˌdɪsɪnˈtæŋɡl/
1) disentangle something (from something) to separate different arguments, ideas, etc. that have become confused
ex) How could we ever disentangle these two possibilities?
It’s not easy to disentangle the truth from the official statistics.
It is important to disentangle all the factors that may be causing your stress.
trying to disentangle fact from fiction
트럭이 바로 뒤에 쫓아오고 있어서 피할 수가 없었다.
But I was going at 80km an hour, and I saw a truck coming right behind me. I couldn’t steer clear of it.
혹, 튀어나온 부분
One of the tires had a huge hump on it.
시야에 들어오다
come into sight
come within sight
고속도로 주행 중에 타이어 펑크났으면 어쩔뻔 했을까.
What if I was driving on a highway, and the tire went flat?
하나로 통일시키는 건 옛날에나 그랬지.
One-size-fits-all has become a thing of the past.
아이들 머리 길이 단속하는 것은 아무런 도움이 되질 않아.
Checking the length of kids’ hair serves no purpose.
짧은 머리가 학교나 학생 자신들에게 대체 무슨 도움이 되는 거야?
What good does short hair do to the school or students themselves?
청소년들은 한창 외모에 관심갖기 시작할 때지.
Adolescents are the ones who begin to care more about how they look.
딴 데 볼 것도 없이 필리핀 사정만 보면 알 수 있습니다.
If you need evidence, look no further than the Philippines.
쌀 부족으로 인한 부족분을 메울 수 있는 대체 작물을 개발해야 한다.
What’s urgently needed is to come up with crops other than rice that can pick up the slack left by the rice shortages.
eloquently adverb
BrE /ˈeləkwəntli/ ; NAmE /ˈeləkwəntli/
1) in a way that uses language and expresses your opinions well, especially when you are speaking in public
ex) John Bright, a newly elected MP, spoke eloquently on the merits of abolishing duties on imported food, echoing arguments made in The Economist, a fledgling newspaper.
She spoke eloquently on the subject.
fledgling noun
(British English also fledgeling)
BrE /ˈfledʒlɪŋ/ ; NAmE /ˈfledʒlɪŋ/
2) (usually before another noun) a person, an organization or a system that is new and without experience
ex) John Bright, a newly elected MP, spoke eloquently on the merits of abolishing duties on imported food, echoing arguments made in The Economist, a fledgling newspaper.
fledgling democracies
(선거, 정당 지지 등을 위한) 유세를 하다
canvass verb
BrE /ˈkænvəs/ ; NAmE /ˈkænvəs/
1) [intransitive, transitive] to ask somebody to support a particular person, political party, etc., especially by going around an area and talking to people
ex) Mr. Bright told his audience that when canvassing, he had explained “how stonemasons, shoemakers, carpenters and every kind of artisan suffered if the trade of the country was restricted.” His speech in Liverpool was roundly cheered.
He spent the whole month canvassing for votes.
Party workers are busy canvassing local residents.
석수, 석공
stonemason noun
BrE /ˈstəʊnmeɪsn/ ; NAmE /ˈstoʊnmeɪsn/
a person whose job is cutting and preparing stone for buildings
ex) Mr. Bright told his audience that when canvassing, he had explained “how stonemasons, shoemakers, carpenters and every kind of artisan suffered if the trade of the country was restricted.” His speech in Liverpool was roundly cheered.
roundly adverb
BrE /ˈraʊndli/ ; NAmE /ˈraʊndli/
strongly or by a large number of people
ex) Mr. Bright told his audience that when canvassing, he had explained “how stonemasons, shoemakers, carpenters and every kind of artisan suffered if the trade of the country was restricted.” His speech in Liverpool was roundly cheered.
The report has been roundly criticized.
They were roundly defeated (= they lost by a large number of points).
~의 신임을 떨어뜨리며
To her discredit, Hilary Clinton now denounces the TPP, a pact she helped negotiate.
맹비난하다
3) [transitive] slam somebody/something (used especially in newspapers) to criticize somebody/something very strongly
ex) Big businesses are slammed for using foreign boltholes to dodge taxes.
The government has been slammed for failing to take firm action against drinking and driving.
bolthole noun
BrE /ˈbəʊlthəʊl/ ; NAmE /ˈboʊlthoʊl/ (British English)
a place that you can escape to, for example when you are in a difficult situation; a place where you can hide or where you can go in order to be alone
ex) Big businesses are slammed for using foreign boltholes to dodge taxes.
He felt he needed a bolthole where he could get away from the pressures of city life.
이것보다 더 틀릴 수도 없다.
The idea that globalisation is a scam that benefits only corporations and the rick could scarcely be more wrong.
그에 반해 보호주의는 소비자들에게 해악이 되고 노동자들에게도 도움이 되는 게 거의 없다.
Protectionism, by contrast, hurts consumers and does little for workers.
뒤늦게서야 깨달은 것은,
With hindsight, politicians in Britain were too blithe about the pressures that migration from new EU member states in eastern Europe brought to bear on public services.
blithe adjective
BrE /blaɪð/ ; NAmE /blaɪð/ [usually before noun]
1) (disapproving) showing you do not care or are not anxious about what you are doing
ex) With hindsight, politicians in Britain were too blithe about the pressures that migration from new EU member states in eastern Europe brought to bear on public services.
He drove with blithe disregard for the rules of the road.
bring something to bear (on somebody/something)
(formal) to use energy, pressure, influence, etc. to try to achieve something or make somebody do something
ex) With hindsight, politicians in Britain were too blithe about the pressures that migration from new EU member states in eastern Europe brought to bear on public services.
We must bring all our energies to bear upon the task.
Pressure was brought to bear on us to finish the work on time.
the ebb and flow (of something/somebody)
the repeated, often regular, movement from one state to another; the repeated change in level, numbers or amount
ex) And although there are no street protests about the speed and fickleness in the tides of short-term capital, its ebb and flow across borders have often proved damaging, not least in the euro zone’s debt-ridden countries.
the ebb and flow of the seasons
She sat in silence enjoying the ebb and flow of conversation.
He had known her long enough to recognize the ebb and flow of her moods.
signatory noun
BrE /ˈsɪɡnətri/ ; NAmE /ˈsɪɡnətɔːri/ (pl. signatories)
signatory (to/of something) (formal) a person, a country or an organization that has signed an official agreement 서명인, 조인국
ex) Many see the rules that bind signatories to trade pacts as an affront to democracy.
a signatory of the Declaration of Independence
Many countries are signatories to/of the Berne Convention.
affront noun
BrE /əˈfrʌnt/ ; NAmE /əˈfrʌnt/
[usually singular] affront (to somebody/something) a remark or an action that insults or offends somebody/something
ex) Many see the rules that bind signatories to trade pacts as an affront to democracy.
His speech was an affront to many in the local community.
This remark caused affront to many people.
harem noun
BrE /ˈhɑːriːm/ , /ˈhɑːrəm/ ; NAmE /ˈhærəm/
1) the women or wives belonging to a rich man, especially in some Muslim societies in the past
2) the separate part of a traditional Muslim house where the women live
ex) And you’ve got to a lot of cows, a lot of goats, a lot of money, a lot of land, in order to build a harem.
primitive adjective
BrE /ˈprɪmətɪv/ ; NAmE /ˈprɪmətɪv/
4) [usually before noun] (of a feeling or a desire) very strong and not based on reason, as if from the earliest period of human life
ex) Unchained from the great threat of pregnancy and social ruin, women could finally express their primitive and primal sexuality.
a primitive instinct
primal adjective
BrE /ˈpraɪml/ ; NAmE /ˈpraɪml/ only before noun
connected with the earliest origins of life; very basic
synonym primeval
ex) Unchained from the great threat of pregnancy and social ruin, women could finally express their primitive and primal sexuality.
the primal hunter-gatherer
a primal urge/fear
parade verb
BrE /pəˈreɪd/ ; NAmE /pəˈreɪd/
5) [intransitive, transitive] to pretend to be, or to make somebody/something seem to be, good or important when they are not
ex) When you sit down in a bar, in a coffee house, on a park bench, your ancient brain snaps into action like a sleeping cat awakened, and you smile and laugh and listen and parade the way our ancestors did 100,000 years ago.
myth parading as fact
He paraded himself as a loyal supporter of the party.
대인 관계 기술
people skill
People skills are patterns of behavior and behavior interactions, among people; it is an umbrella term for skills under three related set of abilities: personal effectiveness, interaction skills, and intercession skills. This is an area of exploration about how a person behaves and how they are perceived irrespective of their thinking and feeling.
ex) They go for somebody who’s high estrogen, somebody who’s got very good verbal skills and people skills, who’s very intuitive and who’s very nurturing and emotionally expressive.
- people person noun
BrE ; NAmE (informal)
a person who enjoys, and is good at, being with and talking to other people
inaction noun
BrE /ɪnˈækʃn/ ; NAmE /ɪnˈækʃn/ uncountable
lack of action; the state of doing nothing about a situation or a problem
ex) We feel guilty about our silence and inaction yet our awkwardness keeps us muzzled.
The police were accused of inaction in the face of a possible attack.
They have accused the government of inaction on the issue of railway safety.
hew verb
BrE /hjuː/ ; NAmE /hjuː/
present simple I / you / we / they hew BrE /hjuː/ ; NAmE /hjuː/
he / she / it hews BrE /hjuːz/ ; NAmE /hjuːz/
past simple hewed BrE /hjuːd/ ; NAmE /hjuːd/
past participle hewed BrE /hjuːd/ ; NAmE /hjuːd/
past simple hewn BrE /hjuːn/ ; NAmE /hjuːn/
past participle hewn BrE /hjuːn/ ; NAmE /hjuːn/
-ing form hewing BrE /ˈhjuːɪŋ/ ; NAmE /ˈhjuːɪŋ/
2) (formal) to make or shape something large by cutting; to shape (something) by cutting with a sharp tool (such as an ax)
ex) We are losing what we have known, what thousands of years of human experience have hewn into effective and vital practices.
roughly hewn timber frames
The statues were hewn out of solid rock.
They hewed a path through the forest.
The cave has been hewn out of the hillside.
intersperse verb
BrE /ˌɪntəˈspɜːs/ ; NAmE /ˌɪntərˈspɜːrs/
be interspersed with/in something to put something in something else or among or between other things
ex) It wasn’t anything her friend said; it was having the chance to tell the stories, to dwell on the details where her cherished moments had gotten interspersed with her regrets.
Lectures will be interspersed with practical demonstrations.
Interspersed in the narrative are the personal stories of several important women architects.
a scattering of alpine flowers interspersed among crags of weathered rock
a series of short films, liberally interspersed with commercial breaks
travail noun
BrE /ˈtræveɪl/ ; NAmE /ˈtræveɪl/ ; BrE /trəˈveɪl/ ; NAmE /trəˈveɪl/ uncountable, plural
an unpleasant experience or situation that involves a lot of hard work, difficulties and/or suffering
ex) By phone or in person, we have to be willing to enter into another’s travail, to feel what is there - not to try to fix it or to say something wise but just to take it in and to trust in the power of this kind of presence.
the travails of life in post-war Britain
interlude noun
BrE /ˈɪntəluːd/ ; NAmE /ˈɪntərluːd/
1) a period of time between two events during which something different happens
ex) I think back on awful interludes of my own and how reassuring it was to have another person occupy that desolate place along with me, to sit with me and breathe the same air.
a romantic interlude (= a short romantic relationship)
Apart from a brief interlude of peace, the war lasted nine years.
desolate adjective
BrE /ˈdesələt/ ; NAmE /ˈdesələt/
1) (of a place) empty and without people, making you feel sad or frightened
ex) I think back on awful interludes of my own and how reassuring it was to have another person occupy that desolate place along with me, to sit with me and breathe the same air.
a bleak and desolate landscape
2) very lonely and unhappy
synonym forlorn
ex) The thought that her husband did not want the baby made her feel utterly desolate.
befall verb
BrE /bɪˈfɔːl/ ; NAmE /bɪˈfɔːl/
present simple I / you / we / they befall BrE /bɪˈfɔːl/ ; NAmE /bɪˈfɔːl/
he / she / it befalls BrE /bɪˈfɔːlz/ ; NAmE /bɪˈfɔːlz/
past simple befell BrE /bɪˈfel/ ; NAmE /bɪˈfel/
past participle befallen BrE /bɪˈfɔːlən/ ; NAmE /bɪˈfɔːlən/
-ing form befalling BrE /bɪˈfɔːlɪŋ/ ; NAmE /bɪˈfɔːlɪŋ/
something befalls somebody (used only in the third person) (literary) (of something unpleasant) to happen to somebody
ex) It has taken me years to honor my speechlessness, to accept that the silence that has befallen me usually means something.
They were unaware of the fate that was to befall them.
trite adjective
BrE /traɪt/ ; NAmE /traɪt/
(of a remark, an opinion, etc.) dull and boring because it has been expressed so many times before; not original
synonym banal
ex) If I can’t find the right words, if everything I might say seems trite or widely off the mark, I remind myself that the situation may be beyond words and that this just might be the right time for listening.
be off the mark
not to be accurate in a guess, statement, etc.
ex) If I can’t find the right words, if everything I might say seems trite or widely off the mark, I remind myself that the situation may be beyond words and that this just might be the right time for listening.
No, you’re way off the mark.
이미 급속한 확산세를 보이고 있었다.
National statistics reveal that the average American is fifteen pounds (or more) heavier than in the 1980s and 90s, when obesity was already at epidemic proportions.
하지만 우리가 속담에도 나오는 그 군살을 없애기 위해 뭘하든 제대로 되진 않습니다.
But whatever we’re doing to battle the proverbial bulge, isn’t working for us.
spout verb
BrE /spaʊt/ ; NAmE /spaʊt/
3) [intransitive, transitive] (informal, disapproving) to speak a lot about something; to repeat something in a boring or annoying way
ex) Some of the classic healthy eating rules that nutritionists have been spouting to home cooks for decades are similar: “Don’t go food shopping when you’re hungry.” and “Make a grocery list at home, and stick to it when you get to the supermarket.”
He’s always spouting off about being a vegetarian.
What are you spouting on about now?
He could spout poetry for hours.
She could do nothing but spout insults.
The article was full of the usual clichés spouted by fashion editors.
병역 기피자
draft dodger noun
BrE ; NAmE (North American English, disapproving)
a person who illegally tries to avoid doing military service
- dodge the draft
철면피, 염치없고 뻔뻔스러운
shameless brazen brazenfaced (adj) / brazenface (n) barefaced bald-faced
ex) What kind of a celebrity could be so shameless?
~ 형량을 받다.
face a jail time of (up to)~
face a fine of (up to)~
is sentenced to ~ years in prison
face a ~ -year prison sentence
ex) The law says forging ID cards is punishable by up to a 10 year prison sentence or a fine of up to 10 million won.
wayward adjective
BrE /ˈweɪwəd/ ; NAmE /ˈweɪwərd/ (formal)
difficult to control
synonym headstrong
ex) That means some wayward teens are getting innocent people in trouble too.
a wayward child
wayward emotions
미성년자
underage kids
minors
법적 구속력이 있다/없다
But this is just a recommendation and not legally binding.
법적 효력을 갖게 해야 한다.
I think we should give it the force of law.
상황이 이렇게 안 좋을 때~
When things are as bad as these,
~ 하지 않도록 신경쓰다.
It recommends that the media take care not to make a big issue out of any suicide cases and to report more on how bad a decision suicide really is.
expendable adjective
BrE /ɪkˈspendəbl/ ; NAmE /ɪkˈspendəbl/ (formal)
if you consider people or things to be expendable, you think that you can get rid of them when they are no longer needed, or think it is acceptable if they are killed or destroyed
synonym dispensable
ex) Seeking to make Earth expendable is not a good reason to settle other planets
Soldiers in the ordinary ranks were considered expendable.
It is a sad moment when you realize you are expendable in your job.
spasm noun
BrE /ˈspæzəm/ ; NAmE /ˈspæzəm/
1) [countable, uncountable] a sudden and often painful contracting of a muscle, which you cannot control 경련, 쥐
ex) a muscle spasm
The injection sent his leg into spasm.
2) [countable] spasm (of something) a sudden strong feeling or reaction that lasts for a short time 발작(적인 감정, 반응)
ex) In “The Martian Chronicles” Ray Bradbury pictured humans living among Martian ghosts seeing Earth destroyed in a nuclear spasm.
a spasm of anxiety/anger/coughing/pain, etc.
enthral verb(British English)
(North American English enthrall)
BrE /ɪnˈθrɔːl/ ; NAmE /ɪnˈθrɔːl/
present simple I / you / we / they enthral BrE /ɪnˈθrɔːl/ ; NAmE /ɪnˈθrɔːl/
(North American English) present simple I / you / we / they enthrall BrE /ɪnˈθrɔːl/ ; NAmE /ɪnˈθrɔːl/
he / she / it enthrals BrE /ɪnˈθrɔːlz/ ; NAmE /ɪnˈθrɔːlz/
(North American English) he / she / it enthralls BrE /ɪnˈθrɔːlz/ ; NAmE /ɪnˈθrɔːlz/
past simple enthralled BrE /ɪnˈθrɔːld/ ; NAmE /ɪnˈθrɔːld/
past participle enthralled BrE /ɪnˈθrɔːld/ ; NAmE /ɪnˈθrɔːld/
-ing form enthralling BrE /ɪnˈθrɔːlɪŋ/ ; NAmE /ɪnˈθrɔːlɪŋ/
[transitive, intransitive, usually passive] enthral (somebody) if something enthrals you, it is so interesting, beautiful, etc. that you give it all your attention
synonym entrance2
ex) But as a vision, its ambition enthralls.
The child watched, enthralled by the bright moving images.
This book will enthral readers of all ages.
The children listened enthralled as the storyteller unfolded her tale.
They were enthralled with the play.
collywobbles noun
BrE /ˈkɒliwɒblz/ ; NAmE /ˈkɑːliwɑːblz/ plural
1) a nervous feeling of fear and worry
ex) Stephen Hawking, a noted physicist, is one of those given to such fits of the collywobbles.
2) a pain in the stomach
sitting duck noun
BrE ; NAmE
(also sitting target)
a person or thing that is easy to attack
ex) If humans stick to a single planet, he warns, they will be sitting ducks for a supervirus, a malevolent artificial intelligence or a nuclear war that could finish off the whole lot of them at any time.
Its location makes the island a sitting duck for attackers.
malevolent adjective
BrE /məˈlevələnt/ ; NAmE /məˈlevələnt/ usually before noun
having or showing a desire to harm other people
synonym malicious, wicked
opposite benevolent
ex) If humans stick to a single planet, he warns, they will be sitting ducks for a supervirus, a malevolent artificial intelligence or a nuclear war that could finish off the whole lot of them at any time.
malevolent intentions/thoughts
his dark malevolent eyes
claptrap noun
BrE /ˈklæptræp/ ; NAmE /ˈklæptræp/ uncountable
stupid talk that has no value
ex) If humans stick to a single planet, he warns, they will be sitting ducks for a supervirus, a malevolent artificial intelligence or a nuclear war that could finish off the whole lot of them at any time. Claptrap. It is true that, in the long run, Earth will become uninhabitable. But that long run is about a billion years.
eventuality noun
BrE /ɪˌventʃuˈæləti/ ; NAmE /ɪˌventʃuˈæləti/ (pl. eventualities)(formal)
something that may possibly happen, especially something unpleasant
ex) To concern oneself with such eventualities is to take an aversion to short-termism beyond the salutary.
We were prepared for every eventuality.
The money had been saved for just such an eventuality.
In the eventuality of your passport being stolen, contact the embassy at once.
The instructions he left covered all eventualities.
This strategy will allow us to cope with all eventualities which may arise.
aversion noun
BrE /əˈvɜːʃn/ ; NAmE /əˈvɜːrʒn/ [countable, uncountable]
a strong feeling of not liking somebody/something
ex) To concern oneself with such eventualities is to take an aversion to short-termism beyond the salutary.
a strong aversion
He had an aversion to getting up early.
salutary adjective
BrE /ˈsæljətri/ ; NAmE /ˈsæljəteri/
having a good effect on somebody/something, though often seeming unpleasant
ex) To concern oneself with such eventualities is to take an aversion to short-termism beyond the salutary.
a salutary lesson/experience/warning
The accident was a salutary reminder of the dangers of climbing.
This would have a salutary effect upon the health of the family.
at a pinch(British English)
North American English in a pinch
used to say that something could be done or used in a particular situation if it is really necessary; if it becomes necessary and you have no choice
ex) Yes, a natural or maliciously designed pandemic might kill billions. So might a nuclear way; at a pinch climate change might wreak similar havoc.
We can get six people round this table at a pinch.
The recipe is for beef, but at a pinch you could use chicken.
other-worldly adjective
concerned with spiritual thoughts and ideas rather than with ordinary life
ex) Otherwordly concerns
There was an other-worldly quality to her performance that night.
catalogue verb
(North American English also catalog)
BrE /ˈkætəlɒɡ/ ; NAmE /ˈkætəlɔːɡ/ , /ˈkætəlɑːɡ/
1) to make a list of all the things in a collection
2) catalogue something to give a list of things connected with a particular person, event, etc.
ex) As asteroid as big as the one that dispatched the dinosaurs might take out the whole species, but humans have had the foresight to catalogue the asteroids up to the task and none is coming close in the foreseeable future.
Interviews with the refugees catalogue a history of discrimination and violence.
up to the task
It is a shortened, colloquial version of the question, “Are you up to the task?” It means, “Are you able to do the task?”
ex) As asteroid as big as the one that dispatched the dinosaurs might take out the whole species, but humans have had the foresight to catalogue the asteroids up to the task and none is coming close in the foreseeable future.
wrath noun
BrE /rɒθ/ ; NAmE /ræθ/ uncountable
extreme anger
ex) As for the unknown – an evil AI, or predatory aliens with intellects as “vast and cool and unsympathetic” as those of Wells’s Martians, or the good old-fashioned wrath of God – why would they wipe humans from the face of one planet while leaving those on the rock next door in peace?
the wrath of God
ignoble adjective
BrE /ɪɡˈnəʊbl/ ; NAmE /ɪɡˈnoʊbl/ (formal)
not good or honest; that should make you feel shame 비열한, 야비한, 치사한, 천한
synonym base
opposite noble
ex) If worrying about imminent extinction is unrealistic, trying to hide from it is ignoble.
ignoble thoughts
an ignoble person
어떤 식으로 보던 간에
whichever way you cut it
any way you slice it
any way you cut it
in whatever manner you consider this; no matter how you slice it
ex) Whichever way you cut it, the IoT is going to be big, and it seems pretty clear that an awful lot of them will be sensors.
Any way you slice it, there are going to be some very unhappy people when the prizes are announced.
안 그래도 이미 감시에 관한 논란이 많은 사람들을 걱정시키고 있는 가운데, 사물인터넷을 둘러싼 개인 정보와 관련된 무시무시한 경우의 수들이 쏟아져 나오는 것이 놀라울 것도 없다.
With many already worried about surveillance issues, it’s no wonder that nightmare privacy scenarios surrounding the IoT have been popping up.
이러한 개발의 방향을 바꾸고 싶다면, 우리는 ‘우리 국민들에 대한 정보’라는 새로운 ‘석유’를 이용할 시스템을 함께 만들어야한다.
If we want to steer these developments, we have to build a system together in which to harness the new ‘oil’: the data of our citizens.
피하는 게 상책이다.
to be best[better] avoided
Watching TV or using cell phones are best avoided.
write off somebody | write off somebody as something | write off something | write off something as something | write somebody off | write somebody off as something | write something off | write something off as something
to decide that somebody/something is a failure or not worth paying any attention to
synonym dismiss
ex) You can’t just write off those worries as unfounded because immense data on people will be created.
unfounded adjective
BrE /ʌnˈfaʊndɪd/ ; NAmE /ʌnˈfaʊndɪd/
not based on reason or fact
ex) You can’t just write off those worries as unfounded because immense data on people will be created.
unfounded allegations/rumours, etc.
Speculation about a divorce proved totally unfounded.
계약을 맺다, 거래하다, 합의하다
cut[crack, strike] a deal
to make a business deal
ex) So the logical path people would take is to cut a deal.
Her agent cut a deal giving her 30% of the profits.
산후 여성
postpartum women
post-partum adjective BrE /ˌpəʊst ˈpɑːtəm/ ; NAmE /ˌpoʊst ˈpɑːrtəm/ (North American English also postpartum) (British English also postnatal) [only before noun]
ex) Postpartum women, in the throes of sleep deprivation, anxious thoughts, and the daily demands of new motherhood, often express a desire for endorsement from others for the choices they make in order to validate their vulnerable sense of self.
in the throes of something/of doing something
in the middle of an activity, especially a difficult or complicated one
ex) Postpartum women, in the throes of sleep deprivation, anxious thoughts, and the daily demands of new motherhood, often express a desire for endorsement from others for the choices they make in order to validate their vulnerable sense of self.
The country was in the throes of revolutionary change.
We’re in the throes of moving to a new office, so the place is in chaos at the moment.
outgrow verb
BrE /ˌaʊtˈɡrəʊ/ ; NAmE /ˌaʊtˈɡroʊ/
present simple I / you / we / they outgrow BrE /ˌaʊtˈɡrəʊ/ ; NAmE /ˌaʊtˈɡroʊ/
he / she / it outgrows BrE /ˌaʊtˈɡrəʊz/ ; NAmE /ˌaʊtˈɡroʊz/
past simple outgrew BrE /ˌaʊtˈɡruː/ ; NAmE /ˌaʊtˈɡruː/
past participle outgrown BrE /ˌaʊtˈɡrəʊn/ ; NAmE /ˌaʊtˈɡroʊn/
-ing form outgrowing BrE /ˌaʊtˈɡrəʊɪŋ/ ; NAmE /ˌaʊtˈɡroʊɪŋ/
3) outgrow something to stop doing something or lose interest in something as you become older
synonym grow out of something
ex) Most women never completely outgrow the need for approval from their mothers.
He’s outgrown his passion for rock music.
엄마의 기대가 너무 높아서 그들이 실제로 얼마나 잘 하든지와는 관계없이 충족된 적이 한 번도 없었다.
Their mother’s expectations were so high that no matter how good a job they did, it was never enough.
(《단수취급》) 하나뿐 아니라, 많은
more than one
ex) More than one woman has confessed to us that she secretly wishes her mother could look over her shoulder during the 3 a.m. feeding and sweetly whisper, “You must be so tired. You are doing such a wonderful job. I’m so proud of you. You are such a good mother.”
ache verb
BrE /eɪk/ ; NAmE /eɪk/
present simple I / you / we / they ache BrE /eɪk/ ; NAmE /eɪk/
he / she / it aches BrE /eɪks/ ; NAmE /eɪks/
past simple ached BrE /eɪkt/ ; NAmE /eɪkt/
past participle ached BrE /eɪkt/ ; NAmE /eɪkt/
-ing form aching BrE /ˈeɪkɪŋ/ ; NAmE /ˈeɪkɪŋ/
2) (formal) to have a strong desire for somebody/something or to do something
synonym long
ex) If you have not, you may still be aching for it.
I was aching for home.
He ached to see her.
mother verb
BrE /ˈmʌðə(r)/ ; NAmE /ˈmʌðər/
mother somebody/something to care for somebody/something because you are their mother, or as if you were their mother
ex) It is difficult, but it is possible for you to mother yourself.
He was a disturbed child who needed mothering.
Stop mothering me!
go a long/some way towards doing something
to help very much/a little in achieving something
ex) Self-compassion goes a long way to help you accomplish this.
The new law goes a long way towards solving the problem.
이제 무너진 성비를 가지고 태어난 세대들이 결혼할 나이가 되어갑니다.
Now, the generation with distorted sex ratios at birth is reaching marriageable age.
cohort noun
BrE /ˈkəʊhɔːt/ ; NAmE /ˈkoʊhɔːrt/ [countable + singular or plural verb]
1) (specialist) a group of people who share a common feature or aspect of behaviour (통계적으로 동일한 특색이나 행동 양식을 공유하는) 집단
ex) When a country’s fertility rate is going down, younger cohorts of people will tend to be smaller than older ones.
the 1999 birth cohort (= all those born in 1999)
2) (disapproving) a member of a group of people who support another person
ex) Robinson and his cohorts were soon ejected from the hall.
The director made his entrance followed by his cohort of technicians and production assistants.
침략, 지배, 수탈, 억압
invade (invasion)
rule, dominate (domination), govern, control
exploit (exploitation)
suppress (suppression), repress (repression), oppress (oppression)
전쟁의 잔혹성
Their wartime atrocities are more notorious than any other’s in human history.
노벨상 수상자
laureate noun
BrE /ˈlɒriət/ ; NAmE /ˈlɔːriət/ , /ˈlɑːriət/
1) a person who has been given an official honour or prize for something important they have achieved
ex) They’ve had 19 Nobel prize laureates (winners)
a Nobel laureate
repent verb
BrE /rɪˈpent/ ; NAmE /rɪˈpent/ intransitive, transitive
present simple I / you / we / they repent BrE /rɪˈpent/ ; NAmE /rɪˈpent/
he / she / it repents BrE /rɪˈpents/ ; NAmE /rɪˈpents/
past simple repented BrE /rɪˈpentɪd/ ; NAmE /rɪˈpentɪd/
past participle repented BrE /rɪˈpentɪd/ ; NAmE /rɪˈpentɪd/
-ing form repenting BrE /rɪˈpentɪŋ/ ; NAmE /rɪˈpentɪŋ/
to feel and show that you are sorry for something bad or wrong that you have done
ex) What’s really bad about them is they never really repent.
God welcomes the sinner who repents.
She had repented of what she had done.
He came to repent his hasty decision (= wished he had not taken it).
- repentant adjective
BrE /rɪˈpentənt/ ; NAmE /rɪˈpentənt/
(formal) feeling or showing that you are sorry for something wrong that you have done
synonym contrite, remorseful
opposite unrepentant
ex) She was not in the least repentant.
His words left us all feeling suitably repentant.
She wanted to show how deeply repentant she was.
높은 지식
a high level[degree] of knowledge
higher knowledge
advanced knowledge
ex) Only a small fraction of people had access to higher knowledge back then.
몇몇 대학들은 실적을 부풀리기까지 한다.
Some colleges even cheat to make themselves look better.
지식을 실제로 써먹을 수 있을 때 그 가치가 인정된다는 논리이다.
So the idea is that knowledge has value when it gets you something tangible in return.
그도 그럴 것이, 먹고 살아가게 할 수 없다면 지식을 쌓는 것이 무슨 소용인가?
After all, what good can come out of knowledge if it doesn’t get you bread to eat?
slumped adjective
BrE /slʌmpt/ ; NAmE /slʌmpt/
[not usually before noun] slumped (against/over something) sitting with your body leaning forward, for example because you are asleep or unconscious
ex) As he lay in a coma, fellow students circulated a photograph of him, bloodied and slumped in the arms of a friend.
The driver was slumped exhausted over the wheel.
There was a slumped figure in the chair.
bloodied adjective
BrE /ˈblʌdid/ ; NAmE /ˈblʌdid/
covered in blood
ex) As he lay in a coma, fellow students circulated a photograph of him, bloodied and slumped in the arms of a friend.
his bruised and bloodied nose
raucous adjective
BrE /ˈrɔːkəs/ ; NAmE /ˈrɔːkəs/
sounding loud and rough
ex) Almost 30 years on, protests, frequent and raucous, are still a big part of public life.
raucous laughter
a raucous voice
a group of raucous young men
They grew more and more raucous as the evening went on.
epitomize verb
(British English also -ise)
BrE /ɪˈpɪtəmaɪz/ ; NAmE /ɪˈpɪtəmaɪz/
epitomize something to be a perfect example of something
ex) Mr. Baek’s death struck a chord in part because he epitomised the dogged activism that helped to put an end to the authoritarian order that endured from the second world war until the late 1980s.
The fighting qualities of the team are epitomized by the captain.
These movies seem to epitomize the 1950s.
dogged adjective
BrE /ˈdɒɡɪd/ ; NAmE /ˈdɔːɡɪd/ usually before noun
showing determination; not giving up easily
synonym tenacious
ex) Mr. Baek’s death struck a chord in part because he epitomised the dogged activism that helped to put an end to the authoritarian order that endured from the second world war until the late 1980s.
dogged determination/persistence
their dogged defence of the city
체포 영장이 발부되었을 때
issue[put out] an arrest warrant
put out a warrant for sb’s arrest
At one point, when a warrant was put out for his arrest, he found refuge in a cathedral, and subsequently spent five years as a monk.
계엄령
martial law noun
BrE ; NAmE [uncountable]
a situation where the army of a country controls an area instead of the police during a time of trouble
ex) He spent time in prison for violating the strict restrictions on political activity imposed by martial law.
to declare/impose/lift martial law
The city remains firmly under martial law.
close/dear/near to somebody’s heart
having a lot of importance and interest for somebody
ex) Even after a series of former opposition figures were freely elected president (starting in 1992), Mr. Baek continued to join protests, in support of another cause dear to many Korean hearts: rice farming.
rapporteur noun
BrE /ˌræpɔːˈtɜː(r)/ ; NAmE /ˌræpɔːrˈtɜːr/ (from French, specialist)
a person officially chosen by an organization to investigate a problem and report on it
ex) The UN’s special rapporteur on freedom of assembly this year noted “a slow, creeping inclination” in South Korea to erode it; the use of water cannons to target lone protesters, he said, was “difficult to justify.”
the UN special rapporteur on human rights
smooth somethingover
to make problems or difficulties seem less important or serious, especially by talking to people 일을 수습하다, ~을 얼렁뚱땅 넘기다, 덮고 넘어가다
ex) Duterte is scrambling to smooth things over with the U.S., a longtime ally.
She spoke to both sides in the dispute in an attempt to smooth things over.
acid trip
An acid trip refers to psychedelic experiences brought on by the use of LSD. The term “psychedelic” derives from Greek words meaning “mind revealing”. Psychedelic experiences are used in exploratory, learning, recreational, religious/mystical and therapeutic contexts.
ex) And that is the idea that a language channels your thoughts that the vocabulary and the grammar of different languages gives everybody a different kind of acid trip, so to speak.
flutter noun
BrE /ˈflʌtə(r)/ ; NAmE /ˈflʌtər/
3) [singular] a state of nervous or confused excitement
ex) And so gradual consensus is becoming that language can shape thought, but it tends to be in rather darling, obscure psychological flutters.
Her sudden arrival caused quite a flutter.
to be in a flutter/to be all of a flutter
imbibe verb
BrE /ɪmˈbaɪb/ ; NAmE /ɪmˈbaɪb/
1) [intransitive, transitive] imbibe (something) (formal or humorous) to drink something, especially alcohol
2) [transitive] imbibe something (formal) to absorb something, especially information
ex) One of them is that if you want to imbibe a culture, if you want to drink it in, if you want to become part of it, then whether or not the language channels the culture – and that seems doubtful – if you want to imbibe the culture, you have to control to some degree the language that the culture happens to be conducted in.
He imbibed elements of oriental mysticism from the years he spent in India.
anglophone adjective
BrE /ˈæŋɡləʊfəʊn/ ; NAmE /ˈæŋɡloʊfoʊn/
English-speaking, especially in countries where English is not the only language that is spoken
ex) There’s one scene closest to the end, where they have to take a friend to an Anglophone hospital.
anglophone communities
distinctions between Anglophone and Francophone Africa
- anglophone noun
BrE /ˈæŋɡləʊfəʊn/ ; NAmE /ˈæŋɡloʊfoʊn/
a person who speaks English, especially in countries where English is not the only language that is spoken
ex) Canada’s native anglophones
idiomatic adjective
BrE /ˌɪdiəˈmætɪk/ ; NAmE /ˌɪdiəˈmætɪk/
1) containing expressions that are natural to a native speaker of a language
ex) And they speak it more slowly, they have accents, they’re not idiomatic.
She speaks fluent and idiomatic English.
husk noun
BrE /hʌsk/ ; NAmE /hʌsk/
the dry outer covering of nuts, fruits and seeds, especially of grain
ex) Suddenly these characters that you’ve fallen in love with become husks of themselves, they’re shadows of themselves.
Brown rice has not had the husks removed.
(figurative) There was only the husk left of his former self.
scrim noun
a screen made of thin material that becomes transparent when lit from behind, used in the theatre
ex) To go into a culture and to only ever process people through that kind of scrim curtain is to never truly get the culture.
With scrims and video projections, redundant onscreen narrative texts and filmed images of a murky, blood-stained lagoon, the setting was more or less 15th century.
imperative noun
BrE /ɪmˈperətɪv/ ; NAmE /ɪmˈperətɪv/
1) (formal) a thing that is very important and needs immediate attention or action
ex) the economic imperative of quality education for all
2) (grammar) the form of a verb that expresses an order; a verb in this form
ex) “Uktub,” write, in the imperative.
In ‘Go away!’ the verb is in the imperative.
‘Go away!’ is an imperative.
an imperative sentence
scooch verb
(also scootch)
BrE /skuːtʃ/ ; NAmE /skuːtʃ/ (North American English, informal)
1) (also scoot) [intransitive] + adv./prep. to move a short distance, especially while sitting down
ex) She scooched over so that he could sit down next to her.
He scooched closer to her and whispered his reply.
2) [intransitive] + adv./prep. to move or pass through a narrow space
ex) Me either, but if I did, I would get to roll around in my mouth not some baker’s dozen of vowels like English has, but a good 30 different vowels scooching and oozing around in the Cambodian mouth like bees in a hive.
The waiter kept pressing against the table, trying to scooch by.
I had to scooch between the wall and the sofa to reach the plug.
더 중요한 것은, 우리가 살고 있는 지금 이 시대는 그 어느 때보다도 스스로 외국어를 배우기가 쉽다는 것입니다.
More to the point, we live in an era when it’s never been easier to teach yourself another language.
cut your teeth on something
to get your first experience in a particular job by doing something
ex) I cut my teeth on those.
actors who cut their teeth on low-budget films
judicious adjective
BrE /dʒuˈdɪʃəs/ ; NAmE /dʒuˈdɪʃəs/ (formal, approving)
careful and sensible; showing good judgement
opposite injudicious
ex) We should certainly have a debate about what constitutes judicious use, because jumping to an outright ban defies science and common sense, may cause more animal suffering, and may even adversely affect public health.
It is curable with judicious use of antibiotics.
Some dishes would be very bland without the judicious use of spices and other seasonings.
star verb
BrE /stɑː(r)/ ; NAmE /stɑːr/
present simple I / you / we / they star BrE /stɑː(r)/ ; NAmE /stɑːr/
he / she / it stars BrE /stɑːz/ ; NAmE /stɑːrz/
past simple starred BrE /stɑːd/ ; NAmE /stɑːrd/
past participle starred BrE /stɑːd/ ; NAmE /stɑːrd/
-ing form starring BrE /ˈstɑːrɪŋ/ ; NAmE /ˈstɑːrɪŋ/
1) [intransitive] star (with/opposite somebody) (in something) to have one of the main parts in a film/movie, play, etc.
ex) It’s no secret that Asian-Americans are disproportionately stars in American schools, and even in American society as a whole.
She starred opposite Cary Grant in ‘Bringing up Baby’.
No one has yet been chosen for the starring role (= the main part).
2) [transitive, no passive] star somebody if a film/movie, play, etc. stars somebody, that person has one of the main parts
1) a movie starring Meryl Streep and Pierce Brosnan
The studio wants to star her in a sequel to last year’s hit.
3) [transitive, usually passive] star something to put a symbol shaped like a star (= an asterisk) next to a word, etc. in order to make people notice it
ex) Treat all the sections that have been starred as priority.
~에 대한 증거이다. ~을 말해준다.
to be testament to ~
testify to ~
According to some scholars, successful Asian-Americans, far from revealing a lack of discrimination, is in part to testament to it.
~에 대한 찬사, 칭찬, 공헌
Bravo to the Asian-Americans success which is a tribute to hard work, strong families and passion for education.
transition verb
BrE /trænˈzɪʃn/ ; NAmE /trænˈzɪʃn/ ; BrE /trænˈsɪʃn/ ; NAmE /trænˈsɪʃn/ [intransitive, transitive]
present simple I / you / we / they transition BrE /trænˈzɪʃn/ ; NAmE /trænˈzɪʃn/ ; BrE /trænˈsɪʃn/ ; NAmE /trænˈsɪʃn/
he / she / it transitions BrE /trænˈzɪʃnz/ ; NAmE /trænˈzɪʃnz/ ; BrE /trænˈsɪʃnz/ ; NAmE /trænˈsɪʃnz/
past simple transitioned BrE /trænˈzɪʃnd/ ; NAmE /trænˈzɪʃnd/ ; BrE /trænˈsɪʃnd/ ; NAmE /trænˈsɪʃnd/
past participle transitioned BrE /trænˈzɪʃnd/ ; NAmE /trænˈzɪʃnd/ ; BrE /trænˈsɪʃnd/ ; NAmE /trænˈsɪʃnd/
-ing form transitioning BrE /trænˈzɪʃnɪŋ/ ; NAmE /trænˈzɪʃnɪŋ/ ; BrE /trænˈsɪʃnɪŋ/ ; NAmE /trænˈsɪʃnɪŋ/
to change or to make something change from one state or condition to another
ex) We have to transition from a consumer-driven economy to an innovation-driven economy.
They transitioned from print journalism to the digital world.
The 51-year-old is currently transitioning from male to female.
They decided to transition the farm to organic.
인간이 화성에 착륙하다.
see a man walk on Mars
put a man on Mars
land a man on Mars
I think we’re going to see a man walk on Mars in 10 years.
The same logic applies when he says he wants to land a man on Mars.
maverick adjective
BrE /ˈmævərɪk/ ; NAmE /ˈmævərɪk/ [only before noun]
(of a person) independent, with unusual opinions
ex) He is a maverick businessman.
a maverick film director
a politician with a maverick streak
언론에서 그에 대해 주로 좋게 얘기하는 것도 놀라울 게 없다.
No wonder, the media talk about him mostly in positive tones.
아무도 그를 정신나간 사업가로 치부하지는 않는다.
None of them write him off as just another insane businessman.
~의 희생자가 되다
fall (a[the]) victim (to sth)
(formal) to be injured, damaged or killed by something
ex) Many foreign wives soon fall victim to domestic violence.
Many plants have fallen victim to the sudden frost.
국제 결혼 표현
A study actually says one in five marriages are now between a Korean national and a foreigner.
폭력을 행사하게 된다.
No wonder, some of these men go on to abuse their wives both physically and verbally.
일이 이렇게까지 된 것이 그저 슬프다.
It’s just sad tings have come to this.
원인이 무엇이든간에 매매혼은 반드시 사라져야한다.
Whatever the cause, I believe this buying and selling of brides must go.
정부 보조금
benefits subsidies grants cash incentive handouts
They just say they’re going to hand out some benefits to couples who have 3 or more kids in the future.
자기 몫을 하다
do your bit
(informal) to do your share of a task
ex) We can finish this job on time if everyone does their bit.
microloan
A microloan is defined as a very small, short-term loan with a low interest rate, usually extended to a start-up company or self-employed person. Typically, these loans do not exceed $35,000.
The MicroLoan Program provides microloans to start-up, newly established, or growing small business concerns. Under this program, SBA makes funds available to non-profit community based lenders (intermediaries) that in turn, make loans to eligible borrowers in amounts up to a maximum of $50,000.
ex) Getting a microloan is far easier than getting a bank loan.
microlender
A microfinance institution specializing in the offering and servicing of small-balance loans to low-income groups or individuals. A microlender provides small amounts of capital that would not be considered cost-effective for a traditional lender, enabling disadvantaged individuals to have access to small amounts of credit.
ex) In the African countries where they are widespread, microlenders no longer need to distribute and collect piles of bank notes (=은행권, 지폐) – always a cumbersome task and often a dangerous one.
microfinance
Microfinance is a general term to describe financial services to low-income individuals or to those who do not have access to typical banking services. Microfinance is also the idea that low-income individuals are capable of lifting themselves out of poverty if given access to financial services.
ex) Mike Gama-Lobo of FINCA, a microfinance pioneer, is particularly excited by the possibility of fusing mobile money with traditional microlending.
turnaround noun
BrE /ˈtɜːnəraʊnd/ ; NAmE /ˈtɜːrnəraʊnd/
(British English also turnround)
[usually singular]
3) a situation in which something changes from bad to good
ex) A failed turnaround and then, last month, the biggest data breach from a single site in history.
a turnaround in the economy
경기가 회복되다.
The economy will turn around sooner or later.
I remain hopeful that the economy will turn around next year.
나쁜 일의 연속이다.
Yahoo, an online firm, has had a bad run of news.
newswire noun
BrE /ˈnjuːzwaɪə(r)/ ; NAmE /ˈnuːzwaɪər/
a service that provides the latest news, for example using the Internet
ex) On October 4th came a fresh blow when Reuters, a newswire, reported that the company had written customised software to scan all incoming e-mail for certain keywords, complying with a request either from America’s National Security Agency of the FBI.
법을 준수하는
law-abiding adjective
obeying and respecting the law
ex) The company’s first response was to say that it is a law-abiding company.
law-abiding citizens
run counter to
run counter to. Be in conflict with, oppose, as in Practice often runs counter to theory. This idiom, first recorded in 1843, uses counter in the sense of “in an opposite direction.”
ex) If so, it would run counter to efforts by Congress to rein in such programmes, following revelations in 2013 by Edward Snowden, a former NSA contractor, of online spying (on October 5th it emerged that another NSA contractor was arrested in August for stealing classified information).
galling adjective
BrE /ˈɡɔːlɪŋ/ ; NAmE /ˈɡɔːlɪŋ/ [not usually before noun]
(of a situation or fact) making you angry because it is unfair
ex) Critics found it galling that Ms. Mayer is reported to have been aware of the theft since July but said nothing.
It was galling to have to apologize to a man she hated.
substantiate verb
BrE /səbˈstænʃieɪt/ ; NAmE /səbˈstænʃieɪt/
substantiate something (formal) to provide information or evidence to prove that something is true
ex) The allegations about e-mail scanning, if they are substantiated, would probably also be reason for further negotiations.
The results of the tests substantiated his claims.
They made accusations which could not be substantiated.
