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Honors Anatomy & Physiology > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Two forms of muscle cells based on arrangement of myfilaments (protein bundles in cytoplasm
what are the 2 forms?

A

striated muscle cells- myofilaments arranged in alternating light & dark regions (appear striped or striated under microscope
smooth muscle cells- have myofilaments arranged in irregular bundles instead of repeating light and dark regions

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2
Q

skeletal

A

MUSCLE TISSUE

description: striated appearance, cells are long and extend nearly the length of whole muscle; muscle fibers, multinucleate
function: contractions produce body movements, voluntary
location: attached to skeleton

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3
Q

cardiac

A

MUSCLE TISSUE

description: short, branched, striated appearance, intercalated disc (dark line separating individual cardiac muscle cells) , uninucleate
function: contractions, involuntary
location: only in the heart

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4
Q

Smooth

A

MUSCLE TISSUE

description: flattened cells, uninucleate
function: contractions, involuntary
location: walls of nearly every hollow organ, blood vessels, eyes, skin, and ducts of glands

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5
Q

Nervous

A

Under muscle tissue
description: ECM made of ground substance and few protein fibers , 2 main cell types
function: neurons- send & receive messages
neurological cells- support neuron activities
location: majority of brain, spinal cord, and nerves

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6
Q

types of connective tissue cells in the connective tissue proper

A 
fibroblasts
phagocytes
adipocytes
mast cells
other immune system cells 
(can be resident or migrant cells)
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7
Q

connective tissue functions

A

connecting & binding
support
protection
transport

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8
Q

connective tissue divided into 2 basic groups

what do they differ in?

A

differ in their cell type and extra cellular matrix

-connective tissue proper & - specialized connective tissue

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9
Q

Specialized connective tissue?

A

cartilage, bone tissue, and blood

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10
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

specialized connective tissue

description: tough flexible tissue, chondrocytes, ECM
function: support, protection, resist compression
location: between bones in joints, between sternum and ribs, nose, respiratory tract

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11
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Specialized connective tissue

description: chondrocytes, collagen fibers, ECM
function: support, protect, resist compression
location: intervertebral discs

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12
Q

elastic cartilage

A

Specialized connective tissue

description: chondrocytes, elastic fibers, ECM
function: involved in producing and detecting sound
location: ears, epiglottis of larynx

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13
Q

Bone

A

Specialized connective tissue

description: osteoclasts, osteoblasts, ECM, osteocytes
function: support, protect, store calcium, provide leverage for movement
location: bones

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14
Q

Blood

A

specialized connnective tissue

description: plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes
function: transport nutrients, gases, wastes, immune cells
location: within blood vessels and chambers of the heart

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15
Q

types of connective tissue proper

A 
loose
dense irregular
dense regular collagenous
dense regular elastic
reticular
adipose
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16
Q

loose

A

connective tissue
description: fibroblasts, ground substance, protein fibers (elastic and collagen)
function: support, protect, houses blood vessels supplying epithelium
location: deep to epidermis
walls of hollow organs
membranes lining body cavities

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17
Q

adipose

A

connective tissue (fat cell)

description: adipocytes, protein fibers
function: warmth, insulation, shock absorption, protection, major energy reserve for the body
location: deep to the skin in characteristic areas, surrounds heart and abdominal organs

18
Q

dense irregular

A

connective tissue

description: fibroblasts, collagen fibers, ground substance
function: strength, resistance to stress in all 3 planes
location: deepest layer of skin, around joints & organs

19
Q

dense regular collagenous

A

connective tissue

description: fibroblasts, (parallel) collagen fibers, ground substance
function: strength, resistance to stress in 1 plane
location: tendons, ligaments

20
Q

dense regular elastic

A

connective tissue

description: (parallel) elastic fibers, ground substance
function: allows tissue to stretch and recoil
location: large blood vessels, certain ligaments

21
Q

reticular

A

connective tissue
description: reticular fibers, leukocytes
function: forms internal structure of many organs, supports smaller vessels and nerves
location: lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, liver
basement membrane
around vessels and nerves

22
Q

most common resident cell

A

fibroblasts

23
Q

largest resident cell

A

mast cell

24
Q

immune cells?

A

phagocytes

25
Q

transitional

A

epithelium

description: multiple layers of cells, apical cells dome-shaped when relaxed and flattened when stretched
function: protection, gives tissues added distensibility
location: urinary bladder, urethra, ureter

26
Q

stratified squamous

A

epithelium
description: multiple layers of squamous cells
apical cells dead, flaky, and filled with keratin
cuboidal to squamous shaped basal cells
function: preotection from mechanical stresses and micoorganisms, prevents most water loss through skin
location: epidermis

27
Q

simple squamous

A

epithelium

description: single layer of flat cells, flattened, central nuclei
function: provides barrier through which gases and fluids can be exchanged
location: air sacs of lungs, inner lining of central body cavities and blood vessels, certain parts of kidney

28
Q

simple cubodial

A

epithelium

description: single layer of cube-shaped cells, round, central nuclei
function: absorption, secretion of mucus and other substances
location: kidney tubules, lower respiratory passages, thyroid, salivary, and mammary glands

29
Q

simple columnar

A

epithelium

description: single layer of rectangular cells, ovoid basal nuclei, GOBLET CELLS
function: absorption, secretion of mucus and other substances, propulsion of egg through uterine tube
location: digestive tract from stomach, uterine tube, gallbladder, certain kidney tubules

30
Q

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

A

epithelium

description: single layer of columnar cells of DIFFERENT HEIGHTS, giving a stratified appearance, contains cilia
function: secretes mucus and propels it with ciliary motion
location: Nasal cavity, parts of male urethra, upper respiratory passages

31
Q

epithelial tissue function?

A

selective barriers- limit transfer of substances in & out of body
secretory surfaces
protective surfaces

32
Q

Extra cellular matrix consists of …?

function?

A

ground substance and protein fibers

function: provides strength to tissue to resist stretching & compressive forces

33
Q

protein fibers in ECM? (3)

A

reticular, elastic, and collagen

34
Q

classification of epithelial tissue?

A 
according to shape and layers 
Ex. Shape- flattened cells (squamous)
-cube-like (cuboidal)
-elongated, tall (columnar
Layers- single layer (simple
-multi layers (stratified)
35
Q

3 types of surfaces for epithelial tissue

A

apical (free surface)
lateral (faces adjacent surrounding cells)
basal (attached to basement membrane)

36
Q

4 major types of human tissue

A

epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous

37
Q

epithelial tissue characteristics

A

continuous sheets, closely packed cells (simple or multiple layers)
little extracellular material between cells
lack blood vessels
have a nerve supply
divide rapidly and continuously
connected to basement membrane

38
Q

definition of tissues

A

group of similar cells that function together

39
Q

study of tissues

A

histology

40
Q

person who examines tissue for damage/disease

A

pathologist

Honors Anatomy & Physiology (45 decks)

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