TO 6-1 Flashcards
servitude noun
BrE /ˈsɜːvɪtjuːd/; AmE /ˈsɜːrvətuːd/
uncountable
the condition of being a slave or being forced to obey another person
synonym slavery
ex) Now it is illegal for fathers to sell their daughters into servitude.
a life of poverty and servitude
celibate adjective
BrE /ˈselɪbət/; NAmE /ˈselɪbət/
1) 1 not married and not having sex, especially for religious reasons
ex) By the way, the Dalai Lama is someone who has aged beautifully, but who wants to be vegetarian and celibate?
celibate priests
vain adjective
BrE /veɪn/; NAmE /veɪn/
2) (disapproving) too proud of your own appearance, abilities or achievements
synonym conceited
ex) You know, for a vain female like myself, it’s very hard to age in this culture.
She’s too vain to wear glasses.
feisty adjective
BrE /ˈfaɪsti/; NAmE /ˈfaɪsti/
(feistier, feistiest)(informal, approving)
(of people) strong, determined and not afraid of arguing with people
ex) Ethel Seiderman, a feisty, beloved activist in the place where I live in California; she wears red patent shoes, and her mantra is that one scarf is nice but two is better.
patent leather noun
BrE /ˌpeɪtnt ˈleðə(r)/; NAmE usually /ˈpætnt leðər/, /ˌpeɪtnt ˈleðər/
[uncountable]
a type of leather with a hard shiny surface, used especially for making shoes and bags
ex) Ethel Seiderman, a feisty, beloved activist in the place where I live in California; she wears red patent shoes, and her mantra is that one scarf is nice but two is better.
will verb
BrE /wɪl/; NAmE /wɪl/
(will) [intransitive] (only used in the simple present tense) (old-fashioned or formal) to want or like
ex) I cannot will myself to be passionate at 71.
Call it what you will, it’s still a problem.
flat adjective
BrE /flæt/; NAmE /flæt/
(flatter, flattest)
5) dull; lacking interest or enthusiasm
ex) I have been training for some time, and when I feel flat and bored, I fake it.
He felt very flat after his friends had gone home.
It was a curiously flat note on which to end the election campaign.
privy adjective
BrE /ˈprɪvi/; NAmE /ˈprɪvi/
(formal) privy to something allowed to know about something secret
ex) These included changes in preferences for food, music, art, sexual, recreational, and career, as well as specific memories only privy to the donors.
She was not privy to any information contained in the letters.
아카시아
acacia noun
BrE /əˈkeɪʃə/; NAmE /əˈkeɪʃə/
(also acacia tree)
a tree with yellow or white flowers. There are several types of acacia tree, some of which produce a sticky liquid used in making glue.
ex) In short distance communication, Nigel Raine from the University of London and his colleagues observed how ants provide a useful service for the acacia plants by guarding the plant they live on.
영양(주로 아프리카나 아시아에서 볼 수 있는 사슴 비슷한 동물)
antelope noun
BrE /ˈæntɪləʊp/NAmE /ˈæntɪloʊp/
(pl. antelope, antelopes)
an African or Asian animal like a deer, that runs very fast. There are many types of antelope.
ex) Wouter Van Hoven from Pretoria University reports that acacias also produce leaf tannin in quantities lethal to the antelope and thereby killing the antelopes while ate the same time emitting ethylene into the air which can travel up to 50 years warning other acacias to step up their own production of leaf tannin within just 5 to 10 minutes.
emit verb
BrE /iˈmɪt/; NAmE /iˈmɪt/
emit something (formal) to send out something such as light, heat, sound, gas, etc.
ex) Wouter Van Hoven from Pretoria University reports that acacias also produce leaf tannin in quantities lethal to the antelope and thereby killing the antelopes while ate the same time emitting ethylene into the air which can travel up to 50 years warning other acacias to step up their own production of leaf tannin within just 5 to 10 minutes.
The metal container began to emit a clicking sound.
Sulphur gases were emitted by the volcano.
에틸렌
ethylene noun
BrE /ˈeθɪliːn/; NAmE /ˈeθɪliːn/
(also ethene)uncountable(chemistry)
a gas which is present in coal, crude oil, and natural gas
ex) Wouter Van Hoven from Pretoria University reports that acacias also produce leaf tannin in quantities lethal to the antelope and thereby killing the antelopes while ate the same time emitting ethylene into the air which can travel up to 50 years warning other acacias to step up their own production of leaf tannin within just 5 to 10 minutes.
애벌레
caterpillar noun
BrE /ˈkætəpɪlə(r)/; NAmE /ˈkætərpɪlər/
a small creature like a worm with legs, that develops into a butterfly or moth (= flying insects with large, sometimes brightly coloured, wings). Caterpillars eat the leaves of plants.
ex) Willows have been found to have a similar strategy when they are being eaten by caterpillars.
parasitic adjective
BrE /ˌpærəˈsɪtɪk/; NAmE /ˌpærəˈsɪtɪk/
(less frequent parasitical BrE /ˌpærəˈsɪtɪkl/; NAmE /ˌpærəˈsɪtɪkl/)
2) living on another animal or plant and getting its food from it 기생하는
a parasitic mite
ex) Jim Westwood, a plant scientist at Virginia Tech showed how a parasitic weed known as dodder/strangleweed, uses its RNA - its genetic material - to communitcate with their host plants that they are nurturing from, in order for the host to lower its defenses.
RNA noun
BrE /ˌɑːr en ˈeɪ/; NAmE /ˌɑːr en ˈeɪ/
a chemical present in all living cells; like DNA it is a type of nucleic acid (화학) 리보 핵산, 아르엔에이
ex) Jim Westwood, a plant scientist at Virginia Tech showed how a parasitic weed known as dodder/strangleweed, uses its RNA - its genetic material - to communitcate with their host plants that they are nurturing from, in order for the host to lower its defenses.
skeletal adjective
BrE /ˈskelətl/; NAmE /ˈskelətl/
1) (specialist) connected with the skeleton of a person or an animal 뼈대 [골격/해골]의
ex) Back to our bodies, the Danish biologist Bente Klarlund Pedersen is looking at a handful of myokines - a protein he identified and named - and their role in helping skeletal muscle (=골격근) retain memory.
Skeletal remains of the earliest dinosaurs are rare.
prerogative noun
BrE /prɪˈrɒɡətɪv/; NAmE /prɪˈrɑːɡətɪv/
(formal)
a right or advantage belonging to a particular person or group because of their importance or social position
ex) Paul Pearsall’s findings should make us think about how our bodies stay in balance and how memory is not solely the prerogative of the brain.
In many countries education is still the prerogative of the rich.
the royal prerogative (= the special rights of a king or queen)
The Prime Minister exercised his prerogative to decide when to call an election.
너무나도 당연한 것 같다
Then it seems only natural that we do what we can to reduce the amount of food getting thrown away.
우리의 작은 노력이
What little effort we make will add up to save the earth.
지금이야말로 ~~해야 할 때이다 (진작 했어야 하는데).
It is past time for the world to get serious about North Korea’s nuclear ambitions.
미국 대통령으로는 최초로 히로시마를 방문하게 되었습니다.
He was to become the first American president to visit Hiroshima, site of one of only two nuclear attacks.
협상을 성공적으로 이끌어내다. 계약 (거래)를 따내다.
He secured a deal in July to curtail and then constrain Iran’s nuclear programme for at least the next 10-15 years.
glaring adjective
BrE /ˈɡleərɪŋ/; NAmE /ˈɡlerɪŋ/
1) [usually before noun] (of something bad) very easily seen
synonym blatant
ex) But in one area, his failure is glaring.
a glaring error/omission/inconsistency/injustice
the most glaring example of this problem
use/take a sledgehammer to crack a nut
- sledgehammer noun
BrE /ˈsledʒhæmə(r)/; NAmE /ˈsledʒhæmər/
to use more force than is necessary
ex) North Korea has taken a sledgehammer to all of them.
* a large heavy hammer with a long handle
soup something↔up
(informal) to make changes to something such as a car or computer, so that it is more powerful or exciting than before
ex) An underground nuclear detonation in January, claimed by the regime to be an H-bomb (but more likely a souped-up A-bomb), has been followed by tests of the technologies behind nuclear-armed missiles.
수소 폭탄
hydrogen bomb noun
(also H-bomb)
a very powerful nuclear bomb
ex) An underground nuclear detonation in January, claimed by the regime to be an H-bomb (but more likely a souped-up A-bomb), has been followed by tests of the technologies behind nuclear-armed missiles.
원자 (폭)탄
atom bomb noun
(also A-bomb)
a bomb that explodes using the energy that is produced when an atom or atoms are split
ex) An underground nuclear detonation in January, claimed by the regime to be an H-bomb (but more likely a souped-up A-bomb), has been followed by tests of the technologies behind nuclear-armed missiles.
hereditary adjective
BrE /həˈredɪtri/; NAmE /həˈredɪteri/
3) holding a rank or title that is hereditary; a hereditary title or right is officially passed from a parent to their child
ex) Its hereditary dictator, Kim Jong Un, imposes forced labour on hundreds of thousands of his people in the gulag, including whole families, without trial or hope of release.
hereditary peers/rulers
drench verb
BrE /drentʃ/; NAmE /drentʃ/
[often passive]
to make somebody/something completely wet
synonym soak
ex) Mr. Kim frequently threatens to drench Seoul, the South’s capital, in “a sea of fire.”
We were caught in the storm and got drenched to the skin.
His face was drenched with sweat.
(figurative) She drenched herself in perfume.
fraught adjective
BrE /frɔːt/; NAmE /frɔːt/
1) fraught with something filled with something unpleasant
ex) But Mr. Kim is so opaque and so little is known about how decisions come about in the capital, Pyongyang, that deterring North Korea is fraught with difficulty.
a situation fraught with danger/difficulty/problems
taunt noun
BrE /tɔːnt/; NAmE /tɔːnt/
an insulting or unkind remark that is intended to make somebody angry or upset
ex) In March, following the recent weapons test, the UN Security Council strengthened sanctions.
Black players often had to endure racist taunts.
She ignored his taunt.
Their taunts stung him into his best performance for the team yet.
overthrow verb BrE /ˌəʊvəˈθrəʊ/; NAmE /ˌoʊvərˈθroʊ/ (overthrew BrE /ˌəʊvəˈθruː/ ; NAmE /ˌoʊvərˈθruː/ , overthrown BrE /ˌəʊvəˈθrəʊn/; NAmE /ˌoʊvərˈθroʊn/)
overthrow somebody/something to remove a leader or a government from a position of power by force
ex) But China does not want to overthrow Mr. Kim.
The president was overthrown in a military coup.
if anything
used to express an opinion about something, or after a negative statement to suggest that the opposite is true
ex) The sanctions are unlikely to stop him. If anything, they may spur him to strengthen and upgrade his arsenal before China adopts harsher ones.
I’d say he was more like his father, if anything.
She’s not thin—if anything she’s on the plump side.
mullah noun
BrE /ˈmʌlə/; NAmE /ˈmʌlə/
; BrE /ˈmʊlə/; NAmE /ˈmʊlə/
a Muslim teacher of religion and holy law 물라 (이슬람교 율법학자)
ex) Because the mullahs depend on sales of oil and gas to the outside world, embargoes on Iran’s energy exports and exclusion from the international payments system changed their strategic calculus.
미적분학
- 대수학
calculus noun
BrE /ˈkælkjələs/;AmE /ˈkælkjələs/
[uncountable]
ex) Because the mullahs depend on sales of oil and gas to the outside world, embargoes on Iran’s energy exports and exclusion from the international payments system changed their strategic calculus.
- algebra noun
BrE /ˈældʒɪbrə/NAmE /ˈældʒɪbrə/
[uncountable]
a type of mathematics in which letters and symbols are used to represent quantities
rapprochement noun BrE /ræˈprɒʃmɒ̃/, /ræˈprəʊʃmɒ̃/ ; NAmE /ˌræproʊʃˈmɑːn/ , /ˌræprɑːʃˈmɑːn/ [singular, uncountable](from French, formal)
a situation in which the relationship between two countries or groups of people becomes more friendly after a period during which they were enemies
ex) Perhaps he will decide to shelve his “nukes first” policy in favour of Chinese-style economic reform and rapprochement with South Korea.
policies aimed at bringing about a rapprochement with China
There now seems little chance of rapprochement between the warring factions.
barter verb
BrE /ˈbɑːtə(r)/; NAmE /ˈbɑːrtər/
[intransitive, transitive]
to exchange goods, property, services, etc. for other goods, etc. without using money
ex) But nothing suggests he would barter his nuclear weapons to give his people a better life.
The prisoners tried to barter with the guards for items like writing paper and books.
The local people bartered wheat for tools.
dissent noun
BrE /dɪˈsent/; NAmE /dɪˈsent/
(formal)
1) [uncountable] the fact of having or expressing opinions that are different from those that are officially accepted
ex) Perhaps dissent over Mr. Kim’s rule among the North Korean elite will lead to a palace coup.
political/religious dissent
Voices of dissent began to rise against the established authority in the 1950s and 1960s.
Stability only exists in the country because dissent has been suppressed.
implosion noun
BrE /ɪmˈpləʊʒn/; NAmE /ɪmˈploʊʒn/
[countable, uncountable]
2) the sudden or complete failure of something
ex) China should also be cajoled into accepting that sanctions can be harsher, without provoking an implosion.
the country’s economic implosion
spectre noun
(US English specter)
BrE /ˈspektə(r)/ ; NAmE /ˈspektər/
1) spectre (of something) something unpleasant that people are afraid might happen in the future
ex) So from 2007 to 2015, Risen lived under the specter of going to federal prison.
The country is haunted by the spectre of civil war.
These weeks of drought have once again raised the spectre of widespread famine.
circumvent verb
BrE /ˌsɜːkəmˈvent/ ; NAmE /ˌsɜːrkəmˈvent/ (formal)
1) circumvent something to find a way of avoiding a difficulty or a rule
ex) But just as technology has allowed the government to circumvent reporters’ rights, the press can also use technology to protect their sources even better than before.
They found a way of circumventing the law.
2) circumvent something to go or travel around something that is blocking your way
luminary noun
BrE /ˈluːmɪnəri/ ; NAmE /ˈluːmɪneri/ (pl. luminaries)
a person who is an expert or a great influence in a special area or activity
ex) For example, one such tool is SecureDrop, an open-source whistleblower submission system that was originally created by the late Internet luminary Aaron Swartz, and is now developed at the non-profit where I work, Freedom of the Press Foundation.
He has played with all the great jazz luminaries.
Various leading luminaries of the arts were invited.
get a rise out of somebody
to make somebody react in an angry way by saying something that you know will annoy them, especially as a joke
ex) Internet users are free to use words and images to get a rise out of others, even at their most vulnerable.
distasteful adjective
BrE /dɪsˈteɪstfl/ ; NAmE /dɪsˈteɪstfl/ (formal)
unpleasant or offensive
ex) Hateful, offensive and distasteful ideas enjoy constitutional protection, so debate on public issues can be “uninhibited, robust and wide open” under the First Amendment.
The bad language in the film was distasteful and unnecessary.
uninhibited adjective
BrE /ˌʌnɪnˈhɪbɪtɪd/ ; NAmE /ˌʌnɪnˈhɪbɪtɪd/
behaving or expressing yourself freely without worrying about what other people think
synonym unrestrained
opposite inhibited
ex) Hateful, offensive and distasteful ideas enjoy constitutional protection, so debate on public issues can be “uninhibited, robust and wide open” under the First Amendment.
uninhibited dancing
intermediary noun
BrE /ˌɪntəˈmiːdiəri/ ; NAmE /ˌɪntərˈmiːdieri/ (pl. intermediaries)
intermediary (between A and B) a person or an organization that helps other people or organizations to make an agreement by being a means of communication between them
synonym mediator, go-between
ex) Intermediaries - usually the websites where trolls post comments - can step in to revoke the privilege of anonymity, or even remove abusive speech that violates their community guidelines but when trolling turns into cyberharassment or cyberstalking, the law can and should intervene.
명예 훼손, 중상 모략
defamation noun
BrE /ˌdefəˈmeɪʃn/ ; NAmE /ˌdefəˈmeɪʃn/ uncountable, countable
the act of damaging somebody’s reputation by saying or writing bad or false things about them
ex) They can be sued for defamation and intentional infliction of emotional distress.
The company sued for defamation.
He brought a legal action against the magazine for defamation of character.
Such a defamation might cause injury to the business goodwill of the corporation.
opportune adjective
BrE /ˈɒpətjuːn/ ; NAmE /ˌɑːpərˈtuːn/ (formal)
2) (of an action or event) done or happening at the right time to be successful
opposite inopportune
ex) This is an opportune moment to educate teenagers about the suffering caused by online abuse.
an opportune remark
The publication of the book now is quite opportune.
squander verb
BrE /ˈskwɒndə(r)/ ; NAmE /ˈskwɑːndər/
squander something (on somebody/something) to waste money, time, etc. in a stupid or careless way
ex) We should not squander this chance to reinforce the importance of respect as a baseline norm for online interaction.
He squandered all his money on gambling.
She squandered her chances of winning.
He just squandered his talent.
The company squandered millions on two dead-end projects.
The team squandered several good scoring chances.
stalwart adjective
BrE /ˈstɔːlwət/ ; NAmE /ˈstɔːlwərt/ [usually before noun]
1) loyal and able to be relied on, even in a difficult situation
synonym faithful
ex) While some stalwart free speech defenders oppose any limits on repulsive speech circulated online under the cover of anonymity, a lack of regulation leaves targets of harassment no alternative but to simply toughen up and wait for it to subside.
stalwart supporters
subside verb
BrE /səbˈsaɪd/ ; NAmE /səbˈsaɪd/
1) [intransitive] to become calmer or quieter
ex) While some stalwart free speech defenders oppose any limits on repulsive speech circulated online under the cover of anonymity, a lack of regulation leaves targets of harassment no alternative but to simply toughen up and wait for it to subside.
She waited nervously for his anger to subside.
When the rain had subsided we continued our walk.
I took an aspirin and the pain gradually subsided.
He waited until the laughter had subsided before continuing his story.
My laughter soon subsided.
The storm gradually subsided.
conflate verb
BrE /kənˈfleɪt/ ; NAmE /kənˈfleɪt/
conflate A and/with B (formal) to put two or more things together to make one new thing
ex) Debates about trolls routinely conflate anonymity with incivility but a broader look at online activities reveals that public good can come when users can hide their identity.
The issues of race and class are separate and should not be conflated.
incivility noun
BrE /ˌɪnsəˈvɪləti/ ; NAmE /ˌɪnsəˈvɪləti/ uncountable, countable(formal)
rude behaviour; rude remarks
ex) Debates about trolls routinely conflate anonymity with incivility but a broader look at online activities reveals that public good can come when users can hide their identity.
stigmatize verb
(British English also -ise)
BrE /ˈstɪɡmətaɪz/ ; NAmE /ˈstɪɡmətaɪz/
[usually passive] stigmatize somebody/something (formal) to treat somebody in a way that makes them feel that they are very bad or unimportant
ex) For example, medical patients and mothers discuss sensitive issues (be they clinical or related to parenting) in pseudonymous forums, allowing for candid discussions of what might otherwise be stigmatizing subjects.
retribution noun
BrE /ˌretrɪˈbjuːʃn/ ; NAmE /ˌretrɪˈbjuːʃn/
[uncountable] retribution (for something) (formal) severe punishment for something seriously wrong that somebody has done
ex) Anonymous activists rely on the web for whistle-blowing or to speak truth to power without fear of retribution.
People are seeking retribution for the latest terrorist outrages.
fear of divine retribution (= punishment from God)
consolation noun
BrE /ˌkɒnsəˈleɪʃn/ ; NAmE /ˌkɑːnsəˈleɪʃn/ [uncountable, countable]
a thing or person that makes you feel better when you are unhappy or disappointed
synonym comfort
ex) Anonymity can empower those who seek consolation and justice to speak out against assailants enabled by the same processes.
a few words of consolation
If it’s any consolation, she didn’t get the job, either.
The children were a great consolation to him when his wife died.
At least you weren’t hurt—that’s one consolation.
상당한 수가 아닐 수 없다 (너무 많다).
Given the number of college students here, the number seems hardly justified.
그렇다면 ~~게 무엇인가
Then what is it that forces these students to go overseas for study?
제 생각은 좀 다릅니다.
I beg to differ.
해군 장성, 제독
admiral noun
BrE /ˈædmərəl/ ; NAmE /ˈædmərəl/
an officer of very high rank in the navy
ex) Admiral Lee is someone who ‘walks the talk.’
The admiral visited the ships under his command.
Admiral Lord Nelson
walk the talk | walk the walk
- talk the talk
(informal, approving) to act in a way that shows people you are really good at what you do, and not just good at talking about it
ex) Admiral Lee is someone who ‘walks the talk.’
You can talk the talk but can you walk the walk?
- to talk convincingly about doing something rather than actually doing it
ex) We all know that he can talk the talk, but he’s also walked the walk.
말만 번지르르하고 행동하는 건 없다.
high on rhetoric but low on action
choke something↔off
1) to prevent or limit something
ex) High prices have choked off demand.
2) to interrupt something; to stop something
ex) If they do so without adequate protections, the merger could stifle consumer choice and choke off America’s beer renaissance.
Her screams were suddenly choked off.
come online
(idiomatic) to enter service or become active.
ex) Today there are more breweries in this country than at any time in history - some 4,300, with scores coming online every year, producing a vast variety of styles, from low-alcohol “lawn mower beers” to high-octane Russian imperial stouts.
It will be some time before the new factory comes online, and until then we can’t fulfill demand.
옥탄
octane noun
BrE /ˈɒkteɪn/ ; NAmE /ˈɑːkteɪn/
a chemical substance in petrol/gas, used as a way of measuring its quality
ex) Today there are more breweries in this country than at any time in history - some 4,300, with scores coming online every year, producing a vast variety of styles, from low-alcohol “lawn mower beers” to high-octane Russian imperial stouts.
high-octane fuel
sway noun
BrE /sweɪ/ ; NAmE /sweɪ/ [uncountable]
2) (literary) power or influence over somebody
ex) Instead they have to use distributors, which hold enormous sway over which beers end up at which bars, restaurants and stores.
Rebel forces hold sway over much of the island.
She was brought up under the sway of Communism.
He was quick to exploit those who fell under his sway.
Traditional attitudes still hold sway in the region.
sliding scale noun
a system in which the rate at which something is paid varies according to particular conditions
ex) The company recently introduced its Voluntary Anheuser-Busch Incentive for Performance program, which pays retailers on a sliding scale based on the share of its beers they sell - which means that if they sell craft beers, they lose money (the Department of Justice is examining this program as well).
Fees are calculated on a sliding scale according to income (= richer people pay more).
precede verb
BrE /prɪˈsiːd/ ; NAmE /prɪˈsiːd/ (formal)
1) [transitive, intransitive] precede (somebody/something) to happen before something or come before something/somebody in order
ex) These takeovers were preceded by the acquisition of Chicago’s Goose Island, Oregon’s Ten Barrel, Washington’s Elysian and Michigan’s Virtue Cider.
the years preceding the war
His resignation was preceded by weeks of speculation.
She preceded me in the job.
See the preceding chapter.
It had happened during the preceding year.
in the moments which immediately preceded the earthquake
exert verb
BrE /ɪɡˈzɜːt/ ; NAmE /ɪɡˈzɜːrt/
1) exert something to use power or influence to affect somebody/something
ex) It will have even more power to strong-arm independent distributors not to carry rival brands and exert pressure on retailers to cut back on, or even refuse to carry, competitive brands.
He exerted all his authority to make them accept the plan.
The moon exerts a force on the earth that causes the tides.
denote verb
BrE /dɪˈnəʊt/ ; NAmE /dɪˈnoʊt/ (formal)
1) denote something | denote that… to be a sign of something
synonym indicate
ex) “But I’m a Libertarian, so doesn’t that denote there are some loose screws out there?”
A very high temperature often denotes a serious illness.
2) denote something | denote what, when, etc… to mean something
synonym represent
In this example ‘X’ denotes the time taken and ‘Y’ denotes the distance covered.
The red triangle denotes danger.
Here ‘family’ denotes mother, father and children.
electorally adverb
BrE /ɪˈlektərəli/ ; NAmE /ɪˈlektərəli/
in a way that is connected with elections
ex) Tiny, electorally trifling and obsessed with guns and weed, cherished emblems of its 11,000 members’ freedom, the party has never mattered in national politics.
an electorally effective campaign
disdain noun
BrE /dɪsˈdeɪn/ ; NAmE /dɪsˈdeɪn/
[uncountable, singular] the feeling that somebody/something is not good enough to deserve your respect or attention
synonym contempt
ex) He speaks in horror of the disdain many Americans show for Mexican immigrants - whom he calls “the cream of the crop” - as if it were borne of some crazy misunderstanding, rather than embedded nativist resentment and economic anxiety.
to treat somebody with disdain
He turned his head away in disdain.
a disdain for the law
voguish adjective
\ˈvō-gish\
2) suddenly or temporarily popular
ex) And the Libertarians’ voguish message of fiscal conservatism, social liberalism and anti-interventionism has something for the disaffected of both big parties.
presumptive adjective
BrE /prɪˈzʌmptɪv/ ; NAmE /prɪˈzʌmptɪv/ usually before noun
likely to be true, based on the facts that are available
ex) The particular unease of many Republicans with their presumptive candidate - along with their failure hitherto to launch a conservative rival to him - explains a surge of interest in the Libertarian confab in Orlando.
a presumptive diagnosis of bowel cancer
hitherto adverb
BrE /ˌhɪðəˈtuː/ ; NAmE /ˌhɪðərˈtuː/ (formal)
until now; until the particular time you are talking about
ex) The particular unease of many Republicans with their presumptive candidate - along with their failure hitherto to launch a conservative rival to him - explains a surge of interest in the Libertarian confab in Orlando.
a hitherto unknown species of moth
Her life hitherto had been devoid of adventure.
confab noun
BrE /ˈkɒnfæb/ ; NAmE /ˈkɑːnfæb/ (informal)
1) an informal private discussion or conversation
ex) We called a family confab.
2) (North American English) a meeting or conference of the members of a profession or group
ex) The particular unease of many Republicans with their presumptive candidate - along with their failure hitherto to launch a conservative rival to him - explains a surge of interest in the Libertarian confab in Orlando.
the annual movie confab in Cannes
sew something↔up
2) [often passive] (informal) to arrange something in an acceptable way
ex) After Mr. Trump sewed up their nomination in Indiana this month, Google reported a 5,000-fold increase in online searches for Mr. Johnson.
It didn’t take me long to sew up the deal.
They think they have the election sewn up (= they think they are definitely going to win).
disenchanted adjective
BrE /ˌdɪsɪnˈtʃɑːntɪd/ ; NAmE /ˌdɪsɪnˈtʃæntɪd/
disenchanted (with somebody/something) no longer feeling enthusiasm for somebody/something; not believing something is good or worth doing
synonym disillusioned
ex) Yet even they hope he might bring disenchanted Republicans to the polls in November, and thereby retain their support for Republican candidates in the coterminous congressional contests.
He was becoming disenchanted with his job as a lawyer.
Many in the party had become disenchanted with the reforms.
coterminous adjective
BrE /kəʊˈtɜːmɪnəs/ ; NAmE /koʊˈtɜːrmɪnəs/ not usually before noun
2) coterminous (with something) (of things or ideas) having so much in common that they are almost the same as each other
ex) Yet even they hope he might bring disenchanted Republicans to the polls in November, and thereby retain their support for Republican candidates in the coterminous congressional contests.
He seems to regard the interests of the state as coterminous with the interests of the party in government.
췌장의
- 췌장
pancreatic adjective
BrE /ˌpæŋkriˈætɪk/ ; NAmE /ˌpæŋkriˈætɪk/ [only before noun]
connected with the pancreas (= an organ near the stomach that produces insulin and a liquid that helps the body to digest (1) food)
ex) They all died of pancreatic cancer.
pancreatic juices (췌액)
- pancreas noun
BrE /ˈpæŋkriəs/ ; NAmE /ˈpæŋkriəs/
an organ near the stomach that produces insulin and a liquid that helps the body to digest food
ex) The first piece of bad news with pancreatic cancer is that your pancreas is in the middle of your belly, literally.
생물[생체] 의학의
biomedical adjective
BrE /ˌbaɪəʊˈmedɪkl/ ; NAmE /ˌbaɪoʊˈmedɪkl/ [usually before noun]
relating to how biology affects medicine
ex) As a biomedical entrepreneur, I like to work on problems that seem impossible,
담관 (담즙을 간에서 십이지장으로 보내는 간)
bile duct noun
the tube that carries bile from the liver and the gall bladder to the duodenum
ex) It’s also surrounded by many other vital organs, like the liver, the stomach, the bile duct.
catheter noun
BrE /ˈkæθɪtə(r)/ ; NAmE /ˈkæθɪtər/
a thin tube that is put into the body in order to remove liquid such as urine
ex) They are flexible enough that they can be folded to fit into the catheter, so the doctor can implant it directly on top of the tumor with minimally invasive surgery.
(암세포의) 전이
metastasis noun
BrE /məˈtæstəsɪs/ ; NAmE /məˈtæstəsɪs/ uncountable
the development of tumours in different parts of the body resulting from cancer that has started in another part of the body
ex) They will actually physically prevent the tumor from entering other organs, controlling the metastasis.
adversity noun
BrE /ədˈvɜːsəti/ ; NAmE /ədˈvɜːrsəti/ uncountable, countable(formal)
a difficult or unpleasant situation
ex) According to Feeney and Collins, there are two ways for us to thrive in life: 1) successfully coping with adversity, and 2) pursuing personal goals and opportunities for growth.
courage in the face of adversity
He overcame many personal adversities.
patience in adversity
stressor noun
an activity, event, or other stimulus that causes stress
ex) There are many ways that those we are closest to can help us cope with the stressors we face, like job loss, relationship break-up, or illness.
