Tissues

Question 1

Two forms of muscle cells based on arrangement of myfilaments (protein bundles in cytoplasm
what are the 2 forms?

Answer 1

striated muscle cells- myofilaments arranged in alternating light & dark regions (appear striped or striated under microscope
smooth muscle cells- have myofilaments arranged in irregular bundles instead of repeating light and dark regions

Question 2

skeletal

Answer 2

MUSCLE TISSUE

description: striated appearance, cells are long and extend nearly the length of whole muscle; muscle fibers, multinucleate
function: contractions produce body movements, voluntary
location: attached to skeleton

Question 3

cardiac

Answer 3

MUSCLE TISSUE

description: short, branched, striated appearance, intercalated disc (dark line separating individual cardiac muscle cells) , uninucleate
function: contractions, involuntary
location: only in the heart

Question 4

Smooth

Answer 4

MUSCLE TISSUE

description: flattened cells, uninucleate
function: contractions, involuntary
location: walls of nearly every hollow organ, blood vessels, eyes, skin, and ducts of glands

Question 5

Nervous

Answer 5

Under muscle tissue
description: ECM made of ground substance and few protein fibers , 2 main cell types
function: neurons- send & receive messages
neurological cells- support neuron activities
location: majority of brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Question 6

types of connective tissue cells in the connective tissue proper

Answer 6

fibroblasts
phagocytes
adipocytes
mast cells
other immune system cells 
(can be resident or migrant cells)

Question 7

connective tissue functions

Answer 7

connecting & binding
support
protection
transport

Question 8

connective tissue divided into 2 basic groups

what do they differ in?

Answer 8

differ in their cell type and extra cellular matrix

-connective tissue proper & - specialized connective tissue

Question 9

Specialized connective tissue?

Answer 9

cartilage, bone tissue, and blood

Question 10

hyaline cartilage

Answer 10

specialized connective tissue

description: tough flexible tissue, chondrocytes, ECM
function: support, protection, resist compression
location: between bones in joints, between sternum and ribs, nose, respiratory tract

Question 11

Fibrocartilage

Answer 11

Specialized connective tissue

description: chondrocytes, collagen fibers, ECM
function: support, protect, resist compression
location: intervertebral discs

Question 12

elastic cartilage

Answer 12

Specialized connective tissue

description: chondrocytes, elastic fibers, ECM
function: involved in producing and detecting sound
location: ears, epiglottis of larynx

Question 13

Bone

Answer 13

Specialized connective tissue

description: osteoclasts, osteoblasts, ECM, osteocytes
function: support, protect, store calcium, provide leverage for movement
location: bones

Question 14

Blood

Answer 14

specialized connnective tissue

description: plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes
function: transport nutrients, gases, wastes, immune cells
location: within blood vessels and chambers of the heart

Question 15

types of connective tissue proper

Answer 15

loose
dense irregular
dense regular collagenous
dense regular elastic
reticular
adipose

Question 16

loose

Answer 16

connective tissue
description: fibroblasts, ground substance, protein fibers (elastic and collagen)
function: support, protect, houses blood vessels supplying epithelium
location: deep to epidermis
walls of hollow organs
membranes lining body cavities

Question 17

adipose

Answer 17

connective tissue (fat cell)

description: adipocytes, protein fibers
function: warmth, insulation, shock absorption, protection, major energy reserve for the body
location: deep to the skin in characteristic areas, surrounds heart and abdominal organs

Question 18

dense irregular

Answer 18

connective tissue

description: fibroblasts, collagen fibers, ground substance
function: strength, resistance to stress in all 3 planes
location: deepest layer of skin, around joints & organs

Question 19

dense regular collagenous

Answer 19

connective tissue

description: fibroblasts, (parallel) collagen fibers, ground substance
function: strength, resistance to stress in 1 plane
location: tendons, ligaments

Question 20

dense regular elastic

Answer 20

connective tissue

description: (parallel) elastic fibers, ground substance
function: allows tissue to stretch and recoil
location: large blood vessels, certain ligaments

Question 21

reticular

Answer 21

connective tissue
description: reticular fibers, leukocytes
function: forms internal structure of many organs, supports smaller vessels and nerves
location: lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, liver
basement membrane
around vessels and nerves

Question 22

most common resident cell

Answer 22

fibroblasts

Question 23

largest resident cell

Answer 23

mast cell

Question 24

immune cells?

Answer 24

phagocytes

Question 25

transitional

Answer 25

epithelium description: multiple layers of cells, apical cells dome-shaped when relaxed and flattened when stretched function: protection, gives tissues added distensibility location: urinary bladder, urethra, ureter

Question 26

stratified squamous

Answer 26

epithelium description: multiple layers of squamous cells apical cells dead, flaky, and filled with keratin cuboidal to squamous shaped basal cells function: preotection from mechanical stresses and micoorganisms, prevents most water loss through skin location: epidermis

Question 27

simple squamous

Answer 27

epithelium description: single layer of flat cells, flattened, central nuclei function: provides barrier through which gases and fluids can be exchanged location: air sacs of lungs, inner lining of central body cavities and blood vessels, certain parts of kidney

Question 28

simple cubodial

Answer 28

epithelium description: single layer of cube-shaped cells, round, central nuclei function: absorption, secretion of mucus and other substances location: kidney tubules, lower respiratory passages, thyroid, salivary, and mammary glands

Question 29

simple columnar

Answer 29

epithelium description: single layer of rectangular cells, ovoid basal nuclei, GOBLET CELLS function: absorption, secretion of mucus and other substances, propulsion of egg through uterine tube location: digestive tract from stomach, uterine tube, gallbladder, certain kidney tubules

Question 30

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Answer 30

epithelium description: single layer of columnar cells of DIFFERENT HEIGHTS, giving a stratified appearance, contains cilia function: secretes mucus and propels it with ciliary motion location: Nasal cavity, parts of male urethra, upper respiratory passages

Question 31

epithelial tissue function?

Answer 31

selective barriers- limit transfer of substances in & out of body secretory surfaces protective surfaces

Question 32

Extra cellular matrix consists of ...? | function?

Answer 32

ground substance and protein fibers | function: provides strength to tissue to resist stretching & compressive forces

Question 33

protein fibers in ECM? (3)

Answer 33

reticular, elastic, and collagen

Question 34

classification of epithelial tissue?

Answer 34

``` according to shape and layers Ex. Shape- flattened cells (squamous) -cube-like (cuboidal) -elongated, tall (columnar Layers- single layer (simple -multi layers (stratified) ```

Question 35

3 types of surfaces for epithelial tissue

Answer 35

apical (free surface) lateral (faces adjacent surrounding cells) basal (attached to basement membrane)

Question 36

4 major types of human tissue

Answer 36

epithelial connective muscle nervous

Question 37

epithelial tissue characteristics

Answer 37

continuous sheets, closely packed cells (simple or multiple layers) little extracellular material between cells lack blood vessels have a nerve supply divide rapidly and continuously connected to basement membrane

Question 38

definition of tissues

Answer 38

group of similar cells that function together

Question 39

study of tissues

Answer 39

histology

Question 40

person who examines tissue for damage/disease

Answer 40

pathologist